Transcript of Berlin 1945-1990 The History of Berlin: 1945-1990 you Why should you learn about the history of...
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- Berlin 1945-1990
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- The History of Berlin: 1945-1990 you Why should you learn about
the history of Berlin? to gain an appreciation of the German
culture and people, to better understand our own history and its
relation to Germany and because German history is fascinating!
Klicke hier!
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- Einleitung To navigate this presentation, you will need to use
the buttons below: This button will take you back to a previous
page or main topic page. This button will take you onto the next
page or a new topic in the presentation. This button will pop up an
English translation of the word and also plays an audio recording.
Click on the icon once to open the box; click on it again to close
it. Click on the audio icon in the box to listen to the recording.
Vorwrts It works! Rckwrts Vorwrts
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- Geistesblitz When you think of Berlin from 1945 to 1990, what
comes to mind? What to these words or phrases mean to you? Do you
recognize the these famous persons? Why are they important for this
time period? Vorwrts
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- List of sections. Timeline Timeline: This section outlines
historical events in Berlins history from 1945-1990. The Hows and
Whys of the Berlin Wall The Hows and Whys of the Berlin Wall: This
sections discusses why the Berlin Wall was built and its
consequences. Life behind the Wall Berliner Life behind the Wall:
This section will talk about daily life for East and West Berliner.
Glossary Glossary: This index provides English definitions of all
the German words, as well as a review activity to help you practice
using the words. Click on any topic to get started! Viel Spa und
viel Glck!Kapiteln der Berliner: a person from Berlin
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- In this section you will... experience German history first
hand! be guided through the years with this sidebar. Each year
features... pictures and or embedded videos. You can make the
pictures larger by clicking on them. You can make them smaller by
clicking again. Ampelmann an Ampelmann. You can click on this
little green man to learn some interesting facts about people or
events during the time. To navigate through this section... click
on button to go chronologically through Germany's history, or click
on any year in the sidebar to skip around Timeline Vorwrts Rckwrts
Hallo! Ich heie Ampelmann!
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- Occupation of Germany Following WWII Germany was occupied by
the Allies the USA, Great Britain and France and the Soviets. Both
Germany and Berlin were divided into four occupation zones (see
map). The Allies and Soviets disbanded the German military forces
and dissolved the Nazi regime. Vorwrts Rckwrts
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- In the four years following the war, Germany was kept as four
occupied zones. die Bundesrepublik Deutschland (BRD) American,
English and French troops eventually withdrew from Germany,
allowing Western Germany to establish their own country: die
Bundesrepublik Deutschland (BRD). However, American troops remained
in Berlin. die Deutsche Demokratiscke Republik (DDR) Shortly
thereafter, the Soviets established a country in Eastern Germany:
die Deutsche Demokratiscke Republik (DDR). Their troops remained in
both Eastern Germany and Berlin. Establishment of FRG &DDR The
first and only President was Wilhelm Pieck, 1949-1960. The first
Chairman was Walter Ulbricht, 1960- 1971. The first Chancellor of
Germany was Konrad Adenauer, 1949-1963. He founded the political
party the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). Vorwrts Rckwrts
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- Uprising on 17.June On June 17 workers in the GDR were so
unhappy with working conditions that they took to the streets. The
East German government in an attempt to stop the strike, sent tanks
and soldiers to stop the people. This is the most famous picture
from the 17.June.1953. It shows two young men throwing stones at
the tanks it an attempt to stop them. Vorwrts Rckwrts
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- Up until 1955 the GDR was controlled by the USSR. Although the
East German government was in power, they really had no powers. die
Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED) Before giving over
power, the Soviets had established a new political party die
Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED) which became the
controlling power in East Germany. There were other parties, but
none were able to make decisions or join the parliament like the
SED. GDR becomes a sovereign state Vorwrts Rckwrts This party was
created from a merging of the KDP and SPD the communist and
socialist parties of the Weimar Republic. This was the most
powerful party of the GDR.
