Emerging forest-based solutions and their Implications for forest management

Desafios y Oportunidades para unaBioeconomia forestal en el Sur de Europa

Towards a forest based bioeconomy

I Congreso Español de Bioeconomia ForestalSantander, 29-30 Noviembre 2017

Inazio Martínez de AranoMediterranean Regional Office of the European Forest Institute

What to expect

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• Porqué la Bioeconomía no es business as usual

• El Sur de Europa es diferente… o no?

• Retos y Oportunidades

• Tres Implicaciones para la política forestal

La bioeconomía

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Fuel basedLinear economy

Bioeconomy

19.12.2017

• Cambio climático• Diversidad 

biológica• Ciclos de N y P

• Aerosoles atmosfericos

• ”novel entities”Rockström et al. 2009

Boundaries for a safe opperating environment

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Operating environment for humanity

Rockström et al. 2009 Raworth 2017

• Agua,...• Trabajo• Prosperidad• ...• Dignidad• Participación• Indentidad.• ...

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Global ChangeGlobal change is shaking economic sectors and balance across regions

• Population & consumption growth

• Emerging economies taking bigger share

• Europe and Med. Structural unemployment.

• Digital revolution• Industry 4.0• Sharing economy

• Biotech & nanotech revolution

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The Global Footprint Network (2015)

• Gestion de los recursos naturales• Generacion de empleo

• Cambio climatico• Relaciones euromediterraneas

• Hemos superado la biocapacidad x 2.5

Grandes Retos de la región Euromediterranea

La bioeconomía

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Fuel basedLinear economy

BioeconomíaINNOVATIONSocial, technological,managerial you name it

An economic sector?

The Biologisation of the economy?A transformation of main Economicsector?

Un bio‐sector emergente

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Bioeconomy as a sector

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data from JRC, 2016

Turn over b€, severalyears (JRC 2016)

What can forest bioeconomy do for greening key sectors?

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Main sectors of green economy(Burkart, K, Mother Nature Network)

• Land management• Renewable energy• Green buildings• Sustainable transport• Water management• Waste management

Main sectors of green economy (UNEP 2011)

• Natural capital• Renewable energy• Manufacturing• Waste • Buildings• Transport• Tourism• Cities

Material intensity in Europe

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Una Bioeconomia Circular

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Key questions for the circular bioeconomy

Maximizar beneficios sociales (empleo, prosperidad, bienestar....)

thousand EUR turnover / Job (source JRC)

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Key questions for the circular bioeconomy

Maximizar beneficios sociales (empleo, prosperidad, bienestar....)

19 December 201717

Key questions for the circular bioeconomy

Maximizar beneficios Ambientales• Carbon footprint• Water footprint• Dematerialisation• Waste...

EFI, 2015

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Key questions for the circular bioeconomyStrong Sustainablity

OCDE 2009

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Key questions for the circular bioeconomyStrong Sustainablity

EFI, 2015

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EFI 2017

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MENSAJE 1

La Bioeconomía Circular no es BAU!

A bioeconomy Strategy for France, 2017

El sur de Europa ¿es diferente?

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Southern Europe is also a buzzword

Contexto 1

• High population (480  M. inhabitants)  • 66% of people lives in cities• 30% of world tourism• 60% of population in water scarce areas• Structural unemployment• Global biodiversity & heritage hotspot

Biocapacity

Dramatic climate change

Figure 1. Percentage changes in average annual runoff projected by four climate models for the period 2090-2099, relative to 1980-1999 Source: IPCC. 2007. Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

Figure 3.5, p. 49

Regional innovation scoreboard, EC 2017 (left), DG RESEARCH (2017) Rigght

Capacidad Innovacion Bioeconomy readiness

Contexto 2: el sector forestal

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European Forest InstituteEFI

IIASA 2008Study of the Effects of Globalization on the conomicViability of EU Forestry

sawn wood oriented central

Low profitability, low Management Mediterranean

Multifunctdomestic

Resource burs in tras¡nsition

Harvesting intensity in Europe

Source: Levers et al 2014

One of the world most radical forest transitions

Forest fires Trend: area burnt in WE

• 500.000 ha /yr in Med Europe• > EUR 2 500 Million /yr in combat??• Economic and ecological damage

mission interministérielle Changement climatique et extension des zones sensibles aux feux de forêt, 2010

France needs + 20% budget but 2040

Mediterranean Forests: Fragmentation

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European Forest InstituteEFI

Castilla and Leon1.000.000 owened by 700.000 thousen owners

Forestry in the cross‐roads: social values

license to operate,

license to PES

Consume behaviour

Up to 30% of theland in Natura 2000

European Commision2012. Natura 2000 Network

• Ecological hotspost• Lack of value

3 Biomass availability

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ES

ForestProduction

 Forest  residues

wood residues

FIForestProduction

 Forestresidues

wood residues

SEForestProduction

 Forestresidues

wood residues

PT

ForestProduction

 Forestresidues

wood residues

ITForestProduction

 Forest  residues

wood residues

 BlackLiquour

FR

ForestProduction

 Forest  residues

wood residues

ELForestProduction

 Forest  residues

wood residues

High weight of agro-biomass

Base on data from S2Biom project

Availablity of forest and forest biomass in Regions

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-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Har

vest

ed m

3 pe

r cap

ita

-2,5 0 2,5 5 7,5 10 12,5 15 17,5 20FOREST AREA ha / per capita

mediterraneancontinentalborealatlantic

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Har

vest

ed m

3 pe

r cap

ita

-,25 0 ,25 ,5 ,75 1 1,25 1,5 1,75 2FOREST AREA ha / per capita

mediterraneancontinentalatlantic

Forest ha inhab-1 std

Harvestm3 inhab-1 yr-1 std

Incrementm3ha-1yr-1 std

Atlantic 0.11a 0.22 0.35a 0.74 5.16a 0.69Boreal 4.17b 5.06 9.04b 8.08 3.06b 0.56Continental 0.29c 0.2 1.08c 1.00 4.14c 0.61Mediterranean 0.43d 0.44 0.42ad 0.65 3.73cd 0.78

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Los servicios ecosistémicos y los productos no madereros son muy valiosos!!

