Bell Ringer

Some contemporary thinkers argue that the goal of controlling nature has done a lot of harm to the world? What might they have in mind?

THE ENLIGHTENMENT

10-2 A: Path to the Enlightenment

What is the Enlightenment??? A movement of thinkers who

believed that science could explain everything in nature.

They talked a lot about reason, natural law, hope and progress.

Encouraged people to use science to explore nature and to question what they had always accepted without questioning.

People began to participate in govt. and to rethink old ideas like feudalism, etc….

Negative Side of the Enlightenment Many of the thinkers were atheists, who

did not believe in god They often attacked religion and the faithful Many were also bloodthirsty in attempting

to reach their goals The French Revolution and the "Reign of

Terror" were two episodes of history that ended the period known as the Enlightenment. 

Path to the Enlightenment

Enlightenment philosophers believed that society was governed by natural law…

MUCH LIKE WHO??? Enlightenment thinkers hoped to discover with

the scientific method the laws that all institutions should follow to produce the ideal society.

Change was inevitable

Europeans were changing, but Europe's institutions were not keeping up.

The Church insisted that it was the only source of truth.

Writers and speakers were afraid to speak their beliefs because of their harsh penalties.

John Locke…A Review

Two Treatises of Government Locke believes a Monarch’s power comes from the people

The people obey the government’s laws and the government protects the people’s rights- Natural Rights as humans

Revolution is justified then, if …

John Locke

His theory greatly influenced Enlightenment thinkers.

Argued the people were born with a mind that is tabula rasa:tabula rasa: Blank slate

This meant that the right influences could create a new kind of society by creating a new way of understanding.

Philosophes and Their Ideas

Assignment:

Bell Ringer

What were some of John Locke’s theories?

Do you agree with him? Why or Why Not?

Give some examples of how his philosophies have shaped the United States.

THE ENLIGHTENMENT PHILOSOPHES

10-2B

The Three Greatest French Philosophes

Montesquieu

A.K.A: Charles-Louis de Secondat, the Baron de Montesquieu

Studied governments to find the natural laws governing social and political relationships.

Identified 3 types of government:1. Republics2. Despotism3. Monarchies

Montesquieu’s Analysis

Voltaire

Deism

Championed by Voltaire Religious philosophy based on reason

and natural law. Belief that the world is like a clock that

God created and set according to his natural laws, and will let run without intervention.

Diderot

Most important contribution was the Encyclopedia, or Classified Dictionary of the Sciences, Arts, and Trade.

Goal was to change the “general” way of thinking.

The encyclopedia spread the ideas of the Enlightenment.

Thomas Hobbes

Toward a New Social Science

The Wealth of Nations

Written by Adam Smith Said the Gov’t had only three legitimate

functions:1. Protecting it’s citizens (Army)2. Defending it’s citizens from harm (Police)3. Maintaining Public Works

- ex: roads, canals, bridges, etc….

Cesare Beccaria

Argued that punishments should not be exercised in brutality.

Against capital punishment Believed it to be absurd to punish a

murderer by murderingWHAT DO YOU BELIEVE?-An Eye for an Eye???

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Believed that “man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains.”

Wrote Social Contract: Gov’t is contract between people &

rulers. Gov’t must be what people want.

Rousseau’s Beliefs

Argued that education should nurture, not restrict. Believed emotions + reason = well

balanced development Despite what he preached:

His children were sent to orphanages. He believed women were inferior to men.

Political Cartoon

Create a Political Cartoon about any on of the Enlightenment thinkers discussed in class!!!

It must be persuasive!!! Examples: Isaac Newton, Thomas Hobbes,

John Locke, Diderot, etc……

Worth 25 Points!!!!!Worth 25 Points!!!!!

Example of a Political Cartoon