Post on 16-Jul-2015
Basic Radiology for Non Radiologist
Dr. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar
PGR II SIMS/SHL
AIMS
• Introduction and basics of
– Plain Radiography (Chest X-Rays)
– CT Scan
– MR Imaging
Chest X-Rays
• Patent ID and date
• Projection----PA/AP/LAT
• Centering----Rotated /Non-rotated
• Exposure----Adequate /Poor
• Inspiratory effort
A The cardiomediastinal contour is significantly magnified on this AP film. This needs to be appreciated and not overcalled.
B On the PA film, taken only an hour later, the mediastinum appears normal.
Lateral View
• A well centred x-ray. Medial ends of clavicles are equidistant from the spinous process.
• This patient is rotated to the left. Note the spinous process is close to the right clavicle and the left lung is ‘blacker’ than the right, due to the rotation.
Exposure
• The cardiothoracic ratio should be less than 0.5.• i.e. A/B<0.5.• A cardiothoracic ratio of greater than 0.5 (in a good quality
film) suggests cardiomegaly.
Hilar Contour
Normal chestx-ray
Lobes and Fissures
RUL
LUL
RLL
RML
LLL
Left Lateral View Right Lateral View
LUL
LLL
RUL
RML
RLL
http://www.wikiradiography.com/page/Chest+Radiographic+Anatomy
Cervical Rib
Pleural Effusion
Lobulated pleural effusion
Subpulmonic pleural effusion
• Bronchiectasis. There is widespread bronchial wall abnormality in both lungs, but particularly in the right lung. In the right lower zone, there is marked bronchial wall thickening (remember that the normal bronchial wall should be ‘pencil line’ thin) with ‘tram lines’ visible.
• Carcinoma with rib destruction. Dense opacification of the left upper lobe with associated destruction of the left second and third anterior ribs.
• Left Hilar Mass
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The lungs are hyperinflated with flattening of both hemidiaphragms. On the lateral view, the chest appears ‘barrel-shaped’ due to an increase in the retro-sternalair space.
Emphysema
Bulla
Asthma
Post traumatic DH Congenital
• Flail chest – case 2. Double fractures of the left posterior fifth and sixth ribs.
• Simple pneumothorax. The right lung edge is faintly visible on the inspiratory film. However, the pneumothorax becomes clearly evident on the expiratory film.
Tension pneumothorax
TB
Miliary TB
Retrosternal Goiter
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
CT Brain
ICH
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Subdural Hematoma
Extradural Hematoma
Infarction
Pneumocephalous
SOL
Disc Prolapse
Disc Herniation
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