• NWFPs in EU are 10% of the value of

wood

• > 150 NWFPs are traded

internationally..

• EU is a global leader in supply (cork,

tannins…)

• The EU = 50% of global NWFP imports

• 25% of European families pick ≥ once

/yr Merlo & Croitoru 2005

Context 4. Diversidad!!!

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1. Southern Europe is Diverse!!

Context 5. Sectores tractores??

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Construction?42% del consumo energetico50% uses material & 33% residuos

Textil y Moda?• Polyester (60%)• Algodon (30%)

Automaticion?

Plasticos?

Context 4. Sectores tractores??

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60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Index 2000 = 100

Packaging paper & board

Graphic paper

Wood pulp

Sawnwood

GDP per capita (real)Wood‐based panels

Wood fuel

Consumption per capita

Approaches to the bioeconomy

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(Bugge 2016)

• bio-technology centred pharma and research/ commercialisation of bio-techs. Solutions for multiple sectors

• bio-resource transformation of biomass for food, feed feedstock and manufacturing

• bio-ecology (agro ecology) focus on sustainability and ecological processes, local products organic farming….

Forest bioeconomy in RIS-3 Smart SpecialisationStrategiesMapping of EU Member States’ / regions’ Research and Innovation plans & Strategies for Smart Specialisation (RIS3) on Bioeconomy (DG Research 2017)

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Regional bioeconomy profilesDG Research 2017.

Regions with-out biomass value chains• Type 1: Research driven bioeconomy• Type 5: industrial biotech driven bioeco

Regions with biomass value chains• Type 3: Incipient• Type 4 Advanced• Type 6 Integrated

Regions with agro-ecology approach• Type 2: Regions with a natural resources and

heritage driven bioeconomy profile

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Mensaje 2DG Research 2017.

La receta de la Bioeconomía mezcla:

1. Biotechs / 2. Bioresource / 3. Agro ecology

La bioeconomía surge en la intersección del con otros sectores

La disponibilidad y diversidad de biomasa no deja lugar para los comodities. Es importante apostar por aplicaciones de alto valor y baja intensidad material, incluyendo servicios terciarios…

Mensaje 3La bioeconomia está aquí!( y cada paso da muchas lecciones!)

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19 December 201747

Oliver Strewe Photography

19 December 201748

Wood construction in ItalyDrivers• Energy transition

o But luck of tight regulation• Tech developments CTL, NCN• Seismic & fire performance• Dry, speedy, prefabricated construction

Barriers• Lack of strong advocacy• High inertia (path dependency)• Main contractors are key element

o Risk aversiono Lack of industrial ecosystems o Tendering process

Humerkoski (2016), Fraggiacomo (2017

)

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Made in Italy is 20% Italian wood

• 7% market share, 4th in EU ranking• National increment: 35Mm3, harvest rate 30% energy=60%• Poplar plantation (80.000 ha) = 40% of native components• Poplar new plantation rate -50% since 1970s

o Low priceo Environmental regulationo No Social perception on positive externalities

Fraggiacomo 2017, Coaloa 201, Nervo et al 2011

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Made in Italy is 20% Italian wood

• Mediterranean conifers offer opportunitieso Standardization vs. adaptation to local

materialso Short supply chains?

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Made in Italy is 20% Italian wood

• Not in BIT• Yes in RIS3

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Moving to local wood in 2006, upstream integration in 2016• Competing in long laminated beams commodity markets• Investing in upstream supply vs investing in engineering• 70K tons of dust/yr. opens new opportunities

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Is Cork !!

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Herdade do Freixo do Meio

Biomass supply, intesification vs PES

Drip irrigationHigh densityTree farmingIntercropping (wood/herbs)

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19 December 201758 Calvo,J 2017 based in http://pinetappingworld.com/hgrp/

XX century peak• 250.000 tn/yr in• 25.000 jobs

About Resin!

19 December 201759

Castilla y Leon has recovered production, created direct jobs and attract investments

Structural reasons- Chinese forests reaching production limits- China is building processing capacity- Green chemistry push- Economic downturn made the job attractive again

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Forest chemistry

Xylofutur anual conference 2017

• 1,200 employees8 production sites in France China (1) and India (3)

• 50 scientists• 80% export markets• Importing natural resins

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Is About ICTs social innovation andterritorial marketing

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Gomez, R (2014)

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Key policy and research issues

• Regional dimensions: Scale and coherence• Engaging society: multifunctionality, awarness, consumers

• Sustainability: from SFM to sustainable value chains, from technical prescription to social consensus

• Securing supply of biomass: Intensification, mobilization, de‐fragmenting ownership, benefit sharing…

• Financing Industrial modernization: risk taking• Technologies and skills: new education

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• Regulatory framework: better informed policies, bio=bio

• Climate Change Adaptation• Innovation• Cooperation

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Gracias!