BELL WORK

Do you have asthma or are you allergic to anything?

NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

ALLERGY AND ASTHMA

OBJECTIVES

describe how to manage an allergic reaction.

explain what happens during an asthma attack.

identify ways to manage asthma.

ALLERGIES

When a person has an allergy, his or her immune system may react to a harmless substance.allergy An extreme sensitivity to a substance

ALLERGEN

When an allergen enters or comes in contact with a person’s body, the immune system reacts as though it were harmful.allergen Substances that cause allergic reactions

POLLEN

Every day, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency measures the amount of pollen in the air.pollen A powdery substance released by the flowers of some plants

COMMON ALLERGENS

CommonAllergens

Pollen Insect bitesor stings

Food Plants

HISTAMINES

Allergens bind to white blood cells called lymphocytes, which then release histamineshistamines Chemicals in the body that cause the symptoms of the allergic reaction

HIVES

Some people get hives as a reaction to an allergen.hives Raised bumps on the skin that are very itchy

RESPONSE TO ALLERGENS

Body Responses to Allergens

Eyes Throat Skin

redden, itch, water,eyelids swell difficulty swallowing redness, rash,

hives, itching

Respiratory System Digestive System

runny nose, sneezing,coughing, difficulty

breathing

pain, cramps,diarrhea, nausea

ANTIHISTAMINES

The three basic ways to manage allergies are:• Avoid the allergen• Take medications, such as antihistamines• Get injectionsantihistamines Medicines that help control the

effects triggered by histamines

ASTHMAMore than 20 million people in the United States have asthma.asthma A condition in which the small airways in the lungs narrow, making breathing difficultSome people outgrow their asthma, while others develop the disease in adulthood.

ASTHMA ATTACK

An Asthma Attack

Healthy bronchial tubes are clear and open. Air passes easily through them to fill tiny air sacs in the lungs.

During an asthma attack, muscles around the bronchial tubes tighten. The tubes narrow and their inner lining swells. Excess mucus clogs airways, making breathing difficult.

ASTHMA TRIGGERS

Asthma Triggers

TobaccoSmoke Air Pollution Animal

Dander Cold Air

StrenuousPhysicalActivity

StrongEmotions Stress

CARE FOR ASTHMA

Strategies for managing asthma include:• Manage the environment• Manage stress• Take medication

– Bronchodilators

bronchodilators Reliever medications used to relax the muscles around the air passages