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- Berlin Wall is built To stop the mass amounts of emigration
from Eastern Europe and Germany into Western Europe and Germany,
the East German government built the Berlin Wall. It was literally
built overnight on the night of August 13 and 14, the government
sent out soldiers and workers to build a wall separating the two
Berlins. This wall became a symbol of repression and division
throughout the world. Vorwrts Rckwrts
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- Confrontation at Checkpoint Charlie West German and Americans
were upset with the turn of events. They had hoped for a united
Germany. President John F. Kennedy asked American troops stationed
in West Berlin to go to where the wall was being built, in order to
ask the Soviets to stop. This led to a tense six-day standoff
between American and Soviet tanks. Eventually, the Americans stood
down and the wall was completed. When President Kennedy said Ich
bin ein Berliner he thought he was saying, I am a Berliner/I am
from Berlin, but what he really said was I am a doughnut. If he had
said Ich bin Berliner he would have been right! Remember, German
does not put the article ein before a profession or any predicate
nouns. For example: Ich bin Hamburger means I am from Hamburg but
Ich bin ein Hamburger means I am a hamburger. President JFK at the
Berlin Wall Vorwrts Rckwrts
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- Berlin Wall falls November 9, 1989 On November 9, 1989 the
Berlin Wall finally came down. For the first time in almost 20
years East Berliner could finally leave the East and visit family
in the West. The GDR was however, yet not dissolved. It remained
for another five months. President Ronald Reagan at the Brandenburg
Gate November 9 th is known as der Schicksalstag or Day of Fate in
Germany. Some very important events have occurred on this day.
Events that changed the course of German history. For example:
1848: The execution of Robert Blum after the Vienna Revolts. This
marked the end of revolt against the monarchies in German states.
1918: Within a few hours Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates his throne,
the German Empire is dissolved, Philip Schneidemann proclaimed a
Democratic Republic and Karl Liebknecht proclaimed a Socialist
Republic. This events set up what was to become the Weimar
Republic. ___ 1923: The Beer Hall Putsch led by Hilter occurs,
making the Nazi party a leading and powerful political power in
Germany. 1938: The Nazi party enacts Kristallnacht or Night of
Broken Glass, destroying synagogues and Jewish businesses
throughout Germany and killing more than 1.300 Jews. This marks the
official and open persecution of Jews in the Third Reich. 1989: The
fall of the Berlin Wall. Klicke hier! Vorwrts
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- German Reunification Five months after the fall of the Berlin
Wall the DDR is officially dissolved and the two Germanys are
reunited. In 2010 Germany celebrated 20 years of unification.
Vorwrts Rckwrts
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- Timeline Assessment Now it's time to see what you learned!
Click on the link to take a short quiz. When youve finished, return
to the main page by clicking
file:///C:/Users/Nicole/Documents/My%20Quiz/Proj
ects/Berliner%20Geschichte/quiz.html
file:///C:/Users/Nicole/Documents/My%20Quiz/Proj
ects/Berliner%20Geschichte/quiz.html Rckwrts
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- In this section you will: learn about events leading up to the
construction of the Berlin Wall learn about the consequences of
building the Berlin Wall for Germany and German people die Berliner
Mauer learn new German vocabulary related to die Berliner Mauer The
Hows and Whys of the Berlin Wall die Berliner Mauer: the Berlin
Wall Vorwrts Rckwrts
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- die Berliner Mauer Facts die Berliner Mauer die Berliner Mauer
was built in August 1961. Stadtgrenze It stretched for 46 km (or
around 30 miles) thats about 1/3 of the Stadtgrenze! Wachtrme
TodesstreifenSoldaten Offiziere Along the wall there were 116
Wachtrme, 450.000 square meters (or 1.5 million square feet) of
Todesstreifen and 100.000 Soldaten and Offiziere. 239 persons died
while fleeing. The Hows and Whys of the Berlin Wall die Grenze:
border der Wachturm: watch tower die Todesstreife: barbed wire der
Soldat: soldier der Offizier: officier Vorwrts
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- die Berliner Mauer What caused it to be built? die Berliner
Mauer gebaut Although die Berliner Mauer wasnt gebaut until 1961,
the plans to build were lain in 1945 die Bundesrepublik Deutschland
(BRD) die Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) gegrndet Remember,
in 1949 West Germany or die Bundesrepublik Deutschland (BRD) and
East Germany or die Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR) had been
gegrndet. The Hows and Whys of the Berlin Wall bauen: to build die
Bundesrepublik Deutschland: the Federal Republic of Germany die
Deutsche Demokratische Republik: the German Democratic Republic
grnden: to found, establish Vorwrts
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- die Berliner Mauer What caused it to be built? die
Bundesrepublik Deutschland (BRD) Thanks to the, business prospered
in die Bundesrepublik Deutschland (BRD). die Deutsche Demokratische
Republik (DDR) Sozialist Unfortunately, business was not as
successful in die Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR). Added to
that was the political oppression everyone was required to be a
Sozialist. flchtetendie DDR It was so bad that between 1949 and
1961 3.1 million people flchteten from die DDR. The Hows and Whys
of the Berlin Wall der Sozialist: person who is a socialist
flchten: to flee, escape The Marshall Plan was a loan the U.S.
