Post on 21-Oct-2020
AUTHOR INDEX
713USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. 1997.
Proceedings of a Symposium on Oak Woodlands: Ecology, Management, and Urban Interface Issues Author Index
Authors Page
Adams, Theodore E., Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213Aigner, Paul A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431Airola, Daniel A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583Allen-Diaz, Barbara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339Arnold, Richard A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543
Baefsky, Michael . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527Barnhart, Steve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275Barry, Sheila J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667Bartolome, James W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183, 327, 569Bayer, Robin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693Bell, Charles W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Bell, Enoch F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Bell, Fremont L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313Berlund, Tristan C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423Berman, Jennifer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692Bernhardt, Elizabeth A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147, 157, 301, 543Berry, Alison M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91, 553Bertenshaw, James L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Bihari, Gabor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697Bledsoe, Caroline S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83, 692, 693Block, William M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431Bloom, Peter H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365Bolsinger, Charles L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Brooks, William H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479Bryant, John M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625, 691Bunnell, Fred L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648
Campbell, Chris G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339Cobb, Janet S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Conard, Susan G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694Conkle, M. Thompson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694Connor, J. Michael . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183, 267, 321, 696Corcoran, Bonni M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646Costello, Laurence R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91, 553
Dagit, Rosi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257Davis, Frank W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353De Lasaux, Michael D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231Dockter, JoAnn L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391Dodd, Richard S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Downer, A. James . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257Downie, Denise E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Drake, Christiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147, 157
Eberlein, Gary E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355, 683
Fargo, Roberta J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373Fong, Herb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559, 693Fritzke, Susan L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281Frost, William E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177, 183, 299, 347, 671Fuchs, Marilyn A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648Fulgham, Kenneth O. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
714 USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. 1997.
Author Index Proceedings of a Symposium on Oak Woodlands: Ecology, Management, and Urban Interface Issues
Garcia, Sergio L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423Garrison, Barrett A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353, 411George, Melvin R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331Germaine, Heather L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225Gorton, Terry Barlin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Griggs, F. Thomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Hagen, Bruce W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521Halpin, Christopher G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423Hanna, R. Joss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 613Harestad, Alton S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648Hastey, Ed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Hastings, Marla S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275Hodgskiss, Paul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694Hubbell, Jean G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651Huff, Eric K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199Hug, Hilary K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559Huntsinger, Lynn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626
Jacobs, Karel A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91, 553Jansen, Henricus C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313Jensen, Wayne A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423Johnson, Kenneth D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355, 683Johnson, Sharon G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593Joyce, Melissa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696
Kashani, Nasser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Kloss, Susan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Knight, Ronald S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667Knops, Johannes M.H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75, 101Koenig, Walter D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101Krannitz, Pam G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648Kruger, Barbara S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699
Larsen, Royce E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331Larson, Amy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698Laudenslayer, William F., Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373Lawson, Dawn M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642Lian, Heidi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698Lomas, M. Christine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698Lowell, Eini C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457Lubin, Dorothy Mockus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636
MacDonald, James D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91, 553Mansfield, Terry M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Matzner, Steven L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109, 694McBride, Joe R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117, 275McCreary, Douglas D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177, 211, 243, 267, 667McDougald, Neil K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177, 331, 347, 671McPherson, Guy R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225Millikin, Catherine S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83, 693Montalvo, Arlee M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694Moon Stumpff, Linda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692Morrison, Michael L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431Mossadegh, Ahmad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Motz, Ronald W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 679
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Proceedings of a Symposium on Oak Woodlands: Ecology, Management, and Urban Interface Issues Author Index
Muick, Pamela C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135Munton, Thomas E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355, 683
Narog, Marcia G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646Narwath, Steve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697Nash, Thomas H. III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Nelson, Charles W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491Nicholas, Alicia M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225Nichols, Greg A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401Nickles, Douglas V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515Noel, Jay E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603, 613Norberg, Edward A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
O’Dell, Tharon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21O’Sullivan, Richard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Osterling, Ralph S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Paysen, Timothy E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646Peterson, Daryl R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289Phillips, Ralph L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177Piirto, Douglas D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199, 613Pillsbury, Norman H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465, 698Plank, Marlin E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457Plumb, Timothy R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59, 231Pratini, Nanette L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657Purcell, Kathryn L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Quinn, Ronald D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697
Radabaugh, Mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491Rafii, Zara A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127Rawlings, Marcus S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583Reimer, Jeffrey L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465Rice, Kevin J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109, 694Richards, James H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109, 694Roberts, James . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697Robinson, Scott T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199Rojahn, Karin J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225Rowntree, Rowan A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
Sanders, Dale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527Sands, Peter B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213Schlesinger, William H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Schwan, Joan L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559, 693Scott, Thomas A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657Seiger, Leslie A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642Shelly, John R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443, 445, 631Siepel, Nancy R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391Smith, Brenda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199Snow, Richard R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313Sprague, G. Lynn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Standiford, Richard B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169, 177, 411, 569Stanley, Marion E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213Steger, George N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355, 683Stephens, Scott L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191Stephenson, John R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401Swiecki, Tedmund J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147, 157, 301, 541, 543
716 USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. 1997.
Author Index Proceedings of a Symposium on Oak Woodlands: Ecology, Management, and Urban Interface Issues
Taskey, Ronald D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Tate, Kenneth W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331Tecklin, Jerry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83, 243, 267Thomas, Jack Ward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Thompson, Richard P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567, 603, 613, 699Tietje, William D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365, 391, 423, 661Treber, Gregory A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313Turner, Jennifer G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Verner, Jared . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381Vilkitis, James R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499Volgarino, Deveree A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401Vreeland, Justin K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365, 391
Walters, Daniel R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703Weitkamp, William H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213, 661Weltzin, Jake F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225White, Scott D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664White, Thomas C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401Willoughby, Bob L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321Wilson, Richard A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 53Work, George R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695
Yoshida, Sally L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661
Zavala, Miguel A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646Zedler, Paul H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642Zimmerman, Kenneth J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
INDEX
719USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. 1997.
