Post on 07-Apr-2016
description
Why we Need a Monetary Ecosystem
Scientific Evidence for Complementary Currencies
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What to answer to
•Those who claim that Bitcoin is a potential
problem for banks or the official money
system?
What to answer to
•Those who claim that Bitcoin is a potential
problem for banks or the official money
system?
© Conventional money provokes various un-
sustainabilities
(2) Conventional money is structurally unstable
(3) Bitcoin as part of a monetary ecosystem is part of
a solution for systemic instability!
A Simple Question
•Who creates conventionalmoney?
A Simple Question
• Whocreates conventionalmoney?
-The Government?
-Central Banks?
A Simple Question
•Who creates conventionalmoney?
—The Government?
—Central Banks?
—Someone else?
All « national » moneys are created
- out of nothing (« fiat » money)
- through bank debt
- with interest!
How many of you have used a
complementary (non-conventional)
currency other than Bitcoin?
Plan
• Conventional Money generates un-sustainabilities
* Systemic Cause for Monetary Instability
* Systemic Solution
• Conclusions
Conventional Money System is theSystemic Cause for 4 Un-sustainabilities
1 !t Amplifies Business Cycles
2) It Makes Economic Growth Compulsory
(3) It Automatically Concentrates Wealth
@ It Programs Short-Termism
1. Money Creation Process amplifiesthe business cycle
EconomicCycle
after money
Creation
Business(Inventory)
Cycle
2. Compulsory Growth
GRO
•When a bank creates money through
a loan, only the principal is being
created, not the interest.•Without new loans (i.e. new growth),
everybody goes bankrupt!
3. Money System AutomaticallyConcentrates Wealth
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•What is the Median wealth(most frequent amount) of US
households?
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Figure 2.4: 2007 U.S. wealth distribution [48](Federal Reserve Reserve Bank, 2007}
Comparison of Interest Paid & Gained
in ten groups of households of 3 8 million eachreference year 2000
all values in thousands of Euros per household per year
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80% bottom always pays net interest
to Top 10%
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The Transparency Misconception:"Interest is paid only when we borrow money"
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4. Conventional Money GeneratesShort-termism
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Plan
• Conventional Money generatesunsustainabities
• Systemic Cause for Monetary Instability
• Systemic Solution
• Conclusions
Money System is itselfstructurally unstable
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Between 1970 -2010 IMF identified:145 banking crashes204 monetary collapses76 sovereign debt crises
425 systemic crises = more than 10 countries/year!
My Claim: Our conventional money system isstructurally unstable!
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Sustainability of Complex Networks
•Robert Ulanowicz 25 years of ecosystems flowdata. Natural ecosystems have in common to besustainable. What else do they have incommon?
Sustainability of Complex Networks
•Robert Ulanowicz 25 years of ecosystems flow
data. Natural ecosystems have in common to besustainable. What else do they have incommon?
•Sustainability of complex network results fromappropriate balance between andResilience, emergent properties from 2structural variables of complex networks:diversity and interconnectivity
Balance in Natural Networks
Resilience
Efficiency
(In)Balance in Our Financial Network
"Monoculture = accident waiting to happen"
Efficiency
Resilience
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« Monetary Ecosystem » is NOTa
metaphor !!!
•Diversity and intercormectivity are 2 structural
variables => applies to all complex flow networkswith similar structure, including money system!
• Structural variables are independent from what is
being processed in network
— biomass in an ecosystem,
— electrons in electrical circuit,
- information in immune system,
- money in an economy
Key Points
© We need monetary diversity, even to stabilizethe conventional money system
(2) Resilience requires sacrificing some efficiency
(3) Digital Age Monetary innovations provide
tools to motivate people at different scalesand issues.
Plan
* Conventional Money generatesunsustainabities
• Systemic Cause for Monetary Instability
• Systemic Solution
• Conclusions
Sustainability Optimum
100%
/Excess
xcess
Resilience
o%
Resilience <<fci{Diversity + Interconnections)
Efficiency (A){Streamlined)
Sustainability Op6™mNaturai
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0%
Efficiency (A)(Streamliner!)
