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BASIC CONCEPT OF VALUEMORAL EDUCATION 1
MR 1351 D
PROGRAM PERSEDIAAN IJAZAH SARJANA
MUDA PERGURUANPENGAJIAN CINA
AMBILAN JULAI 2010
7 AUGUST 2010by
Tengku Zahiri Tengku Abdul Wahab
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Basic Concept Of Value
The dictionary defines value as something or somematter that can be gauged firstly from the point of
view or price which can be counted and secondly
from intrinsic quality, i.e something that can be felt
internally or in our thoughts
Hence value exist in many aspects
It is found in morality
In fact morality is a type of value even though not all
values are moral
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Examp le 1: On our red currency notes, Bank Negara
Malaysia makes the declaration Wang Kertas ini sah
diperlakukan dengan nilai sepuluh ringgit
With this, we use the note to the value of RM 10 just as
it is fixed and legalised by BNM
This means that we can buy something that costs
RM10 with this note
This is the example of value from the materialistic
aspect
From the aspect of morality, there is no difference
between a theft of RM10 and of RM 100 though
certainly difference in monetary value
Commiting theft whether of ten ringgit or of thousand
ringgit is an act that is unacceptable
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Example 2: In society if a person has a lot of moneyhe is considered rich and if he does not have muchmoney he is considered poor
However we should not assess a person solely onthe basis of his wealth or the amount of his wealth orthe amount of money he posseses
Instead we should appraise him from the point of
view of his quality of living, his character and themoral values that he posseses
Such intrinsic values can only be felt by the personconcerned, or are noticed or taken into account bypeople who observe them
Such a situation explains why there are people whoare rich and yet do not feel happy in life and areconstantly living in fear
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In terms of value and quality of life, poor people dosometimes find themselves in a better situation thantheir richer counterpart
This raise the issue of people who place moreimpotance on non-moral values than on moral values
There are people who strive to own valuable propertybut neglect moral and religious values
There are also individuals who cling on to certainmoral values to the extent that they miss out onopportunities to obtain wealth in the form of money etc
There are also people who place importance on bothtypes of values and lead lives that are physically andspritually well-balanced
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Hence the values of a person may differ from those
of another and the perception of an individual
towards a certain value may also differ from that of
another individual
For instance we refrain from doing anything that may
cause us to be infected with AIDS because we value
life and do not wist to die
There may be people who consider other values
more important in this instance values like honesty,
faithfulness, fairness, gratefulness to God, patience
etc
Nevertheless, all these values are capable of
preventing an individual from engaging in practices
that may infect him with AIDS
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This examples show that value can be considered in
various aspects
Values also has several characteristics In humans value can be seen, appraised and felt
through the subjects speech, movements, conduct,
attitude and actions
For instance, a child who is taught the value ofpoliteness or courtesy will speak politely and behave
properly only if that child understands and appreciates
the value that he has been taught
The childs behaviour will be noticed and appraised bypeople around him, and he might be labelled as a
polite boy, a boy who lacks politeness or an impolite
boy
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TYPES OFMORALVALUES
COMPARED
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Human beings are not only intelligent and can speak,
but they also like to evaluate and can differentiatebetween good and evil, beautiful and ugly, valuable
and invaluable
As a result, evaluating and making choices are main
human functions which are carried out most of thetime
Roughly the term value is used in three different
contexts
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Value as an atrribute. The English saying, Time is
Moneyor Malay proverb Masa itu emas both depict
time as being precious value
Value as a measure of price or of marks assigned to
something, i.e quantity. In the question , what value
did the head of department give you for your work
perfomance?. Value here means the total marks thatis quantity given to the officer by the head of
department when the later assessed your work
perfomance in the Work Perfomance Assessment
Form of the civil service in Malaysia
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Value in axiological context, i.e pertaining to moralor aesthetic value judgements. Consider this Malaypantun :
Jangan ditangkap burung yang terbang
Turun hinggap di tepi paya
Jangan diharap kepada orang
Usaha sendiri hingga berjaya
Personal effort is an important factor in realising thethings we hope for in life, not dependence on otherpeople
In short, value funtcions as a yardstick or a standard
for anything that humans do, desire and wish for,whether it can be seen, heard or felt by our senses
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Instrumental (Extrinsic) Values and Intrinsic Values
Instrumental or Extrinsic Value Intrinsic Value Quality received or rejected asinstrument to achieve certain objective
Dependent on other values to
achieve certain objective
Second order values, e.g bravery,
diligince, respect for others
Quality received or rejected solelybecause it is good or bad without
considering its effect
Not dependent on other values to
achieve certain objectives. The value
mentioned is itself the final objective
First order values, e.g kindness,love
Example
Bombing Hiroshima to end the war
Imposing the death penalty for drugtraffickers to stamp out drug trafficiking
activities
Example
A judge passes a death by hanging
sentence on a person found guilty oftrafficking drug purely because it is
obligatory for the judge to do so
because of the lawnot because the
judge himself wishes to stamp out drug
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2. Subjective Values and Objectives Values
Subjectives Values General
Quality accepted or rejected bysomeone who gives his views
Accepted or rejected on the basis of
an individuals opinion
Quality that may be valuable or notvaluable but free from personal choice
Accepted or rejected on the basis of
a set of criteria agreed upon by all or a
majority of people
Example :The USAs desire to attack Iraq
Britain said that the US should
attack Iraq for the sake of long term
peace in the world so that Iraq could
not continue to produce weapons of
mass destruction. France on the otherhand said that US should not attack
Iraq because such an attack would
sacrife the lives of many innocent
people
Example :War is horrible tragedy
Slavery does not reflect
humanitarian values
Child labour is a cruel practice
which must be abolished
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Relative Values and Absolute Values
Relative Values Absolute Values
Value accepted or rejected by
regulations in a society in order to
achieve certain societal objectives
It is arbitrary, not perfect and
differs in other societies
Can change with times
Value the worth of which is not
related to the custom of a certain
society
Generally accepted and tested or
proven to be good or bad
Constant at all times and in all
places and in almost all norms of
society
In Kuala Lumpur, a family can
develop only through an official
marriage of a couple. On the other
hand, in California, a family can be
formed without an official marriage
Living as a legally married couple
is a good practice
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