Behavior Based Safety

(rev. 8/04)

Joint Safety and Operations Think Tank

3,000NEAR MISSES OR FIRST AID

30,000 HAZARDSUnsafe acts-Unsafe conditions

1 FATAL

30 MAJORS(DisablingAccidents)

300RECORDABLE ACCIDENTS(Off Work, limited work and nolost time)

What is Behavior-Based Safety?

• Focuses on at-risk behaviors that can lead to injury

• Focuses on safe behaviors that can contribute to injury prevention

• BBS is an injury prevention process

1b

The Safety Triad

4a

Behavior Based Safety

SafeStart JSA

Observations/FeedbackBehavior Awareness Training

Pre-Task/JSA Training Observation Training

Data collection Employee ownership

Action PlanProcess Improvement

The BBS Process

• Advanced Safety Awareness Training– SafeStart

• Job Task Analysis /Job Safety Analysis (JSA)– Job task sequence/hazards for each step/how to

eliminate each hazard.

• Behavioral Observations– Observe job task looking at safe and at-risk actions

– Entered into data base/reports reviewed and action plans developed.

There are 3 types of at-risk behavior:

•conscious behavior •habitual behavior •unintentional behavior

BBS is about unintentional behavior and habitual behavior.

To be more specific, it's about how to prevent mistakes or errors you never wanted to make in the first place.

THE CONCEPTS OF BBS CAN BE APPLIED

ANYWHERE!!!

• While Driving

• At Home

• At Work

Reality is… the majority of the Reality is… the majority of the time our own time our own Bad HabitsBad Habits and/or our and/or our Lack Of Lack Of Thinking Things Thinking Things ThroughThrough

Cause us to get hurt!!!Cause us to get hurt!!! E

With ...

BBS• Rushing

• Frustration

• Fatigue

• ComplacencyUnit 1

CAN CAUSE OR

CONTRIBUTE TO THESE “4 CRITICAL ERRORS” Eyes not on Task

Mind not on Task

Line - of - Fire

Balance/Traction/Grip Unit 1

INCREASING THE RISK OF INJURY!!

Rushing

Frustration

Fatigue

Complacency

Eyes not on Task

Mind not on Task

Line - of - Fire

Balance/Traction/Grip

++

• Has rushing ever been a factor in an injury or close call?

• Have you ever or almost fallen asleep while driving your motor vehicle?

• Have you almost or been hit by another car because the driver didn’t see you?

• How many of you have almost hit another car because you didn’t see it?

Unit 1

BBS

Practice: Recognizing the

patterns (states to errors) you experience..

Unit 1 E

BBS

Critical Error Reduction by Triggering on States.

• Be aware of the state you may be in so corrective actions can be made.

• Slow down if possible.

• Plan the job task to increase efficiency and hazard awareness.

• Think about what you are doing, concentrate on the task at hand.

Scenario

• Relate an incident in the state to error context and share with group.

(divide into groups)

INCREASING THE RISK OF INJURY!!

Rushing

Frustration

Fatigue

Complacency

Eyes not on Task

Mind not on Task

Line - of - Fire

Balance/Traction/Grip

++

Unit 1

Job Safety Analysis

• Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is based on the following ideas: – That a specific job or work

assignment can be separated into a series of relatively simple steps.

– That hazards associated with each step can be identified.

– That solutions can be developed to control each hazard.

Job safety analysis four basic steps:

• Select the job to be analyzed. • Separate the job into its basic

steps. • Identify the hazards associated

with each step. • Control each hazard.

Pre-Task / JSA

• When are performing JSA’s required?

• Cards may be used for JSA or Observation or both.

• PRACTICE EXERCISE

Behavior

• Observable Action– Safe Behavior– At-risk Behavior

• Measurable

• Causes most accidents

• Consequences motivate change

Observation and Feedback

• Observation and feedback goals:– Create a situation where employees will

consciously practice safe behaviors.– Reinforce safe behaviors.– Correct worker when at-risk behaviors are

observed.– Through feedback look for the cause of at-risk

behaviors; consciousness, facility/equipment, disagreement, personal choice, etc.

Observation and Feedback Cont.

• Follow standard procedures for all observations.

• Observations should be brief but thorough.

• Focus on actions, showing respect and genuine concern for worker being observed.

• Keep information confidential, not a disciplinary tool.

Observation Procedures

• Familiarize yourself with the work area and project observing.

• Ask permission to observe.• Observe task, looking at safe work

practices listed on the observation cards.• Immediately correct any imminent

danger situations.– Stop the job and discuss the concerns.

Observation Procedures Cont.

• At the completion of the observation give feedback.– Positively reinforce safe practices.

– Give corrective feedback.

• Record barriers found that may produce at-risk behaviors.

• For self observations; Plan ahead and record observations immediately after task.

Feedback

• After observation stop the job for a short discussion.

• Give positive feedback for safe work practices.• Give corrective feedback:

– Why at-risk practice was used?– Ask if another method, using safe practices, could be

used.– Offer ideas. – Review comments recorded on observation cards with

employee.

Feedback Cont.

• Thank employee for allowing the observation.

• Assure the observed employee that the process is confidential and is not used for disciplinary actions.

Feedback / Resistance

• Remember participation is voluntary.

• Listen to disagreements.

• Respect their position and find points you can agree on.

• You may not have all the answers! Don’t act like you do.

Observation Form

• BBS observation types

• BBS observation form instructions

• Barrier codes

• Comments

• How many observations are expected?

Practice exercise: Mock or walk into shop for actual sample observation. Complete including feedback.

Data Analysis / Reports

• Cards are collected (or JSA/BSO sheets are faxed) and sent to the Region office.

• A BBS file will be available on the “H” drive for observation data entry.

• Reports will be generated at-risk behavior analysis and to initiate action planning.

SummaryBehavior-based safety

• Reflects a proactive approach to safety and health management

• Reflects a proactive approach to injury prevention

9a

SummaryBehavior-based safety

• Focuses on at-risk behaviors that can lead to injury

• Focuses on safe behaviors that can contribute to injury prevention

• Is an injury prevention process

9b