Post on 14-Jan-2017
Foot Anatomy and Foot Foot Anatomy and Foot MechanicsMechanics
Session ContentSession Content1. Familiarization with Foot
Anatomy2. Familiarization with Foot
Mechanics3. Basics of Measuring Foot Size4. Size Systems 5. Shoe Fitting
Foot Anatomy and
Foot Mechanics
Foot KnowledgeFoot Knowledge• Feet bear the full weight of the
body and as such are the foundation of the body
• On average a person can take up to 18,000 steps per day
• A 70 year old person will have walked in their lifetime, an average distance equivalent to walking around the world 3 times
Foot AnatomyFoot AnatomyThe skeleton of the foot is made up of 26 bones.
TARSUS – heel of the foot•Consists of 7 irregularly shaped bones at the back of the foot
METATARSUS – middle of the foot•Consists of 5 long bones along the middle of the foot.
PHALANGES – toes•Consists of 14 short bones that form the toes
Foot AnantomyFoot AnantomyThe skeleton of the foot is made up of 26 bones.
BALL ARCH
Inputs required from Mr. Sadhu
Foot AnatomyFoot Anatomy1. The main joints of the foot are:2. Ankle Joint – a hinge joint3. Sub Taler – a gliding joint 4. Mid Tarsal – a gliding & ball-and-
socket joint
5. The skeleton of the foot is held together by:
6. 109 ligaments 7. 32 Muscles and tendons (for
movement)
Types of FeetTypes of Feet
• ECTOMORPHIC – Long and thin
• MESOMORPHIC – Muscular and heavy boned
• ENDOMORPHIC – Small bones and fleshy
Normal & Normal & Abnormal FootAbnormal Foot
Change in foot Change in foot dimensionsdimensions
While Weight Bearing• The foot becomes longer• It also becomes wider
across the ball.• The heel becomes wider
and arch lower
On an average foot increase by approx. 5% (in volume) by the night. The percentage can increase in warm weather and decrease in cold weather
Measuring Foot size
Measuring Foot Measuring Foot sizesize
Standing1. Measure both feet2. Measure the longest
toe3. Always measure the
foot size from the foot not from the shoe
Measuring Foot Measuring Foot sizesize
Sitting 1. The foot must be correctly positioned
in the foot gauge2. The stool must be in line with the leg3. The heel must be right back to the
pillar4. The angle between the leg and foot
must be 90 degrees5. The foot must be correctly aligned
VISUAL OF SCALE
Sizing
Size ChartsSize Charts
Revolutions
Mens Womens Kids
English French
Two commonly accepted size systems : English : Measured in inches eg. Mens size
8 = 11 inchesFrench : Measured in centimeters eg. Mens size 42 = 28 cms
Size Conversion Size Conversion ChartChart
English CAT SCALE 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48CHILD 2-5 2 3 4 5
CHILD 5-8 5 6 7 8
CHILD 9-12 9 10 11 12
CHILD 11-1 11 12 13 1
TEEN 2-5 2 3 4 5
LADIES 3-8 3 4 5 6 7 8
GENTS 6-13 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
French
• Between two French Sizes the difference in length is 2/3rd of a cms. or 0.66 cms
• Between two English Sizes the difference in length is 1/3rd of an inch or 0.846 centimeters
Blank corresponding to French Size
Shoe Fitting
Check points while Check points while fitting a shoefitting a shoe
1. For what activity will the shoe be worn ?
2. Where will the shoe be worn ?
3. Any extreme variations in temperature?
4. How long will the customer wear the shoe at a stretch?
5. Style Preference ?
Shoe Fitting Shoe Fitting PointersPointers
• Measure both feet. No two feet are the same size. Fit shoes for the larger foot
• Ask customer to wiggle toes in the shoes. If he/ she can’t, the shoes are probably too small. 3/8" to 1/2" of space between your longest toe and the end of the shoe is recommended
Shoe Fitting Shoe Fitting PointersPointers
• Ask the customer to walk around the store to ensure a comfortable fit before buying
• Ask the customer to walk on different floor surfaces (available in store) prior to buying
