Post on 26-Aug-2020
Benchmarking and Needs for Data
Fermilab Accelerator Physics Center
Nikolai Mokhov
Fermilab
JASMIN Collaboration Meeting
Fermilab
February 16, 2012
Outline
• Benchmarking Activities
• JASMIN
• Issues
• Recent Code Developments
• Data Needs
JASMIN Collaboration, Fermilab, Feb. 16, 2012 Benchmarking and Data Needs - N.V. Mokhov 2
JASMIN Collaboration, Fermilab, Feb. 16, 2012 Benchmarking and Data Needs - N.V. Mokhov 3
Concrete, 80cm 120-GeV p/p on CERF Cu-Target:
Courtesy: S. Roesler & N. Nakao
JASMIN Collaboration, Fermilab, Feb. 16, 2012 Benchmarking and Data Needs - N.V. Mokhov 4
Concrete, 80cm 120-GeV p/p on CERF Cu-Target:
Courtesy: S. Roesler & N. Nakao
JASMIN Collaboration, Fermilab, Feb. 16, 2012 Benchmarking and Data Needs - N.V. Mokhov 5
Iron, 40cm 120-GeV p/p on CERF Cu-Target:
Courtesy: S. Roesler & N. Nakao
JASMIN Collaboration, Fermilab, Feb. 16, 2012 6 Benchmarking and Data Needs - N.V. Mokhov
Scale should be 10o to 104 MeV, not 10-0 to 10-4 as in NIM_A562_2006
JASMIN Collaboration, Fermilab, Feb. 16, 2012 Benchmarking and Data Needs - N.V. Mokhov 7
Photo-Neutron Yields from Thick Targets for 2-GeV e-
Courtesy H.S. Lee & T. Sanami
JASMIN Collaboration, Fermilab, Feb. 16, 2012 Benchmarking and Data Needs - N.V. Mokhov 8
BENCHMARKING AT KEK: EP1 LABYRINTH
0 1000 200010-20
10-19
10-18
10-17
10-16
10-15
10-14
10-13
10-12
Distance from Target (cm)T
otal
Dos
e (m
Sv/
p)
EP1 Labyrinth Experiment500μm Cu Target
Experiment Data neutron+gamma BG correction (On-Off)
MARS15: Total Dose
12GeV-P Q1 Q2
500μm Cu
④ ⑤ ⑥
⑦
Courtesy: Takenori Suzuki
JASMIN Collaboration, Fermilab, Feb. 16, 2012 Benchmarking and Data Needs - N.V. Mokhov 9
12-GeV K2K TARGET STATION
Courtesy: T. Suzuki and H. Matsumura
1 9
Nine gold foil samples over 12 meters
Use of LAQGSM mode above 3 GeV
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Res
idu
al D
ose
Rate
/ m
Sv/h
Distance from the Top (Access Gallery) / mm
Measurement/FLUKA Comparison after Detailed Pit Survey Measurements 01.11.2007
Detailed Measurements
FLUKA New Simulations
FLUKA
Simulation Upper Shaft
Lower Shaft
Target
Decay-Tube
Container
Target
Decay-Tube
Lower Shaft Upper Shaft
Inside the pit: using a laser attached to the crane to control
the position of the remote detector (attached to the hook)
Activation: Benchmarks, benchmarks, benchmarks Elias Lebbos for CERN nToF
JASMIN Collaboration, Fermilab, Feb. 16, 2012 10 Benchmarking and Data Needs - N.V. Mokhov
JASMIN Collaboration, Fermilab, Feb. 16, 2012 Benchmarking and Data Needs - N.V. Mokhov 11
SHIELDING AND RADIATION EFFECT EXPERIMENT
20 30 40 50 6010-37
10-36
10-35
10-34
10-33
10-32
Product mass number
Mas
s y
ield
s (1
/ato
m/p
roto
n)
Cu
Alcove-1
10 cm
1 m
Target
8 GeV μ+
MARS15 vs data by H. Matsumura
JASMIN Japan-FNAL Collaboration: Shielding and Radiation Effect Experiments at FNAL T-972 (2007-2009) T-993 and T-994 (2009-2012) Shielding data and code benchmarking; targets, collimators and thick shields; radiation effects on instruments and materials
Example: Muon-induced nuclide production
JASMIN Collaboration, Fermilab, Feb. 16, 2012
JASMIN: MARS15 vs NuMI Data
12 Benchmarking and Data Needs - N.V. Mokhov
JASMIN Collaboration, Fermilab, Feb. 16, 2012
MARS vs FLUKA for 10 GeV/c p on Beam Dump
13 Benchmarking and Data Needs - N.V. Mokhov
2-m long radial sandwich cylinder
50 < z < 100 cm
n
g n
Ch.h
Benchmarking and Data Needs - N.V. Mokhov 14
Deep penetration
JASMIN Collaboration, Fermilab, Feb. 16, 2012
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
209Bi(n,4n)206Bi2.83GeV, Steel
MCNPX(SATIF-9)
PHITS(SATIF-9)Geant4(SATIF-10)FLUKA(SATIF-10)
MARS(SATIF-10)
Calc
./ E
xpt.
