BY:- HATHISINGWALA MOH.JAVED Y ME part: III/IV

Under the Guidance of:- Dr. J.N SHAHYear-2014

Department of Textile ChemistryFaculty of Technology & Engineering

The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda 20th AUGEST-2014

STUDIES ON BIO-PROCESSING

OF GREEN BAMBOO TEXTILES

IntroductionScope Of The Present Study Literature ReviewPlan Of WorkExperimentalResults & DiscussionSummary & ConclusionsReferencesAcknowledgement

Presentation Out line

Bio processing - great potential for industriesThe bulk part of textile production migrates to the

developing world, partially because of stricter environmental regulations in the industrialized countries. The developing world has the possibility to create a unique competitive advantage by promoting environmentally sustainable production process based on Biotechnology

Bamboo plant does not need any pesticides & insecticides & fungicide to grow of plant so it’s called as green plant.

Textiles made of bamboo fiber are eco-friendly.

Introduction

Classification of Natural Textile Fibers

Bamboo is the general name used for a number of perennial, woody-stemmed grasses

They are a popular landscape plant because they grow rapidly, are evergreens, and create a tropical or exotic atmosphere.

They are often marketed as alternative, fast-growing privacy screens. Basically bamboo is a grass; it is the world’s fastest growing ‘Woody Plant’.

BAMBOO PLANT

Manufacturing process of bamboo fibers

Mechanical Chemical

Mechanical

Bamboo plant is crushed into a pulp

Natural enzymes are used to form a mushy substance

Fibers are combed out

Fibers are spun into yarn

Flow Chart of Bamboo Fibre Manufacturing by Mechanical Means

Chemically

Bamboo leaves & trunk are extracted and crushed.

Crushed bamboo cellulose is soaked in a solution of 20% NaOH at a temp at 20°C for 3 hours to form alkali cellulose.

Then pressed to remove any excess NaOH solution.

The alkali cellulose is crushed by a grinder and left to dry for 24 hours.

CS2 is added to the bamboo alkali cellulose to sulphurize the compound and become jelly.

……..Chemically

Remaining CS2 is removed by evaporation

Formation of cellulose sodium xanthogenate

A diluted solution of NaOH is added to the cellulose sodium xanthogenate dissolving it to create a viscose solution

consisting of about 5% NaOH and 7% to 15% bamboo fiber cellulose.

The viscose bamboo cellulose is forced through spinneret nozzles into a large container of a diluted H2SO4 solution.

It hardens the viscose bamboo cellulose sodium xanthogenate and reconverts it to cellulose bamboo fibers which are spun

into yarns to be woven.

MECHANICALLY AND CHEMICALLY PROCESSED BAMBOO FIBER

Mechanically Chemically

Chemical composition

Cellulose ; 73.83

Hemicellulose 12.49

Lignin 10.15

Pectin 0.37 Aqueous extract 3.16

REFRENCE:- Wang Y. “Structure of Bamboo Fibre for Textiles”. Textile Research Journal.2009; 334-343.

Bamboo textile spinning and weaving

Typical Layout of Wet Spinning Process WEAVING

Bamboo fibers have some properties that are not feasible i.e. it is sensitive to moisture regain and become weak as it moisture regain increase. So during the whole process the suitable rate of moisture regains is 8%-9%.

Morphological structure

The Longitudinal View of Bamboo Fiber Bundle

Absence of nodes on the surface The surface of bamboo single fibre is rough with

tree bark stripes

REFRENCE:- Dr Shah J N and Dr Shah S R. ˝Bamboo: The Green Fibre of 21st Century; Characteristics and Structure”. Bangladesh Textile Today.Dec.2012; 39.

Crystalline structureAccording to results of XRD, although the

crystalline structure of the bamboo fiber belongs to cellulose I, it is not the same as those of flax, cotton and ramie completely.

Fine Structure

XRD Graphs of the Fibers: Bamboo Fiber, Flax, Ramie and Jute Fibers

In the angle of diffraction peaks, quite similar to that of wood, which shows overlapping of the diffraction peaks at (101) and (101) lattice plane.

It may be because of a high percentage of amorphous hemi cellulose and lignin in the bamboo fiber. In addition, the degree of crystallinity of the bamboo fibers is lower than those of the flax and cotton, and similar to that of jute.

The low degree of crystallinity (52.54%) for the bamboo fiber may be due to lot of substances grown with cellulose resultantly disturbing the formation of the cellulose crystalline structure during the growth of bamboo and about 20% of lignin and hemi cellulose residuals in fiber will effect testing results to some extent

REFRENCE:- Dr Shah J N and Dr Shah S R. ˝Bamboo: The Green Fibre of 21st Century; Characteristics and Structure”. Bangladesh Textile Today.Dec.2012; 39

Degree of polymerization (DP) DP of the bamboo fiber is close to that of the jute fiber, but lower

than those of flax and ramie, and far lower than that of cotton. The lower DP would usually lead to lower tenacity for the fibers.

The DP of cellulose in fiber also is dependent on its surroundings. Higher the lignin content is in the plant, the lower the DP of cellulose may be because of disturbance created by the non-cellulose substances during polymerization, this can be proved by the group of weak cellulose characteristic absorption peaks at the wave numbers of 1032–1158cm–1 in the infrared spectrum of the bamboo fiber (figure-10), also, by fibre size

The Infrared Spectra of the Fibers

BENEFITS OF BAMBOO FIBER & FABRIC

Anti-bacterialUV protection

High moisture Absorption

Air Permeability

Natural Health Protection

Suppleness & Smoothness

Breathable & coolSTRONG

FLEXIBLEGreen & biodegradable

AntisepticsReducing Radiation

Soft & Shiny appearance

Wear resistance

Velour feeling

Limitations of Bamboo TextileCost is high compare to

cottonFabric tend to shrink

more than all cotton fabrics, therefore special laundering

may be required.

Bamboo Intimate Apparels

Bamboo Non-Woven Textile

• Bamboo Bathroom Series

• Bamboo Baby Wear

Applications of Bamboo Textile

Bamboo Shoes

The present study we carried out pretreatment, dyeing & finishing of bamboo fabric MANUFACTURED FROM natural resources.

EnzymesNatural dye

Natural finishing agent

Comparison of the results between natural wet processing & conventional wet processing of bamboo fabric

Main object is to produced 100% eco-friendly bamboo fabric ---- NO hazards chemicals.

Save energy & eliminate harmful effect of effluent to preserve the green status of earth.

Scope of present study

Safer reactions

Used of renewable raw materials

Sustain biodegradability

Literature surveyed based on green status of bamboo textile. Manufacturing of bamboo fiber

Conventional process of bamboo textile & it’s involves hazard Development of areas of bamboo fiber processing

Green wet processing of textiles. Bamboo processing presently is not eco-friendly We survey the eco-friendly process & also various enzymes to eliminate sodium hydroxide with enzymes. We survey the three natural dye which produced some herbal properties on bamboo textile. We survey natural finishing agent ALOE VERA which impart the special antimicrobial

properties on bamboo textile.

 

Literature review

Out come of Literature review oxidative bleaching are carried out using hydrogen peroxide in

conventional method.

Enzymes is a specialized protein produced within an organism which is capable of catalyzing specific chemical reaction i.e. hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, etc.

Factors affecting enzyme activity are effect of temperature, Effect of pH, Effect of activators, Redox potential,

In the present study hemicellulase, cellulase & pectinase enzymes are used to process of eco-friendly pretreatment of bamboo fabric.

Pectinases capable of hydrolyzing pectinic substances are generally enzyme complexes containing esterases and depolymerases with random or terminal activities.