Index
IndexAacacia (Acacia longifolia), tree volume equations for, 465–478access problems and inventorying oak woodlands, 61–63“acorn calves,” 15acorns
collection of, 679–680cork oak acorns for hogs, 480cup removal and higher germination rate, 227–228dispersal by Steller’s jays, 648–650Emory oak germination, 225–230over-planting recommended, 294planting in native soils, 657–660planting techniques for coast live oak, 231–242planting without irrigation, 681–682production patterns within California, 101–108seeded acorns vs. nursery stock, 220–221size and Emory oak germination, 228, 229size parameters and seedling survival and growth rates, 113size related to seedling size, 680storage of, 680–681taproot, importance of, 679toxicity and cattle, 14–15viability differences, Kern and Madera Counties, 180–181
active management, 588–589adaptation patterns, blue oak seedlings, 109–115adaptive management, 534Aesculus californica. See California buckeyeage, blue oak seedlings, 179–180Alameda County, cattle grazing and ground squirrels in blue oak savanna, 327–329alfalfa, competitive effects on valley oak seedlings, 651–656allometric relationships, root mass and aboveground parameters in blue oak, 83–89Amador County, ranchers and factors contributing to land use change, 593–602American sweet gum, tree volume equations for, 465–478amphibians
richness, numbers, and habitat relationships in coastal oak woodland, 397–398wood cutting and impact on habitat in blue oak woodlands, 411–422
Annadel State Park, control of Douglas-fir invasion, 275–279Arctostaphylos hookeri spp. hookeri. See Hooker’s manzanitaArctostaphylos viscida. See gray leaf manzanitaArizona, Emory oak germination and emergence, 225–230arthropods
CODA database, 543–552counts of mites and insects in CODA database, 548damage to oaks caused by, 550See also insects
Bbiodiversity, recommended working definition of, 534birds
California spotted owl diet, 683–687California spotted owl nest sites in southern Sierra Nevada, 355–364in grazed and ungrazed oak-pine woodlands, 381–390keystone species for nesting birds in study, 396point counts, design recommendations, 431–439red-tailed hawk nest site characteristics in central California oak woodlands, 365–372richness, numbers, and habitat relationships in coastal oak woodland, 396–397Steller’s jays and acorn dispersal, 648–650wood cutting and effect on population trends, 431–439wood cutting and impact on habitat in blue oak woodlands, 411–422See also counting of birds
black oak. See California black oak
720 USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. 1997.
Index
blue gum, tree volume equations for, 465–478blue jays. See Steller’s jaysblue oak
acorn production patterns, 101–108acorn viability from Kern and Madera Counties, 180–181canopy cover, rainfall, and forage production, 187, 188cattle grazing and sapling growth, 313–320clipping effect on seedlings, 135–145CODA report for Inonotus andersonii (canker-rot), 545–546damaging agents in CODA database, 547downed woody material and, 423–430forage production and canopy density, 321–326genetic variation in shoot growth, phenology, and mineral accumulation, 117–125individual tree model to estimate stand structure dynamics, 169–176lichens and nutrient cycling, 75–82natural mortality rate, 152physical and mechanical properties of, 450pruning resprouts to enhance growth, 667–670regeneration in southern Sierra foothills, 177–181rehabilitation of a restoration project, 267–273root biomass study, 83–89sapling recruitment and regeneration status, 147–155sapling recruitment, factors affecting, 157–167seedling adaptation patterns and processes, 109–115seedling establishment by artificial regeneration, 213–223seedling protectors and weed control, 243–250seedling rooting and low oxygen stress, 91–99shade effect on seedlings, 135–145soil characteristics, 65–73soil water potential and root activity, 693tree shelters and direct seeding, 693tree shelters for seedlings, 243–250, 267–273water stress and stomatal conductance, 694weed control, 243–250, 267–273
blue oak woodlands and savannasbiological diversity of, 117, 169California spotted owl nest site characteristics in, 355–364cattle grazing and ground squirrels, 327–329CRP oak regeneration study, 661–663fire history of mixed forest in Sierra foothills, 191–198grasslands conversion not easily reversed, 166point counts of birds, design recommendations, 431–439prescribed burning project (1987-1995), 671–678red-tailed hawk nest site characteristics in, 365–372sapling recruitment inadequate to offset losses in, 147–155understory composition, 183–184vertebrate abundance and habitat associations in coastal-central California, 391–400volume in timberland and woodland areas, 446wildfire and oak regeneration at the urban fringe, 559–564wood cutting and impact on wildlife habitat, 411–422
British Columbia, acorn dispersal by Steller’s jays, 648–650brown-headed cowbirds, in grazed and ungrazed oak-pine woodlands, 388, 389Browning-Ferris Industries, 251–256brush mice, problems assessing presence and abundance of, 373–380Buena Vista Country Club (BVCC), Conservation Plan for golf course development, 499–513Bureau of Land Management, oak woodland management efforts of, 41–42Buteo jamaicensis. See red-tailed hawkButte County, assessment of potential hardwood loss in, 491–497
CCache Creek Management Area, BLM oak woodland protection area, 41–42California Aqueduct Project, pipeline to Santa Barbara, 28, 30, 31–31, 703California black oak
acorn production patterns, 101–108California spotted owl nest site characteristics in, 355–364damaging agents in CODA database, 547fire history of mixed forest in Sierra foothills, 191–198 continued
721USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. 1997.
Index
lumber suppliers of, 634lumber volume and value recovery data, 457–464mills that process, 633physical and mechanical properties of, 450restoration project in Yosemite Valley, 281–289valuation of lumber from ($/MLT), 461–462volume in timberland and woodland areas, 446
California Board of Forestry, hardwood management efforts, 22–24California bottlebrush grass, golf course Conservation Plan to protect, 499–513California buckeye, fire history of mixed forest in Sierra foothills, 191–198California Cattlemen’s Association, history and policy for hardwood range management, 51–52California Dept. of Fish and Game
budget lacking for oak protection, 28, 34oak woodlands conservation role, 43–44
California Dept. of Forestry and Fire Protectionbudget lacking for oak protection, 28, 34regulation not favored by, 28, 53
California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)adequacy of studies and surveys required by, 530–531recommendations for improvement of, 532–533
California ground squirrels. See ground squirrelsCalifornia mice, problems assessing presence and abundance of, 373–380California Native Plant Society, guidelines for assessing effects of development, 533California Natural Diversity Data Base (CNDDB), 533California Oak Disease and Arthropod (CODA) database, 543–552California Oak Foundation
chartering of, 3general planning process activities, 577importance of, 19, 20paper presented by president of, 27–34strategy of, 699
California Rangeland Water Quality Management Plan (CRWQMP), 696–697California Resources Agency
budget lacking for oak protection, 28, 34paper resented by assistant secretary for, 17–20
California spotted owldiet in riparian deciduous and oak habitats, 683–687nest sites in woodlands of southern Sierra Nevada, 355–364
California tiger salamanders, golf course Conservation Plan to protect, 49–513California walnut restoration, 697California white oak. See valley oakCalifornia Wildlife Habitat Relationships database, 407, 411, 423
shortcomings of and EIRs, 533camphor tree, tree volume equations for, 465–478canker-rot (Inonotus andersonii), CODA report on, 545–546canopy
blue oak canopy and forage production, 321–326blue oak sapling recruitment, 157–167California spotted owl nest site characteristics and canopy cover, 355–364Emory oak germination, 227, 228, 229lichens and nutrient cycling fluxes, 75–82sapling position relative to canopy, 149, 151shade effect on seedlings, 135–145understory-canopy relationships, 183–190and understory composition, 184–186and understory forage productivity, 187–188vigor related to canopy condition, 258, 259, 260–261, 263–265wood cutting and canopy cover, impact on wildlife habitat, 411–422
canyon live oakacorn production patterns, 101–108California spotted owl nest site characteristics in, 355–364damaging agents in CODA database, 547fire history of mixed forest in Sierra foothills, 191–198fire injury monitoring with electrical resistance, 646–647population structure and clonal variation in, 694–695volume in timberland and woodland areas, 446
California black oak (continued)
