Post on 03-Apr-2018
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Dr. P. Balasubramanian
Professor, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore
Research Priorities in Indian Agriculture
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Water the most precious commodity in India
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Indiapronetodroughtspells
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Warmer Nights Threaten India's RiceProduction
yAfter 25 years, Kenneth Cassman, a professor ofagronomy at the University of Nebraska and a co-authorin the IRRI project, concluded that "Every 1 oC increasein nighttime temperature led a 10 percent reduction in
yield."
y This is alarming because experts project an increase of4 oC at nighttime. In this situation, the plants would findit hard to respire, reproduce, and would need moreenergy in their processes.
y http://www.eenews.net/climatewire/2010/05/05/1/ .
http://www.isaaa.org/kc/cropbiotechupdate/article.asp?xxIDxx=5993&xxURLxx=http://www.eenews.net/climatewire/2010/05/05/1/http://www.isaaa.org/kc/cropbiotechupdate/article.asp?xxIDxx=5993&xxURLxx=http://www.eenews.net/climatewire/2010/05/05/1/7/28/2019 Bioeco Balasubramanian En
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Importance of cereals and starchy foods
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Struggling to keep up
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Not much of land is left
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yFixation of heterosis through apomixis
y Improving nutritional status of major crops
y rice, wheat and potato
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Need for more efficiency
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Cheap protein
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Need for furthering biotechnology research
Impending challenges necessitating increased food
production
y burgeoning population
y shrinking land and water resourcesBiotechnology - Viable option
y
Increasing yield by reducing the losses due tobiotic and abiotic stresses
y Gene Revolution
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Agricultural priorities-Strategies and Tools
y Improving yield and quality
y QTL identification and Marker assisted breeding
y Genomics structural and functional genomics
y Bioinformatics and Functional validation
y Transgenics when necessary
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Major Indian Institutes involved in agri research
y NRCPB IARI, New Delhi
y Delhi University (Southcampus)
y NCPGR, New Delhi
y JNU, New Delhiy ICGEB, New Delhi
y TNAU, Coimbatore
y MSSRF, Chennai
y MKU, Madurai
y UAS, Bangalore
y UAS, Dharwad
y
University of Hyderabady PAU, Ludhiana
y DRR, Hyderabad
y GB Pant Univ, Pant Nagary MS Univ., Baroda
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Major problems of priority crops
y Quality improvement wheat
y Hybrid seed production mustard
y Transgenics for biotic stress resistance cotton,
mung bean and tomatoy Abiotic stress resistance rice
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Status of transgenic research in India
y Transgenic insect resistant cotton 2002
y Three more events were approved including one
indigenously isolated gene.
y Research on other crops is in advanced stages ofproduct development
y cauliflower, cabbage, potato, brinjal, tomato, rice,
mustard and bhendi
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Entry of private sector in Agriculture research
y When products are expected to be accompanied by a
strong IPR regime
y Technology-intensive and investment-oriented
y Major investment attractantsy Cotton and vegetables
y
Not all private companies have adequate R&D facil itiesy Concerns about human and animal health
y Often orchestrated
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Slow progress of agbiotech research in India
y Transition from Green Revolution to Gene Revolutiony Misquoted to be against the nature
y Biodiversity concerns often expressed
y ICAR/DBT/SAUs
y as always, exercise caution before adopting newer
technologiesy Spurious seeds-their presence in the market
y
Lacking in moral restrainty No legislation to contain
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Future of agriculture research in India
y
Intensification of genomics research forincreasing yield and stability
yCompletion of genetic mapping in rice and wheat
y Init iation of genetic mapping in grain legumes
yMolecular dissection of abiotic stress tolerance
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Future thrusts in Indian Agricultural Scenario
y Improving the iron content in rice grains
yNutritionally enhanced Indian varieties of potato
yApproaches to senescence retardation in fruits
yWork on plant-microbe and virus interactionsyGene silencing and recombination with a special
reference to containing crop viral diseases
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Think-tank vs. Do-Tank
Role ofMSMEs in taking the fruits of this
collaboration need to be clearly defined
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Leapfroggingy Leapfrogging is a theory of
development in whichdeveloping countries skipinferior, less efficient, moreexpensive or more polluting
technologies and industriesand move directly to moreadvanced ones.
y The best-known example of
leapfrogging is ?????
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Leapfrog technology!
y World's first solar powered stadium: Taiwan in 2009
finished construction on a 50,000-seat solar-poweredstadium that will generate 100% of its electricityfrom photovoltaic technology designed by theJapanese architect, Toyo Ito
The best-known Indian
example of leapfrogging is?????
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Leapfrog technologies
y Mobile phone use already
exceeds land line use inIndia, and by 2007, 150mill ion out of the 200 million
phone lines there will becellular.
y I am hopeful the next leapfrogtechnology will emerge from
this collaboration.
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Oliver Goldsmith in Deserted Village
y 55: But a bold peasantry, their country's pride,
y 56: When once destroy'd, can never be supplied.
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