• Provide customer with socks to try on shoes with which he/ she will wear them
Check points while Check points while fitting a shoefitting a shoe
• Mr. Sadhu
Shoe fitting forShoe fitting forChildrenChildren
1. Ill- fitting shoes can damage children’s feet. Harm can be done without causing pain to the child.
2. Extreme caution to be exercised while fitting a shoe for a child
3. Complete freedom of movement is essential in a childs shoe
Shoe fitting forShoe fitting forAbnormal feetAbnormal feet
Mr. Sadhu
• High arch• Low Arch• Flat foot
Shoe fitting forShoe fitting forAbnormal feetAbnormal feet
Mr. Sadhu
• High arch• Low Arch• Flat foot• Hammer Toe• Ingrown Toenails
Shoe fitting forShoe fitting forfeet with minor foot feet with minor foot
ailmentsailmentsDISORDER CAUSE SUGGESTION
Blistera bubble on the skin filled with fluid Caused by friction in socks or shoes that are loose
and slip aroundCorrect sizing of the shoe
Cornhard thickening of the skin that has a central core where pressure is severe
Excess pressure or friction usually due to footwear that is too tight
Correct sizing of the shoe
Bunioninflammation and swelling on the side of a joint Prolonged compression of the toes in a short shoe Shoes that come in various width sizes
Ingrown Toenailtoenail grows into the skin and flesh Pressure on the nails from crowding of toes or too
short shoes or hosieryCorrect sizing of the shoe
Hammer Toejoint of the toe is permanently bent downward Shoe too short or narrow pointed shoes Correct sizing of the shoe
High In-step or High Arch Congenital Tendency Very good arch support or motion control athletic shoes
DISORDER CAUSE SUGGESTION
Bunion Hammertoes
Worn Shoe Worn Shoe EvaluationEvaluation
Some people “age” their shoes prematurely. The cause can be the foot, the fit, the shoe or all
three.
Worn Shoe Worn Shoe Evaluation at Evaluation at RevolutionsRevolutions1. Evaluate worn shoe
2. Assess if ‘age’/ wear and tear is due to – FIT– SHOE
1. If yes, inform the customer of the shoe wear and tear due to appropriate fit/ shoe
2. Recommend a more appropriate fit or shoe to the customer
Worn Shoe Worn Shoe EvaluationEvaluation
1. Wear on the sole should be even2. If the wear is forward, then the shoe is
too short3. If the shoe is worn on the outside edge
or the inside, then the shoe is too narrow or the person leans outwards or inwards
4. If the toe of the shoe is turning up then the shoe is too long
PICTURES
Worn Shoe Worn Shoe EvaluationEvaluation
1. Normally the vamp will not develop excessive wrinkles or creases, nor it will have pronounced indications of each of the toes
2. A shoe that is too wide will develop large creases or folds across the vamp
3. A shoe that has toes impressions on vamp is too short or too narrow, or made on the last which isn’t appropriate
PICTURES
Same Size Same Size Different Foot Different Foot
ShapeShape
Check List for Check List for Assessing Shoe FitAssessing Shoe Fit
• Shoe Length– Leave 3/8” to
1/2” between longest toe and end of the shoe.
– Space for the fourth and fifth toe
Disorders of Foot Disorders of Foot which affect which affect
FootwearFootwear
Check List for Check List for Assessing Shoe FitAssessing Shoe Fit
• Heel to Ball (Arch Length)– Joint of the big toe fits into ball “pocket”
of shoe.• Ball to Toe
– Shoe is not too long or too short from ball to end of toes.
• Heel to outer ball– Outer ball joint fits into outer pocket of
the shoe.
Check List for Check List for Assessing Shoe FitAssessing Shoe Fit
Check List for Check List for Assessing Shoe FitAssessing Shoe Fit
• Ball Width and Vamp Room– Adequate space across the vamp
of the shoe– Width of the insole same as the
width of the foot.• Heel Fit
– Not too tight or too loose, “snug” fit.
– Top of counter does not “cut into” heel tendon
– Inside and outside ankle bones do not rub against top line of shoe.
Fig: Right heel in shoe. The slight offset between the axis of the leg and the axis of the shoe puts stress on the shoe counter, hence the need for a firm and substantial shoe counter.
Check List for Check List for Assessing Shoe FitAssessing Shoe Fit
• Top Line– Fits snugly to sides of the foot.
• Instep of Waist– With slip-ons it is important
that the shoes are not too tight and not too loose but must be snug enough to hold the foot.
– With laced shoe it is possible to adjust the fit over the instep
Check List for Check List for Assessing Shoe FitAssessing Shoe Fit
• Arch Fit– Shoe hugs closely to the foot on the inside
of the shoe under the longitudinal arch.• Tread
– Shoe fits securely, customer feels balanced and stable and walks comfortably.
Worn Shoe Worn Shoe EvaluationEvaluation
ExerciseExercise• Identifying parts of a foot• Measuring foot size• Assessing shoe fits