722 USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. 1997.
Index
carob, tree volume equations for, 465–478cattle grazing. See livestock grazingCattlemen’s Association. See California Cattlemen’s Associationcattle ranchers
critical problems of, 598–600disintegration of farm economy and infrastructure, 596–597oak habitat preservation by, 11–16, 299–300oak regeneration techniques, 695–696“Right to Farm” ordinances, 597sale or subdivision of land, 593–602thinning practices of, 12–13
CCA. See California Cattlemen’s Associationcensuses. See counting of birdsCeratonia siliqua. See carobcertification. See professional certification and licensingcharcoal, as a special forest product, 636–637Chinese elm, tree volume equations for, 465–478Chinese pistache, tree volume equations for, 465–478Chorizanthe pungens var. pungens. See Monterey spineflowerCinnamomum camphota. See camphor treecoast live oak
acorn production patterns, 101–108clipping effect on seedlings, 135–145damaging agents in CODA database, 547downed woody material and, 423–430geographic distribution, 129hybridization among evergreen oaks, 127–133physical and mechanical properties of, 450planting success, 251–256pruning of crown, 252–253regeneration techniques, 231–242seedling and sapling mortality and growth rates, 642–645shade effect on seedlings, 135–145soil characteristics, 65–73transplantation problems, 257–266tree shelters and direct seeding, 693
coast live oak woodlandsgolf course Conservation Plan to preserve, 499–513red-tailed hawk nest site characteristics in, 365–372understory composition, 184vertebrate abundance and habitat associations in, 391–400volume in timberland and woodland areas, 446wildfire and oak regeneration at the urban fringe, 559–564
coast redwood forest, tanoak control with herbicides, 199–208CODA (California Oak Disease and Arthropod) database, 543–552COF. See California Oak FoundationColusa County, cattle grazing and blue oak saplings, 313–320common garden experiment, genetic variation in blue oak, 117–125conductivity values, livestock grazing and water quality, 342Conejo Valley, valley oak survival and vigor related to urban development, 515–519Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), oak regeneration study, 661–663conservation strategies
education and research activities of the IHRMP, 569–581golf course development and endangered habitats, 499–513local policy initiatives, 576–577southern California forests and woodlands, 401–410See also management methods
Consumes River Preserve, BLM oak woodland protection area, 42Contra Costa County
seedling establishment by artificial regeneration, 213–223valley oak mitigation and reservoir project, 583–591wildlife evaluation methods and subdivision EIRs, 527–537
Contra Costa Water District, valley oak mitigation and reservoir project, 583–591conversion of habitat, 4–5coordinated resource management and planning (CRMP), 534–535
723USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. 1997.
Index
cork oakCalifornia domestic cork production, 479–484history of cork use, 479–480low oxygen stress and Phytophthora cinnamomi infection and disease, 553–558seedling rooting and low oxygen stress, 91–99yields rates, 482–484
costirrigation costs, 294of transplantation, 265of tree shelters, 272Vaca cages, 309valley oak restoration, 294
counting of birdspoint count design recommendations, 431–439spot-mapping censuses, 381–390, 393, 396–397See also population survey techniques
county governmentCattlemen’s Association and voluntary guideline development, 52role of, 23–24
cowbirds, in grazed and ungrazed oak-pine woodlands, 388, 389creeks
grazing and erosion of intermittent streams, 331–337livestock grazing and water quality, 339–346
CRMP (coordinated resource management and planning), 534–535crown cover, individual tree model for blue oaks to predict, 169–176crown rot. See Phytophthora cinnamomiCupressus macrocarpa. See Monterey cypressCWHR. See California Wildlife Habitat Relationships databaseCyanocitta stelleri. See Steller’s jays
Ddamaging agents
California Oak Disease and Arthropod (CODA) database, 543–552damage to oaks caused by, 550–551effect of hypoxia on Phytophthora cinnamomi infection of cork oak roots, 553–558fungal species in CODA database, 549soil fungus (Phytophthora cinnamomi) and cork oaks, 481See also fire; urbanization
deer. See herbivory controlDel Valle Park, cattle grazing and ground squirrels in blue oak savanna, 327–329depositional surfaces, and coast live oaks, 65–73diseases
CODA database, 543–552damage to oaks caused by, 550–551See also damaging agents
Douglas-fir, control of invasion by, 275–279Douglas-fir forest, tanoak control with herbicides, 199–208downed woody material (DWM)
California spotted owl nest sites, 359, 361contribution by blue, valley, and coast live oaks, 423–430
droughtblue oak seedling height, 179seedling survival rate, 143See also moisture stress; rainfall
drying, California hardwoods, 451–453dusky-footed woodrats, problems assessing presence and abundance of, 373–380
Eecosystem management
conceptual mitigation plan, 584–588description of, 5–9detailed mitigation plan, 588–589