Resilience (ÿ)(Diversity + Interconnections)
Optimumÿ jyja(||ra|
Ecosystems
Sustainability
100ÿ
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Resilience(Diversity + Interconnections)
Efficiency (A)(Streamlined)
Susiarnability Optimum \a|Ural
g0k£ÿ!EcosYstcms*100%
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Efficiency (A)
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Sustainability
100% * m
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Resilience (*){Diversity + Interconnections}
Efficiency (A)(Streamlined)
Sustainability Optimum
1 / “ Window of "
/ Viability
4—*ÿf Collapse of
Financial System
100%
0%
Resilience (*t»)(Diversity + Interconnections)
Efficiency (A)(Streamlined)
Natural Recovery
Suslamability Optimum _100%
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Resilience (<t»l
[Diversity + tntercomecnons)Efficiency [A)[Streamlined}
Sustainability Optimum
* * ; Reestablishment ofMonopoly of Bank-debt Money
f Window of
f Coilap&e ofFinancial System
100%
0%
Resilience {<i»t
(Diversity + Interconnections)
Efficiency lA)(Streamlined)
Sustainability Optimum
* ; Reestablishment ofMonopoly of Bank-debt Money
\LggZXw Collapse of
Financial System
100%
0%
Resilience (4>l
(Diversity + Interconnections)
Efficiency (A)(Streamlined)
Plan
• Conventional Money generates un¬sustainabilities
• Systemic Cause for Monetary Instability
• Systemic Solution
Towards a Monetary Ecosystem:
FROM TO
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Sustainability Opt jmumEffect of
ComplementaryJ Currencies
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*IWindow ofZ Viability
CurrentOperation of AFinancial Systei
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Resilience HO(Diversity + Redundant Interconnections)
Efficiency (A)(Streamlined]
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Other Example: Regios in Germany
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Other Examples
* Big variety of socialpurpose currencies: elderly
care, ecological, learning, etc.
• Terra: A global currency that makes it profitable
for multinationals to think long-term
* Dual Currency Banking reduces poverty (Brazil)
•Loyalty Currencies: most common commercialcomplementary currencies
•Etc. etc. etc.
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Plan
• Conventional Money generates severalun-sustainabilities
• Systemic Cause for Monetary Instability
• Systemic Solution
• Conclusions
Our international monetary system is in
[TROUBLE|
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Value ShiftPatriarchal vs, Matrrfocal
Patriarchal Societies • Matrifocal Societies
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Value Shift
Patriarchal vs. Matrifocal
* Patriarchal Societies
Monopoly of centralizingCurrency with interest
=> Great for Industrial Revolution
• But Promotes:
- Booms & Bust cycles
- Concentration of wealth
- Destroys community(incompatible with gift
economy)
• Matrifocal Societies
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Value ShiftPatriarchal vs. Matrrfocal
* Patriarchal Societies
Monopoly of centralizing
Currency with interest=> Great for Industrial Revolution
• But Promotes:
- Booms & Bust cycles
- Concentration of wealth
- Destroys community(incompatible with gift
economy)
* Matrifocal Societies
Duai Currency Systems
- Partriarchal one for long-distance
- Different type of currency (bottom
up) for local exchanges
• Promotes:
- Economic stability for centuries
- General well-being for the "littlepeople”
- Builds and sustains community
Value ShiftPatriarchal vs. Matrifocal
• Patriarchal Societies • Matrifocal SocietiesL*j
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Conclusions
© We need monetary diversity, even to stabilizethe conventional money system
(2) Complementary currencies make it possible
to flexibly adapt to the changes coming in the21st century
(3) Bitcoin and other crypto-currencies are part
of a systemic solution in an emerging
monetary ecosystem!
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Follow Up
• www.lietaer.com
• bernard@iietaer.com
• Articles in 4 different peer-reviewed journals
• => see www.lietaer.com/research