Steel Thickness (cm)
Range of
Experimental Error
Agreement within a factor of 2, but systematic deviation to be resolved
Benchmarking and Data Needs - N.V. Mokhov 15
Code Benchmarking: Hadrons
Neutron production and propagation: reasonably well understood by most codes (with some caveats)
Deep penetration: in general well predicted, further benchmarks welcome
Residual nuclei predictions: huge steps forward in the last 10+ years, still a lot of work… new data/comparisons welcome for both thin and thick targets. Special cases (eg production of rare isotopes through (,x) reactions by secondary ’s) sometimes interesting/critical data welcome
Light (composite) charged particle production: a big challenge, it could be relevant also for radioprotection purposes
Photonuclear reactions/data: Not too much data available at medium/high energies… new data welcome
JASMIN Collaboration, Fermilab, Feb. 16, 2012
Benchmarking and Data Needs - N.V. Mokhov 16
Code Benchmarking: (/d/t,x) Reactions
JASMIN Collaboration, Fermilab, Feb. 16, 2012
400 MeV/u carbon ions on iron at HIMAC by T. Ogawa
Benchmarking and Data Needs - N.V. Mokhov 17
Code Benchmarking: Heavy Ions
Neutron production: many experiments (mostly by Japanese groups), significant room for improvements in codes (eg forward angles), almost no data available above 1 GeV/n
Projectile fragmentation: very important for therapy and not only. All data/benchmarking welcome (the FIRST experiment at GSI should provide data in the next future)
A lot of interesting data from GSI/FAIR, with also some unexpected challenges (ranges…). Radionuclide production distributions of great interest
In general all sort of data for heavy ions are welcome
JASMIN Collaboration, Fermilab, Feb. 16, 2012
JASMIN Collaboration, Fermilab, Feb. 16, 2012 Benchmarking and Data Needs - N.V. Mokhov 18
Low-Energy Nucleon Production in MARS15
7.5 GeV/c protons on C, Cu, Pb and U
JASMIN Collaboration, Fermilab, Feb. 16, 2012 Benchmarking and Data Needs - N.V. Mokhov 19
Code Status and Developments (1)
• Current FLUKA, MARS and PHITS agree with each other and data within a factor of 2 for most radiation values, IF all details of geometry, materials composition and source term are taken into account. Note, PHITS disagrees with newest JASMIN neutron data by up to a factor of 6: need to understand; add MARS to this benchmarking!
• Developments in the intermediate beam energy region 1 < Ep < 8 GeV (crucial for ALL intensity frontier applications), as well as at Ep=1-30 MeV. Further intensification of variance reduction technique use, especially for thick shielding (“deep penetration problem”), growing computation power is not a panacea.
JASMIN Collaboration, Fermilab, Feb. 16, 2012 Benchmarking and Data Needs - N.V. Mokhov 20
Code Status and Developments (2)
• Codes described are under continuous development, driven by application needs and discrepancies revealed in benchmarking
• Recently in PHITS: improved DPA model
• Recently in MARS15: stopped nuclides followed by decay and transmutation; ALL particles, photons and nuclei can be transported down to 1 keV (0.001 eV for neutrons), with improved modeling of dE/dx and DPA in mixtures; enhanced geometry and visualization; substantially extended scoring; work in progress on event generators at intermediate energies
JASMIN Collaboration, Fermilab, Feb. 16, 2012 Benchmarking and Data Needs - N.V. Mokhov 21
Needs for Data
• High-Intensity Frontier challenges
• Problems revealed in code benchmarking
• Unique capabilities of JASMIN
JASMIN Collaboration, Fermilab, Feb. 16, 2012 Benchmarking and Data Needs - N.V. Mokhov 22
Needs for Data
1. Energy spectra of neutrons (down to thermal), protons and pions
2. Thick shielding (“Deep penetration problem”)
3. Particle yields from thick targets (TTY), especially at Ep = 2 – 8 GeV
4. Nuclide production, including muon-induced
5. Spatial distribution of residual dose rates
6. Radiation damage: targets, insulation, superconducting and structural materials, electronics
7. All of the above for heavy ion beams