continued
724 USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. 1997.
Index
valley oak mitigation for reservoir project, 583–591watershed approach to ecosystem-based planning, 49–50
edge cities. See urbanizationEIRs. See environmental impact reports (EIRs)El Dorado County
fire history of mixed oak-pine forest in, 191–198property values and oak tree and stand condition, 613–621ranchers and factors contributing to land use change, 593–602
electrical resistance, for monitoring fire injury, 646–647Elymus californicus. See California bottlebrush grassEmory oak, germination and emergence of, 225–230endangered species
golf course Conservation Plan and, 499–513See also California spotted owl; northern spotted owl
Engelmann oakacorn production patterns, 101–108physical and mechanical properties of, 450seedling and sapling mortality and growth rates, 642–645seedling growth increased with native soils, 657–660threatened status, 4volume in timberland and woodland areas, 446
environmental impact reports (EIRs)case study of wildlife evaluation methods in proximity to subdivisions, 527–537CEQA and documentation quality, 530–531
epiphytic lichens, nutrient cycling of a blue oak woodland, 75–82erosion, grazing and erosion of intermittent streams, 331–337erosional surfaces, and blue oaks, 65–73estate taxes
conservation easements and, 33–34high land value and pressure on heirs, 599
Eucalyptus globulus. See Blue gumEucalyptus signata, root biomass, 86–87European starling, in grazed and ungrazed oak-pine woodlands, 386, 387–388, 389
Ffertilizer treatment, California black oak seedling restoration project, 283–287fire
benefits to oak habitat, 281and blue oak sapling recruitment, 161–162, 165electrical resistance for monitoring fire injury, 646–647history in mixed oak-pine forest in Sierra foothills, 191–198lightning fires, 196prescribed burning and oak woodlands and American Indians, 692prescribed burning project (1987-1995), 671–678prescribed burning to control Douglas-fir invasion, 275–279seedling and sapling mortality and growth rates of coast live oak and Engelmann oak, 642–645suppression of fire and decline in Lake Tahoe Basin forest health, 613wildfire and oak regeneration at the urban fringe, 559–564
fire riskthreat of edge effect grows, 18urban/wildlife interface and, 46
firewoodcattle ranchers and, 12, 13harvesting of, 411harvesting trends (1988-1992), 575recommendation to mitigate the removal of downed woody material, 428See also wood cutting
flavor enhancers, as a special forest product, 637flooding, low oxygen stress and seedling rooting, 91–99foothill pine, fire history of mixed forest in Sierra foothills, 191–198forage management
blue oak canopy and forage production, 321–326canopies and forage productivity, 187–188quality of understory forage, 186–187 continued
ecosystem management (continued)
725USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. 1997.
Index
See also livestock grazingforest botanicals, as a special forest product, 637–638Fort Ord, BLM oak woodland protection area, 42Fraxinus velutina Modesto. See Modesto ashFresno County
blue oak regeneration in, 177–181California spotted owl diet in riparian deciduous and oak habitats, 683–687problems assessing presence and abundance of small nocturnal mammals, 373–380
fungi. See damaging agentsfurniture manufacturers
California hardwood industry and, 631–635See also lumber; niche markets
GGarlon 3A/Garlon 4. See triclopyrGarry oak (Q. garryana)
acorn dispersal by Steller’s jays, 648–650See also Oregon white oak (Q. garryana)
genetic variationblue oak seedlings, 109–115blue oak shoot growth, phenology, and mineral accumulation, 117–125canyon live oak population structure and clonal variation, 694–695gene flow among evergreen oaks, 127–133
geographic synchrony in oak growth and reproduction, 101–108germination. See acorns; seedlingsGIS. See map compilations; spatial modeling and analysisgold mining, impact of, 4golf course development, Conservation Plan for, 499–513gophers
coast live oak survival, 255See also pocket gophers
grain deviations, California hardwoods, 448grasses, in oak woodland understory, 183–184grasshoppers
blue oak restoration project, 268, 270, 271screens to control, 215, 218–219tree shelters and screens to control, 248
gray leaf manzanita, fire history of mixed forest in Sierra foothills, 191–198grazing. See livestock grazinggreenery, as a special forest product, 638–639ground squirrels
cattle grazing influence in blue oak savanna, 327–329threat to seedling establishment, 220, 221valley oak seedling survival and, 306, 309–310
growth rings. See tree-ring data
Hhabitat quality index (HQI), 585–586habitat relationships
California Wildlife Habitat Relationships database, 407, 411downed woody material and, 423–430GIS-based models to predict, 408–409urban development, oak woodlands, and habitat fragmentation, 521–522wood cutting in blue oak woodland, 411–422
habitat restoration. See restoration projectshardwood industry. See lumberheight
individual tree model for blue oaks to predict, 169–176of juvenile oaks and wildfire survival, 561–562measuring tree height, 470, 471
forage management (continued)
726 USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. 1997.
Index
herbicidescontrol of Douglas-fir invasion of oak woodland, 275–279first growing season use of, 291tanoak control in uneven-aged redwood forest, 199–208weed control for oak seedling regeneration, 213–223weed control for valley oak seedlings, 304, 305See also weed control
herbivory controlblue oak restoration project, 268, 270, 271coast live oak seedling survival, 231, 237–238, 239seedling establishment, 213–223See also screen cages; traps; tree shelters
Heteromeles arbutifolia. See toyonholly oak
root biomass, 86–87tree volume equations for, 465–478
Hooker’s manzanita, golf course Conservation Plan to protect, 499–513Hoopa Tribal Council, 47Hoopa Valley Tribe, special forest product production, 640–641Horkelia cuneata spp. sericea. See Kellogg’s horkeliahouse counts of dusky-footed woodrat, 373–380hybridization
among evergreen oaks, 127–133between and within local blue oak populations, 109–115See also genetic variation
hypoxia stresseffect on Phytophthora cinnamomi infection of cork oak roots, 553–558seedling responses to, 91–99
IIHRMP. See Integrated Hardwood Range Management Programindividual tree model, and blue oak stand structure dynamics, 169–176Inimim Forest - Yuba River Watershed, BLM oak woodland protection area, 42Inonotus andersonii (canker-rot), CODA report on, 545–546insects
California spotted owl diet, 683–687CODA database, 543–552counts of mites and insects in CODA database, 548screens to control, 215, 218–219See also arthropods
Integrated Hardwood Range Management Programeducational outreach programs, 573–574education and research activities of, 569–581importance of, 19, 20landowner response to educational efforts of, 626–630local policy initiatives, 576–577program goals, evolution of, 571publications, 528research studies, 572–573starting of, 3trends in hardwood rangelands, 575–576
intercropping, competitive effects of alfalfa on valley oak seedlings, 651–656interior live oak
damaging agents in CODA database, 547geographic distribution, 129growth rings, 664–666hybridization among evergreen oaks, 127–133
interior live oak woodlandsCalifornia spotted owl nest site characteristics in, 355–364fire history of mixed forest in Sierra foothills, 191–198point counts of birds, design recommendations, 431–439prescribed burning project (1987-1995), 671–678volume in timberland and woodland areas, 446
inventory of oaksagencies that conduct, 61 continued
727USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. 1997.