government provided European countries to help them rebuild their
cities and repay their war debts. Marshall Plan Vorwrts
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- die Berliner Mauer What caused it to be built? Sowjeten
Tensions were not only high in Germany, but between the Americans
and Sowjeten as well. Bau der Berliner Mauer Some people view the
eventual Bau der Berliner Mauer as part of the political conflict
(i.e. the Cold War) between the USA and Soviet Russia not between
Eastern and Western Germany. The Hows and Whys of the Berlin Wall
der Sowjet: the Soviet Vorwrts
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- die Berliner Mauer What caused it to be built? die DDR sperrt
die Grenze Starting in 1952 die DDR sperrt die Grenze between East
and West but the border was not closed off in Berlin. Gesetzeslcke
flchteten This is created a Gesetzeslcke for Eastern Germans they
flchteten from the East through Berlin. Eastern German officials
were afraid of a Brain Drain 50.000 East Berliner were working in
West Berlin The East German government did not want the West to
have their workers or ideas. East Germany tried to put a stop to
this by: 1956 eliminating all travel to the West. 1957 implementing
a new passport law, which restricted refugees from leaving the
East. The Hows and Whys of the Berlin Wall sperren: to block off
die Gesetzslcke: the loophole Vorwrts
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- die Berliner Mauer When and how was it finally built? By July
1961 over 207.000 people had emigrated through Eastern Germany.
Significant lack of farmers, doctors and transportation workers;
verge of economic collapse. East Berlin had to put a stop to the
mass amounts of emigration. And so, on the night between August 13
and 14 the wall was built. Between 1961 and 1989 only 5.000 persons
left actually crossed the wall. The Hows and Whys of the Berlin
Wall Niemand hate den Absicht, eine Mauer zu bauen. Walter
Ulbricht, 1961. Vorwrts Klicke hier!
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- die Berliner Mauer What happened after it was built?
Republikflucht or fleeing from the East was considered a criminal
offense, punishable by imprisonment and/or fines. Soldaten Soldaten
were ordered to shoot to kill; this is why 239 people died
attempting to escape. Some famous defectors include: Condrad
Schumann in 1961 At age 19 he was one of the first guards on the
Berlin Wall. This photo of him is one of the most famous photos of
defection (see next page). Chris Gueffroy in 1989 He was the last
person to be shot and killed attempting to escape. He died only a
few months before der Fall der Berliner Mauer. He was actually the
second-to-last person to die, while attempting to escape. The Hows
and Whys of the Berlin Wall Vorwrts
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- Klicke hier! Condrad Schumann jumping over the newly built
wall. Chris Gueffroy, the last person to be shot and killed
attempting to escape over the Wall. East Berliner stopping at a
memorial for a person killed attempting to climb over the Wall. An
elderly woman escaping from her window. Her building was one of the
many surrounded by the Wall. East Berliner constructing what would
become the Wall. Vorwrts
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- The Hows and Whys of the Berlin Wall Do you want to learn more
about the wall? Visit these sites!
