Post on 15-Jan-2016
Beginning the world as we know it.
Reading for Next Quiz
Cracking – 213-220 Fast Track – 286-291, 303-304 Text – 599-618
Bonus- How did war invent the pencil? Text page 576
Before the IR, there were 3 sources of power: Muscle, wind, water
Each had + and - : Muscle: works anywhere, but expensive and tires
easily Wind: free, but undependable Water: constant output, but must be on a river
“If only we could combine the advantages and minimize the costs, think of how much work we could get done…”
The first artificially powered engine Could run 24hr/d Useable anywhere Needed a constant supply of fuel (usually coal)
Credited to James Watt, 1775 First used in mining, then textiles,
transportation Kicks off the Industrial Revolution
Biggest change for humans since the Agricultural Rev
18001800 1 ton of coal 50, 000 miners
18501850 30 tons 200, 000 miners
18801880300 million tons
500, 000 miners
19141914250 million tons
1, 200, 000 miners
Coal Mining in Britain:
1800-1914
Coal Mining in Britain:
1800-1914
Social People moving country to city, farm to factory Rich richer, poor poorer Expanded middle class
Economic Production moves from small shops to factories More products at lower prices
Environmental Increased mining, deforestation, air pollution
(new) Technological
Automated machines, rapid transportation and communication
Factory ProductionFactory Production) Concentrates production in oneConcentrates production in one
place [materials, labor].place [materials, labor].
) Located near sources of power Located near sources of power [rather than labor or markets].[rather than labor or markets].
) Owning requires a lot of capital Owning requires a lot of capital investment [factory, machines, investment [factory, machines, etc]etc]
Textile FactoryWorkers in England
Textile FactoryWorkers in England
18131813 2400 looms 150, 000 workers
18331833 85, 000 looms 200, 000 workers
18501850 224, 000 looms >1 million workers
The Factory SystemThe Factory System
× Rigid schedule, 12-14 hour day.Rigid schedule, 12-14 hour day.
× Dangerous conditions.Dangerous conditions.
× Mind-numbing monotony.Mind-numbing monotony.
Textile Factory Workers in England
Textile Factory Workers in England
Industrialization By 1850
Industrialization By 1850
The Impact of the RailroadThe Impact of the Railroad
World Manufacturing Output: 1750-1900
World Manufacturing Output: 1750-1900