Index
historical inventory, 46loss per year, 18on National Forest lands, 45problems of inventorying, 61–63statewide, 3, 4techniques used, 61–63
inventory of urban forests, tree volume equations for, 465–478irrigation
coast live oak planting, 253–254coast live oak regeneration, 231–242valley oak restoration project, 291, 294, 295See also hypoxia stress
island scrub oak. See Santa Cruz Island scrub oak
Jjacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia), tree volume equations for, 465–478Japanese zelkova, tree volume equations for, 465–478jays. See Steller’s jaysJuglans californica, 697
KKellogg’s horkelia, golf course Conservation Plan to protect, 499–513Kern County, blue oak regeneration in, 177–181King Range National Conversation Area, BLM oak woodland protection area, 41
Llace lichen (Ramalina menziesii), 75–82Lake Tahoe Basin, property values and oak tree and stand condition, 613–621land ownership
changes from 1985 to 1992, 626–630in oak woodlands and coniferous forest in southwest California, 403parcelization of rural land, 595–596private ownership relative to National Forest lands in southern California, 407socioeconomic factors and attitudes toward oak resources, 699
landscape ecology, 534landscape fabric, as mulch for valley oak seedlings, 301–311land-use patterns
southern California ecoregion, 405–406species’ specific life history requirements and, 406–407
licensing. See professional certification and licensinglichens, nutrient cycling of a blue oak woodland, 75–82lightning fires, 196
See also fireLiquidambar styraciflua. See American sweet gumLithocarpus densiflorus. See tanoaklive oak. See canyon live oak; coast live oak; interior live oaklivestock grazing
acorn toxicity and cattle, 14–15bird communities in grazed and ungrazed oak-pine woodlands, 381–390blue oak sapling recruitment, 157–167blue oak saplings and, 154blue oak saplings and cattle grazing, 313–320blue oak understory composition, 183–184CRP oak regeneration study, 661–663erosion of intermittent streams, 331–337ground squirrels and, 327–329high-intensity, short-duration grazing, 313–320intensity and timing and intermittent stream erosion, 331–337oak bud poisoning of cattle, 15pathogens and water supply contamination, 340
continued
inventory of oaks (continued)
728 USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. 1997.
Index
red-tailed hawk habitat, 371seedling growth and, 135–145supplemental feeding sites and increase in rangeland RDM, 347–350timing of grazing, 313–320traditional, moderate grazing, 313–320understory and, 187valley oak seedling survival and growth, 301–311water quality in a riparian habitat, 339–346See also forage management; tree shelters
London plane, tree volume equations for, 465–478Los Angeles County
coast live oak mitigation planting success, 251–256coast live oak transplantation, 257–266
Los Vaqueros Reservoir Project, valley oak mitigation, 583–591low oxygen stress. See hypoxia stresslumber
California black oak volume and value recovery data, 457–464California demand for, 445California hardwood industry profile, 631–635drying, 451–453harvesting of, 450manufacturing considerations, 449–453milling, 451See also niche markets; timber industry; wood products
MMadera County
bird communities in grazed and ungrazed oak-pine woodlands, 381–390blue oak regeneration in, 177–181grazing and erosion of intermittent streams, 331–337supplemental feeding sites for cattle and increase in rangeland RDM, 347–350
Magnolia grandiflora. See southern magnoliamammals
California spotted owl diet, 683–687problems assessing presence and abundance of small nocturnal mammals, 373–380small mammal richness, numbers, and habitat relationships in coastal oak woodland, 394–395wood cutting and impact on habitat in blue oak woodlands, 411–422See also specific mammal names
management methodsactive management, 588–589adaptive management, 534mathematical policy model, 603–612natural management, 588nonpoint source management plan for hardwood rangeland, 696–697uncertainty problems, 604–610See also conservation strategies; ecosystem management; planning strategies
map compilationsGIS technology and potential hardwood loss, 491–497hardwood rangeland mapping, 575of National Forest lands in California, 45southern California ecoregion, 405See also spatial modeling and analysis
marketsfor woodland hardwoods, 447See also niche markets
mathematical policy model of oak woodlands, 603–612meadow voles
threat to seedling establishment, 220, 221See also voles
mean fire intervals (MFI), fire history of mixed forest in Sierra foothills, 191–198Medicago sativa. See alfalfaMendocino County
blue oak seedling adaptation patterns, 109–115seedling establishment by artificial regeneration, 213–223
miceproblems assessing presence and abundance of, 373–380
livestock grazing (continued)
continued
729USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. 1997.
Index
See also rodentsmilling. See sawmillsmineral accumulation, blue oak genetic variation in, 117–125mites
counts of mites and insects in CODA database, 548See also arthropods
mitigation planningcoast live oak planting success, 251–256removal of downed woody material, 428valley oak mitigation for reservoir project, 583–591
Miwoks, fires used to maintain California black oak habitat, 281Modesto ash, tree volume equations for, 465–478moisture stress
coast live oak regeneration, 231–242stomatal conductance in blue oak and water stress, 694See also drought
Monterey CountyCRP oak regeneration study, 661–663hardwood management by, 24lichens and nutrient cycling in blue oak woodland, 75–82oak regeneration on a cattle ranch, 695–696red-tailed hawk nest site characteristics in, 365–372shade and clipping effects on seedlings, 135–145vertebrate abundance and habitat associations in oak woodlands, 391–400
Monterey cypress, tree volume equations for, 465–478Monterey pine, tree volume equations for, 465–478Monterey spineflower, golf course Conservation Plan to protect, 499–513mulching
coast live oak regeneration, 231–242valley oak seedling growth and survival, 301–311
Museum of Vertebrate Zoology survey methods, 533–534mushrooms, as a special forest product, 639–640MVZ Survey Methods, 533–534mycorrhizal infection and seedling growth, 692
NNapa County, valley oak seedling growth and survival, 301–311Native Californians
acorn crop failure and economy of, 107acorns and cultural traditions of, 46fire practices of, 191–192, 281, 692Hoopa Tribal Council, 47oak resource management by, 4prescribed burning and oak woodlands, 692special forest product production, 640–641
native soils and Engelmann oak seedling growth, 657–660Natural Diversity Database (NDDB), 407natural management, 588Natural Resources Conservation Service, watershed approach to ecosystem-based planning, 49–50Nature Conservancy (TNC)
alfalfa intercropping at Kopta Slough Preserve, 651–656valley oak restoration project on Sacramento River, 289–295
NDDB (Natural Diversity Database), 407Neotoma fuscipes. See dusky-footed woodratsnest characteristics
California spotted owl in southern Sierra Nevada, 355–364in grazed and ungrazed oak-pine woodlands, 381–390red-tailed hawks in central California oak woodlands, 365–372
Nevada County, hardwood management by, 23–24niche markets
for hardwoods, 447special forest products, 636–641See also lumber
mice (continued)