http://www.die-berliner-mauer.de/ http://www.berlin.de/tourismus/
http://www.berlinermaueronline.de/ Vorwrts
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- The Hows and Whys of the Berlin Wall Follow the link to take a
short vocabulary quiz. When youve finished return to the main page
by clicking file:///C:/Users/Nicole/Documents/My%20Qui
z/Projects/Berliner%20Wortschatz/quiz.html
file:///C:/Users/Nicole/Documents/My%20Qui
z/Projects/Berliner%20Wortschatz/quiz.html Rckwrts
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- Life Behind the Wall In this section you will... become
familiar with what life in East and West Berlin was like and be
able to describe differences between the two. Vorwrts Rckwrts
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- Geistesblitz Take a minute or two to think about the following
questions. Maybe write down a few ideas that you have. What do you
think life in East Berlin was like? How might it have differed from
West Berlin? Could it really have been so different? Vorwrts
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- Life Behind the Wall Below is a list of differences between the
two Berlins. Click on each one to learn a little bit more about the
differences: Politics Politics Food & drink Food & drink
Clothing Clothing Cars Cars Television Television After you have
read about the differences, click on to move on to the next
activity. Vorwrts
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- Politik Ost This was a socialist state. The official party was
the Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED). There were
elections, but these were not free. They were controlled by the
SED. West This was a democratic state. There was no official party,
instead like in modern Germany there were coalitions and majority
parties, but no one single controlling party. There were free
elections. Rckwrts
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- Lebensmitteln Ost Food and drink produced in the west or USA
were not sold in the East. People only bought products from Eastern
Germany or the Soviet bloc. West This was a free economy. People
could buy products from anywhere in the world. There was more
variety to choose from. Rckwrts
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- Klamotten Ost Because East Berliner could only purchase
products from the East, there was a sort of one- size-fits-all
policy. They reflected practicality and standardization. East
Berlin clothes were not military related. West The West Berliner
were more free in their choice of clothes. They could follow
fashion trends, like hippie (60s), disco (70s) and punk (80s).
Rckwrts
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- Autos Ost Only one car was available in the East: Trabant or
Trabi. People had to wait four years to get a Trabant and wasnt a
very good car. West German cars are world renowned for their
engineering and style. These include: Audi, BMW, Mercedes-Benz,
Porsche and Volkswagen. Hi! My name is Ampelmann! I originally come
from East Berlin. I was invented to help children know when to use
crosswalks. Arent I cute? Thats part of my appeal I was made that
way on purpose. After reunification of Germany, West Berliner
wanted to get rid of me, but I persevered! Today, I am one of the
most well-known symbols of Berlin and can be found in souvenir
shops all over the city. Theres also an Ampelfrau and roter
Ampelmann. Hi! My name is Ampelmann! I originally come from East
Berlin. I was invented to help children know when to use
crosswalks. Arent I cute? Thats part of my appeal I was made that
way on purpose. After reunification of Germany, West Berliner
wanted to get rid of me, but I persevered! Today, I am one of the
most well-known symbols of Berlin and can be found in souvenir
shops all over the city. Theres also an Ampelfrau and roter
Ampelmann. Rckwrts
- Slide 35
- Fernsehen Ost Deutscher Fernsehfunk (DFF) was the state
television broadcaster. It was used as a tool of propaganda to
convince citizens of the benefits of Socialism. Broadcasts from
Western Berlin were jammed. West National broadcasters then and now
include: ARD ZDF RTL ProSieben Each of these national broadcasters
have local broadcasting as well. For example, NDR, Radio Bremen,
etc. Rckwrts
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- Life Behind the Wall Watch the clips from Goodbye Lenin! and
relate them to what you have learned. What do you notice about life
in East Berlin? What changes occur after the fall of the Wall?
Write down at least five differences or interesting scenes!
Vorwrts
- Slide 37
- Life Behind the Wall If you were a citizen of East Berlin, what
would you write on the wall? Write down a phrase or words in the
text box that would describe how you would have felt. After you
finish, raise your hand, so that your instructor can view it.
Rckwrts
- Slide 38
- Wrterbuch der/die Berliner: der/die Berliner: a person from
Berlin Ich bin Berliner I am from Berlin. Ich bin ein Berliner I am
a jelly doughnut. die Berliner Mauer: die Berliner Mauer: the
Berlin Wall die Bundesrepublik Deutschland: die Bundesrepublik
Deutschland: the Federal Republic of Germany die Deutsche
Demokratische Republik: die Deutsche Demokratische Republik: the
German Democratic Republic die Gesetzeslcke: die Gesetzeslcke: the
loophole der Offizier (-e): der Offizier (-e): the officer der
Soldat (-n): der Soldat (-n): the soldier der Sowjet (-en): der
Sowjet (-en): the Soviet der Sozialist (-en): der Sozialist (-en):
the Socialist (person) die Todesstreife (-n): die Todesstreife
(-n): the barbed wire der Wachturm (- e): der Wachturm (- e): the
watch tower bauen bauen (baute, gebaut): to build, construct
flchten flchten (flchtete, geflchtet): to flee, escape grnden
grnden (grndete, gegrdet): to found, establish sperren sperren
(sperrte, gesperrt): to block off Rckwrts