Avian Response to Changing Seasons

Common Poorwill

Avian Response to Changing Seasons

Grace’s Warber American Robin White-Breasted Nuthatch

Avian Response to Changing Food Supply

Avian Response to Drought, Flooding

“Extreme Migration”

“Neotropical Migrants”

Wood Warblers Orioles

Grosbeaks Hummingbirds

Tanagers

Vireos

FlycatchersHawks

Vultures

“Neotropical Migrants”

Blackpoll Warbler

“Short-Distance Migrant”

Brewer’s Sparrow

“Vertical Migration”

Fig. 5-53 in Podulka et al. 2004

MIGRATION STRATEGIES

4 5

1) Obligate Annual Migrants(e.g., Neotropical Migrant)Bird Migration Strategy:

20

21

Migratory Strategy: 2) Permanent Resident

35

36

Facultative and Obligatory Partial Migrants

ObligatoryFacultative

Bird Migration Strategies 3 & 4:

18

Bird Migration Strategy 5: Irruptive Migration

Bird Migration Strategy 5: Irruptive Migration

1993 1994 1995 1996

11

12

Bird Migratory Strategy 6: Nomadic Migration

Fig. 5-53 in Podulka et al. 2004

20

Origins of Migration?(Climatic Change)

“Returning Home”

28

29

Origins of Migration?(Lack of Needed Resources)

26

Origins of Migration?(Seasonal Intraspecific Dominance Interactions)

27

Blackcap

Origins of Migration?(Seasonal Interspecific Dominance Interactions)

Origins of Migration?(Tracking of Fruit or Nectar)

Which Explanation is Most Plausible?

Situation One Situation Two

Resident

Migrant

Migration and Natural Selection

Migratory Flexibility

Original, SedentaryPopulations

Introduction in 1950s

3537

Genetic Basis for Migration?

Fig. 5-55 in Podulka et al. 2004

Variation in Migratory Strategy in Blackcap Populations

Fig. 5-57 in Podulka et al. 2004

Determining Migratory Direction via Migratory Restlessness

Fig. 5-56 in Podulka et al. 2004

Results of Hybridization Experiments I

Fig. 5-58 in Podulka et al.

Results of Hybridization Experiments II

1 http://www.nature.org/wherewework/northamerica/lewisandclark/images/ ponderosa_pine_oregon_charlie_ott.jpg

2 http://www.wfo-cbrc.org/cbrc/photos/grace's-pt-loma-110505-a-2.jpg

3 http://www.nps.gov/band/naturescience/images/ponderosa_forest.jpg

4 http://www.borealbirds.org/web_mig_map/images/blackpoll_warbler/ map-mid.jpg

5 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/ Steller's_Jay as_Seen_from_the_Back.jpg/800px-Steller's_Jay_as_ Seen_from_the_Back.jpg

6 http://www.christinevadai.com/STJA4.jpg

7 http://www.truthorconsequencesnm.net/us_forest/mogollon-mts-o.jpg

8 http://thebirdguide.com/digiscoping/photos/IMG_8158_northern_shoveler.jpg

9 http://www.schmoker.org/BirdPics/Photos/Waterfowl/NSHO6.jpg

10 http://map.telesis.org/new.gif

11 http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/images/Photos/loxicurv.jpg

12 http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/images/usa/new-mexico.jpg

13 http://imagecache2.allposters.com/images/pic/PTGPOD/349625~Great-Gray- Owl-Rowley-MA-Posters.jpg

14 http://photo.net/bboard-uploads/00BMo5-22167884.jpg

15 http://www.winterweather.state.mn.us/images/snow_5_big.jpg

16 http://www.winterweather.state.mn.us/images/snow_5_big.jpg

17 http://iz.carnegiemnh.org/crayfish/images/minnesota.jpg

18 http://iz.carnegiemnh.org/crayfish/images/minnesota.jpg

19 http://imagecache2.allposters.com/images/pic/PTGPOD/349625~Great-Gray-Owl- Rowley-MA-Posters.jpg

20 http://www.birdsource.org/gbbc/gallery/2007/wesjay_rogers-j_ca-lr.jpg/image _preview

21 http://rosyfinch.com/KilldeerAdultWithChick.jpg

22 http://www.birdsamore.com/_images/hummingbird-rufous_350.jpg

23 http://www.birdwatching-bliss.com/images/broad_tailed_hummingbird.jpg

24 http://www.alanmurphyphotography.com/Galleryimagesfromemail/B lack-Chinned-Hummingbird.jpg

25 http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/huntwild/wild/species/mockbird/

26 http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/IMAGES/Texas/mockingbird_detwiler_web.jpg

27 http://www.geneticarchaeology.com/Images/South_Hills_Crossbill.jpg

28 http://www.calliebowdish.com/Birds/PRedstartNov252006-29.jpg

29 http://www.strayreality.com/image1/toucaneat3.jpg

30 http://www.naturalist.co.uk/photos/crimsoncollared_tanager.jpg

32 http://www.tropicalexpeditions.com/images/Silver-throated%20Tanager.jpg

31 http://www.saveamericasforests.org/Yasuni/Pics/Biodiversity/MaskedCrimson Tanager9.jpg

33 http://www.localization-translation.com/images/maps/map-localization-south- america.jpg

34 http://www.naturalsciences.org/education/Ecuador/2007/images/008_ Blue-winged%20Mountain%20Tanager.jpg

35 http://www.naturephoto-cz.com/photos/sevcik/blackcap--sylvia-atricap illa-1.jpg

36 http://www.roysephotos.com/zzAmericanRobin8D.jpg

37 http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/dna-2.jpg