730 USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. 1997.
Index
nitrate concentrations, livestock grazing and water quality, 342nonpoint source management plan for hardwood rangeland, 696–697northern oak. See Oregon white oakNorthern Sacramento Valley Sustainable Landscapes Project (SLP), 491–497northern spotted owl, habitat protection by timber company, 22NRCS. See Natural Resources Conservation Servicenutrient cycling, lichens and a blue oak woodland, 75–82nutrients, foliar accumulation in blue oak, 122–124
Ooak bud poisoning of cattle, 15Oak Tree Ordinance (Los Angeles County), 251–256Oak Tree Protection Ordinance (Calabasas), 257Orange County, native soils and Engelmann oak seedling growth, 657–660orchids, cork oak prunings as growing media for, 480ordinance approach
to hardwood management, 24Oak Tree Ordinance (Los Angeles County), 251–256Oak Tree Protection Ordinance (Calabasas), 257trends in California, 577See also regulation
Oregon white oak (Q. garryana)damaging agents in CODA database, 547physical and mechanical properties of, 450volume in timberland and woodland areas, 446wine barrels made from, 448See also Garry oak (Q. garryana)
Oregon white oak woodland, control of Douglas-fir invasion in, 275–279ownership. See land ownershipoxygen
cork oak roots and the effect of hypoxia on Phytophthora cinnamomi infection, 553–558seedling responses to hypoxia, 91–99
PPacific Gas and Electric Co., Vegetation Management Program, 698Pacific Northwest Station, oak inventory responsibilities of, 61, 575Pacific Southwest Research Station
oak inventory responsibilities of, 61oaks within, 45–47
parcelization of rural land, 595–596particle-based products, as a special forest product, 637pathogens, and cattle grazing, 340Peromyscus boylii. See brush micePeromyscus californicus. See California micePG&E Vegetation Management Program, 698phenology, blue oak genetic variation in, 117–125Phytophthora cinnamomi
effect on cork oaks in Portugal, 481hypoxia and infection of cork oak roots, 553–558
Pinus ponderosa. See ponderosa pinePinus radiata. See Monterey pinePinus sabiniana. See foothill pinepipeline project. See water pipeline to Santa BarbaraPistacia chinensis. See Chinese pistachePlacer County, property values and oak tree and stand condition, 613–621planning strategies
coordinated resource management and planning (CRMP), 534–535elements of an oak tree retention program, 523–525elements of planning and resource management, 522–523urban development and oak woodlands, 521–522 continued
731USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. 1997.
Index
See also conservation strategies; management methodsplant competition control. See weed controlplants (forest botanicals), as a special forest product, 637–638Platanus acerifolia. See London planePlatanus racemosa. See sycamorepocket gophers
coast live oak seedling survival and, 237, 238, 239threat to seedling regeneration, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221weed control to reduce impact of, 291See also rodents
point counts of birdsdesign recommendations for, 431–439See also counting of birds
political agendas, environmental issues and, 29–30ponderosa pine
California spotted owl nest site characteristics in, 355–364fire history of mixed forest in Sierra foothills, 191–198
population of CaliforniaEl Dorado and Placer Counties, 613growth in Sierra Nevada foothills, 593growth patterns throughout the state, 705integral to ecosystem management, 7–8value conflicts growing within, 703–709
population survey techniquesCEQA requirements are lax, 530–531standardization recommended, 533–534See also counting of birds
precipitation. See rainfallprescribed burning
to control Douglas-fir invasion, 275–279effect on interior live oak, blue oak, and valley oak, 671–678oak woodlands and American Indians, 692
private land ownership. See land ownershipprofessional certification and licensing, 531–532property values, contribution of tree and stand condition to, 613–621pruning
blue oak resprouts to enhance growth, 667–670clipping effects on seedlings, 135–145coast live oak crown pruning, 252–253
Pseudotsuga menziesii. See Douglas-fir forest
QQuercus agrifolia. See coast live oakQuercus chrysolepis. See canyon live oakQuercus douglasii. See blue oakQuercus emoryi. See Emory oakQuercus engelmannii. See Engelmann oakQuercus garryana. See Garry oak; Oregon white oakQuercus ilex. See holly oakQuercus kelloggii. See California black oakQuercus lobata. See valley oakQuercus parvula. See Santa Cruz Island scrub oakQuercus robur, root biomass, 86–87Quercus suber. See cork oakQuercus wislizenii. See interior live oak
Rrainfall
blue oak canopy and forage production, 321–326blue oak seedling growth, 178See also drought
planning strategies (continued)
732 USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. 1997.
Index
Ramalina menziesii (lace lichen), 75–82Rarefind, 533RDM. See residual dry matter (RDM)reciprocal transplant experiments, blue oak seedlings, 109–115recruitment
blue oak saplings, factors affecting, 157–167blue oak sapling status, 147–155See also regeneration
red-tailed hawk, nest site characteristics in central California oak woodlands, 365–372redwood forest. See coast redwood forestregeneration
acorn collection and planting without irrigation, 679–682blue oak sapling recruitment inadequate, 147–155blue oaks in southern Sierra foothills, 177–181on a cattle ranch, 695–696coast live oak regeneration techniques, 231–242coast live oak survival and growth success, 251–256CRP oak regeneration study, 661–663herbivory control and seedling establishment, 213–223native soils and Engelmann oak seedling growth, 657–660seedling and sapling mortality and growth rates of coast live oak and Engelmann oak, 642–645weed control and seedling establishment, 213–223, 243–250wildfire and oak regeneration at the urban fringe, 559–564See also saplings; screen cages; seedlings; tree shelters
regulationCalifornia issues, 530data collection discouraged by some, 531landowners fear of, 62need for, 28not needed, 53See also ordinance approach
removal of trees. See wood cuttingreptiles
richness, numbers, and habitat relationships in coastal oak woodland, 397–398wood cutting and impact on habitat in blue oak woodlands, 411–422
researchcurrent state of oak woodland research, 608proposals for oak woodlands, 55–56
reservoirs, valley oak mitigation and reservoir project, 583–591residual dry matter (RDM)
increasing by use of supplemental feeding sites for cattle, 347–350livestock grazing methods and, 313–320
resprouts, pruning to enhance growth, 667–670restoration projects
artificial regeneration of blue oak and valley oak seedlings, 213–223blue oak seedlings and habitat restoration, 144–145California black oaks in Yosemite Valley, 281–289California walnut woodlands, 697coast live oak seedlings and habitat restoration, 144coast live oaks in Los Angeles County, 251–256Douglas-fir invasion of northern oak woodland, 275–279Emory oak in Arizona, 225–230rehabilitation of a blue oak project, 267–273restoration success vs. implementation success, 294transplantation of mature coast live oaks, 257–266valley oaks along Sacramento River, 289–295
“Right to Farm” ordinances, 597riparian habitat
California spotted owl nest sites in southern Sierra foothills, 355–364golf course Conservation Plan to protect, 499–513livestock grazing and water quality, 339–346supplemental feeding sites for cattle and increase in rangeland RDM, 347–350valley oak restoration along Sacramento River, 289–295
rodentscontrol in Los Angeles County, 255planting away from colonies of, 309–310problems assessing presence and abundance of, 373–380 continued
733USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. 1997.
