IMMUNOLOGY

IMMUNOLOGY?

Immunology is a branch of science and biology concerned with the immunity.

Immunology is a combination of both immunity and immune system.

The word “Immuis” means free from burden and “immunitas” means exemption from government taxes and this provided the English terminology Immunity.

Immunity is a broad definition: This is a protective or defense mechanism of our body, which leads us to a healthy life.

IMMUNITY

Inborn or innate immunity: It is present at birth. This is our First Line Of Defense.

Acquired or specific: It is not present at birth but becomes part of our immune system as the lymphoid system develops.

TYPES OF IMMUNITY

Immune system is a collection of organs, tissue, & soluble factors to defend against bacteria, viruses, & tumour cells.Consist of:Primary (central) lymphoid organs in which

leukocytes developSecondary (peripheral) lymphoid organs &

tissues in which immune response occur.

IMMUNE SYSTEM?

The cells of the immune system circulate through the body via lymph and blood. Pathogens and their antigens are transported from tissues via lymphatic vessels to the lymph nodes where they encounter immune cells.

CELLS, TISSUES AND ORGANS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

Immune cells are bone marrow-derived, & distributed through out the body

Primary lymphoid organs: Thymus: T cell maturation Bone marrow (bursa of Fabricius in birds): B cell maturation

Secondary lymphoid organs: Lymph nodesSpleenMucosal lymphoid tissues (lung, gut)

Vaccination protects us from infection by inducing the adaptive immune response, but by passing the need for a primary infection

VACCINATION?

Edward Jenner(1749-1823)

&The Discovery of

Vaccination (1796)

“Vaccinia (cowpox)”

&“human

smallpox”

Autoimmunity (SLE, Arthritis, Myasthenia gravis, Graves disease)Immunodeficiency (inherited, acquired)Allergy (environment, drugs)Cancer (Leukemia, Lymphoma)

Diseases associated with immune system dysfunction

THERAPEUTICS

VaccinationAdoptive immunotherapyTransplantation