Index
threat to seedling establishment, 220, 221See also ground squirrels; mammals; pocket gophers; voles
root morphologyblue oak root biomass study, 83–89seedlings and low oxygen stress, 91–99transplanted coast live oaks, 257–266
root rot. See Phytophthora cinnamomiRural Community Assistance Program, 47
SSacramento River, valley oak riparian forest restoration, 289–295salamanders, golf course Conservation Plan to protect, 499–513San Andreas coastal live oak woodland. See coast live oak woodlandsSan Benito County, downed woody material of blue, valley, and coast live oaks, 423–430San Bernardino County, interior live oak growth rings, 664–666San Diego County, seedling and sapling mortality and growth rates of coast live oak and Engelmannoak, 642–645San Luis Obispo County
CRP oak regeneration study, 661–663downed woody material of blue, valley, and coast live oaks, 423–430landowner survey, 699red-tailed hawk nest site characteristics in, 365–372regeneration techniques for coast live oak, 231–242seedling establishment by artificial regeneration, 213–223soil characteristics of blue oak and coast live oak ecosystems, 65–73vertebrate abundance and habitat associations in oak woodlands, 391–400
San Mateo County, wildfire and oak regeneration at the urban fringe, 559–564Santa Barbara County
downed woody material of blue, valley, and coast live oaks, 423–430Master Environmental Assessment, 528
Santa Cruz CountyConservation Plan for golf course development, 499–513tanoak control in uneven-aged redwood forest, 199–208
Santa Cruz Island scrub oak, hybridization among evergreen oaks, 127–133Santa Cruz long-toed salamander, golf course Conservation Plan to protect, 49–513saplings
blue oak recruitment and regeneration status, 147–155blue oak recruitment, factors affecting, 157–167fire effect on coast live oak and Engelmann oak, 642–645See also regeneration
savannas, understory-canopy relationships, 183–190sawmills
California hardwood industry profile, 631–635milling considerations for hardwoods, 451portable sawmill proves to be efficient, 457–464wood types processed by, 447
screen cagesblue oak seedling growth and survival, 243–250cost and maintenance, 309herbivory control by, 213–223poultry wire cages, 254, 255steel mesh and California black oak seedlings, 283, 287Vaca cage performance, 308valley oak seedling growth and survival, 301–311
seedlingsadaptation patterns and processes in blue oak, 109–115blue oak failure to develop into pole or mature trees, 178–180California black oak restoration project, 281–289competitive effects of alfalfa on valley oak seedlings, 651–656emergence rates of acorns dispersed by Steller’s jays, 648–650Emory oak germination, 225–230fire and coast live oak and Engelmann oak seedlings, 642–645herbivory control for regeneration, 213–223mycorrhizal infection and seedling growth, 692
continued
rodents (continued)
734 USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. 1997.
Index
protectors and weed control for blue oaks, 243–250retrofitting survivors with tree shelters, 269, 270, 271–272rooting and low oxygen stress, 91–99shade and clipping effects on, 135–145survival rates and regeneration techniques, 231–242weed control for regeneration, 213–223See also regeneration
seed source acquisition rules, blue oaks, 117–125Sequoia National Park, California spotted owl nest sites in, 355–364Sequoia sempervirens. See coast redwood forestShasta County
blue oak wood cutting and impact on wildlife habitat, 411–422firewood harvesting in, 575
sheepgrazing and sapling recruitment, 161See also livestock grazing
Sherman traps, 373–380shigometer, for monitoring fire injury, 646–647shoot growth, blue oak genetic variation in, 117–125Sierra Nevada foothills (northern)
blue oak and genetic variation, 117–125blue oak woody root biomass, 83–89
Sierra Nevada foothills (southern)blue oak regeneration in, 177–181California spotted owl nest sites in, 355–364
Sierra Nevada National Forest, California spotted owl nest sites in, 355–364size of tree
and red-tailed hawk nest sites, 365–372See also height
SLP. See Northern Sacramento Valley Sustainable Landscapes Project (SLP)soil characteristics
blue oak and coast live oak ecosystems, 65–73blue oak sapling recruitment, 162–163, 165canopy with/without lichens, 75–82in common garden experiment, 119, 120cork oaks and, 482low oxygen stress and seedling rooting, 91–99native soils and Engelmann oak seedling growth, 657–660soil bulk density and cattle grazing methods, 313–320valley oak restoration, 292–294
Soil Conservation Service. See Natural Resources Conservation Servicesoil fungus. See damaging agents; Phytophthora cinnamomisoil water potential and root activity, 693Solano County
valley oak seedling growth and survival, 301–311wildlife evaluation methods and subdivision EIRs, 527–537
Sonoma Countycontrol of Douglas-fir invasion, 275–279hardwood management by, 24valley oak seedling growth and survival, 301–311
southern California, conservation strategy for forests and woodlands, 401–410southern magnolia, tree volume equations for, 465–478Southwestern California Ecoregion Planning Group (SWEPG), 401spatial modeling and analysis
to assess potential hardwood loss, 491–497of landscape patterns, 401–410See also map compilations
special forest products, 636–641speculation and high land values, 595–596Spermophilus beecheyi. See ground squirrelsspot-mapping censuses
bird communities in grazed and ungrazed oak-pine woodlands, 381–390birds in central coastal oak woodlands, 393, 396–397See also counting of birds
spotted owl. See California spotted owl; northern spotted owl
seedlings (continued)
735USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. 1997.
Index
springs, livestock grazing and water quality, 339–346sprouts. See resproutssquirrels. See ground squirrelsstarling. See European starlingstate government
budget lacking for oak protection, 28, 34downsizing of state agencies and lack of funding, 44role of, 19–20
statistical power, optimizing for point counts of birds, 431–439Steller’s jays, acorn dispersal by, 648–650streams, livestock grazing and erosion, 331–337Strix occidentalis occidentalis. See California spotted owlsubdivisions
in Central Sierra Nevada rangeland, 593–602impact evaluation methods need improvement, 527–537See also urbanization
Sunshine Canyon Landfill, 251–256survey techniques. See population survey techniquessycamore, California spotted owl nest site characteristics in, 355–364synchrony in oak growth and reproduction, 101–108
Ttannic acid
in acorns and consumption by squirrels, 220acorns and toxicity, 14–15oak bud poisoning, 15
tanoak, herbicides to control in uneven-aged redwood forest, 199–208taxes
conservation easements and estate tax relief, 33–34estate taxes and ranchland, 599
Tehama Countyblue oak wood cutting and impact on wildlife habitat, 411–422firewood harvesting in, 575pruning blue oak resprouts to enhance growth, 667–670voluntary oak/hardwood management guidelines developed by, 13, 23
threatened statusEngelmann oak, 4landowner’s fear of, 62valley oak, 4See also endangered species
timber industryhardwoods vs. conifers, 21–22nontimber, special forest products, 636–641See also lumber
TNC. See Nature ConservancyTomahawk traps, 373–380toyon, fire history of mixed forest in Sierra foothills, 191–198transplantation
alternative techniques, 264cost of, 265mature coast live oaks, 257–266See also reciprocal transplant experiments
trapsproblems with live-trapping of small nocturnal mammals, 373–380techniques used for small mammals, 392–393
tree height. See heighttree removal. See wood cuttingtree retention program, elements of, 523–525tree-ring data, 104, 106, 107
interior live oak growth rings, 664–666tree shelters
blue oak restoration project, 267–273continued
736 USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. 1997.
Index
blue oak seedling growth and survival, 243–250California black oak seedling restoration project, 283–287coast live oak regeneration, 231–242cost of, 272direct seeding of acorns and, 679, 693retrofitting surviving seedlings with, 269, 270, 271–272
tree volume equations for urban trees, 465–478tribal communities. See Native Californianstriclopyr, for tanoak control, 201–206Tulare County, blue oak regeneration in, 177–181Tuolumne County
California black oak restoration project, 281–289hardwood management by, 23–24Wildlife Project, 528
turbidity, livestock grazing and water quality, 342
UUlmus parvifolia chinensis. See Chinese elmunderstory
in oak woodlands and savannas, 183–190vegetation in California black oak restoration area, 282–283, 284–285
uneven-aged forest management, tanoak control with herbicides, 199–208Urban Forest Utilization project, goals of, 465–466urbanization
California trends, 703–709cost of sprawl, 36–37development management planning strategies, 521–526GIS technology to assess potential hardwood loss, 491–497golf course Conservation Plan, 499–513loss of oak woodlands to development, 18, 521, 698–699new town development, 31property values and oak tree and stand condition, 613–621red-tailed hawk tolerance of, 371reservoir project and valley oaks, 583–591“Right to Farm” ordinances, 597sale or subdivision of rangeland, 593–602speculation and high land values, 595–596subdivision impact evaluation methods need improvement, 527–537tree volume equations for 10 urban species, 465–478valley oak survival and vigor in urban development sites, 515–519Vegetation Management Program (PG&E), 698wildfire and oak regeneration at the urban fringe, 559–564See also management methods; restoration projects
USDA Forest Service. See Pacific Northwest Station; Pacific Southwest Research StationUSDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. See Natural Resources Conservation Service
VVaca cages. See screen cagesvalley oak
acorn production patterns, 101–108alfalfa intercropping with seedlings, 651–656California spotted owl nest site characteristics in, 355–364CRP oak regeneration study, 661–663cultural inputs and seedling survival and growth, 301–311damaging agents in CODA database, 547downed woody material and, 423–430fire history of mixed forest in Sierra foothills, 191–198lumber suppliers of, 634mills that process, 633mitigation planning for reservoir project, 583–591mycorrhizal infection and seedling growth, 692physical and mechanical properties of, 450prescribed burning project (1987-1995), 671–678red-tailed hawk nest site characteristics in, 365–372
tree shelters (continued)
continued
737USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. 1997.
Index
restoration project on Sacramento River, 289–295seedling establishment by artificial regeneration, 213–223seedling rooting and low oxygen stress, 91–99survival and vigor related to urban development, 515–519threatened status, 4tree shelters and direct seeding, 693volume in timberland and woodland areas, 446wildfire and oak regeneration at the urban fringe, 559–564wine barrels made from, 448
values of oak woodlandshabitat quality index (HQI) for valuation, 585–586landowner attitudes toward, 626–630regional approach necessary, 17–18value contribution of tree and stand condition to property values, 613–621
Vegetation Management Program (PG&E), 698Ventura County, valley oak survival and vigor related to urban development, 515–519vertebrates
abundance and habitat associations in central coast oak woodlands, 391–400See also specific vertebrate names
video recording, and wildlife population surveys, 534vigor rating scales
for coast live oak transplant study, 258valley oak monitoring program, 516
volesdamage caused by in blue oak restoration project, 268, 270, 271hay mulch used for nesting, 309meadow voles as threat to seedling establishment, 220, 221weed control to eliminate, 291See also rodents
voluntary ordinancesfor hardwood management, 13, 23See also ordinance approach
Wwalnut woodland restoration, 697water pipeline to Santa Barbara, 28, 30, 31–31, 703watershed approach to ecosystem-based planning, 49–50watershed issues
grazing and erosion of intermittent streams, 331–337water quality and livestock grazing, 339–346
water stress. See moisture stressweather patterns, and acorn production, 101, 107weed control
blue oak restoration project, 267–273blue oak seedling growth and survival, 243–250competitive effects of alfalfa on valley oak seedlings, 651–656seedling establishment, 213–223valley oak restoration project, 291, 294–295See also herbicides
wetlands, golf course Conservation Plan to protect, 499–513white oak. See Oregon white oak; valley oakWHR. See California Wildlife Habitat Relationships databaseWild Earth Project, 528wildfire. See firewildlife
improved methods to evaluate subdivision impact on, 527–537oak habitat for, 43recommended working definition of, 534
Williamson Act, 599–600wine barrels, 448wood cutting
to control Douglas-fir invasion of oak woodland, 275–279impact on wildlife habitat in blue oak woodlands, 411–422
continued
valley oak (continued)
738 USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-160. 1997.
Index
and population trends of bird species, 431–439recommendation to mitigate removal of downed woody material, 428See also firewood
woodpeckers, acorn and Nuttall’s woodpeckers as keystone species, 396wood products
California black oaks for high-value lumber products, 457–464cork production in California, 479–484manufacturing considerations, 449–453oak woodlands as resource for higher-value products, 445–455special forest products, 636–641wood properties for various products, 448–449See also lumber
woody debris. See downed woody materialwoody root biomass, of blue oaks, 83–89wreaths, as a special forest product, 638
YYosemite Valley, California black oak restoration project, 281–289Yuba County
blue oak canopy and forage production, 321–326blue oak restoration project, 267–273blue oak seedling adaptation patterns, 109–115blue oak survival and effects of seedling protectors and weed control, 243–250livestock grazing and water quality, 339–346point counts of birds, design recommendations, 431–439seedling establishment by artificial regeneration, 213–223
ZZelkova serrata. See Japanese zelkova
wood cutting (continued)