Transcript of Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al. 1/Total WPn-Abrégé Impact of the...
- Slide 1
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
1/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Impact of the aerosol
direct radiative effect on the water cycle
http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr/ ChArMEx-WP4 LA, LISA, CNRM, LOA, LSCE,
LAMP, LATMOS, ENEA, LPC2E, LPCA, ICTP, Leibniz Inst., Univ.
Catalunya, Univ. of Granada, Univ. Istanbul MISTRALS-ChArMEx,
ANR-ADRIMED, M-F, CNES & ADEME
- Slide 2
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
2/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Context All aerosol
types (dust, pollution, smoke, marine) are able to significantly
change the Med. radiative budget Dust pollution smoke ->
Sea-surface dimming associated with atmospheric Forcing for all
aerosol types ! Aerosol direct & semi direct effects have to be
included in climate simulations Radiative forcing is directly
linked to physical-chemical-optical properties, vertical structure
and mixing WP-4
- Slide 3
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
3/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg -What is the
phys.-chem.-optical properties and mixing of the main Mediterranean
aerosols (mineral dust, anthropogenic and smoke aerosols) ? - What
is the aerosol direct radiative forcing (at local and regional
scales) at the surface, TOA & into the atmosphere (SW & LW)
? - Investigate how the modifications of the radiative budget due
to aerosols forcing affect the Med. hydrological cycle for
past-present and future time ? -> interaction with HyMEx (
indirect effect) Task 1 Direct radiative effects climatic impacts
ChArMEx-WP4 : Scientific objectives Task 2 Task 3 WP-4
- Slide 4
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
4/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Surface Observations
during SOP-1a Aerosol Physical properties : SMPS (fine) and OPC
(coarse) number size ditribution Aerosol Chemical properties :
DKTI, ACSM Aerosol Optical properties : 1 PAX (total extinction
& scattering), MAAP, 3 nephelometer (scat.), 7 aethalometer
(abs.), PSAP (abs.), AERONET/PHOTON (whole-column 4 AOD, AODabs.,
SSA, refractive index) Aerosol mixing : VHTDMA Radiative fluxes :
pyranometer (SW), pyrgeometers (LW) Aerosol vertical profiles :
Lidar obs. 4/8 Ersa Lampedusa (ENEA) Secondary sites (Menorca,
Barcelona, Granada) have been also deployed LSCE Meteo.-Fr
WP-4
- Slide 5
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
5/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Aircraft operations
SOP-1a Base : Cagliari ATR-42 & F-20 operations - > ATR-42 :
10 June - 05 July - > F-20 : 17 June - 05 July WP-4
- Slide 6
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
6/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Measurements onboard
of the ATR-42 PropertiesParametersInstruments Meteorological
conditions P, T, RH, wind, Flux ATR-42 measurement Gaseous
concentrationsCO, O 3 concentrationsMOZART Aerosol physical
properties Number size distributions Grimm FSSP UHSAS SMPS Number
concentrationCPC Shape 3-stages cascade impactor Aerosol optical
properties Scattering coefficient3 Nephelometer Absorption
coefficient 7 aethalometer 3 PSAP Extinction coefficient1 CAPS
AODPlasma Aerosol chemical composition and mixing Elemental
composition, OC/EC, Filter sampling, 3-stages cascade impactor
VolatilityV-TDMA 6 First use of SP2 and CAPS systems -> ATR42
(CNRM, M-F) Aircraft observations onboard the F-20: - Vertical
structure (LNG) - Aerosol load and aerosol-clouds microphysical
properties (OSIRIS) - Upwards and downward SW & LW fluxes
(corrected by LOA for ATR & F20) WP-4
- Slide 7
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
7/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg (ATR42 & F20)
- Slide 8
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
8/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg F29-30 F31-32 F38-39
F42 F41 F35-36 Overview of ATR-42 flights during ADRIMED F33 F28
F34 Courtesy C. Denjean WP-4
- Slide 9
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
9/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg WP-4 F20 observations
Vertical Structure of aerosol Layers 2nd Dec 2013 Kerstin
Schepanski, schepanski@tropos.de 9 Courtesy J. Pelon Complex
aerosol structure with 2-3 layers MBL with Sea Salt and pollution ?
Dust plumes between 3 and 6 km Large North-South AOD gradient very
useful data for evaluating simulated dust transport over the Med.
basin Inter-comparisons with Caliop retrievals (Caliosiris CNES
project)
- Slide 10
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
10/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg 19 June20 June21 June
Lidar observations Vertical Structure of aerosol Layers Leon et
al., in prep., 2014 Large dust layer observed between 3-6 km with
moderate extinction Similar observations obtained from Barcelona
& Menorca lidar obs. Courtesy P. Chazette WP-4
- Slide 11
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
11/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Courtesy B. Torres
Torres et al., in prep. PLASMA observations Vertical Structure of
aerosol Layers PLASMA observations ATR 42 (LOA) WP-4 - PLASMA obs.
onboard the ATR-42 to derive vertical profiles of AOD - good
consistence with surface AERONET/PHOTONS - allows to document AOD
at different ! - consistent with lidar and in-situ optical data
(Torres et al., in prep. 2014)
- Slide 12
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
12/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg dV dlogD p Altitude
(m) Dust aerosols 22 june 2013, F35-36 Scat. coeff. (Mm -1 ) Numb.
conc. (#.cm -3 ) Diameter (m) Aerosol Optical Properties : 22 June
2013 Dust transport from Tunisia to Lampedusa Optical parameters
provide additional information : - Scattering Ang. Exponent (AE)
estimated from 3- nephelometer is about 1-2 in MBL (submicronic
particles -> pollution, fine marine) and 0.5-1 (mineral dust)
for altitude > 3000m - Low AE is consistent with the coarse mode
in size distribution - CAPS maxima 120 Mm -1 within the dust plume
12 C. Denjean (in prep.) In-situ observations (LISA, CNRM, LAMP)
Vertical Structure of aerosol Layers WP-4
- Slide 13
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
13/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Aerosol size
distribution Example of dust coarse mode Courtesy P. Formenti Large
variability with impacts on : - visible optical (abs.) properties -
IR optical properties - deposition dust efficiency WP-4
- Slide 14
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
14/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg WP-4 Aerosol size
distribution Ballons-LOAC observations see F. Dulac
presentation
- Slide 15
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
15/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Flight 38
(28/06/2013) Optical closure : comparison of the extinction
coefficients calculated from Nephelometer + PSAP and CAPS at =530nm
Flight 41 (02/07/2013) Flight 42 (03/07/2013) Nephelometer + PSAP
Nephelometer + PSAP Nephelometer + PSAP CAPS C. Denjean & P.
Formenti Good agreement between CAPS (ext.) and Nephelometer
(scat.) + PSAP (abs.) data New 0-D optical closure useful for
constraining absorbing properties and -> SSA Comparisons with
SSA PARASOL retrievals for mineral dust (LA-LOA EPACMED CNES
project) C. Denjean (in prep.) WP-4
- Slide 16
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
16/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg F23 F29 F30 F31 F33
F34 F35 F36 F38 F39 F41 F42 Mauritania W. Corsica 4 days Algeria
Granada 3 days Tunisia - Lampedusa 2 days Algeria - Lampedusa 5
days Algeria - W. Corsica 2 days SSA (530 nm) = 0,80 0,99 Large
variability in calculated SSA Low (absorbing) dust for flights 41
& 42 ! Ongoing analyses on the chemical composition, size
distribution, dust mixing ? C. Denjean & P. Formenti
Variability of aerosol optical properties: single scattering albedo
WP-4
- Slide 17
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
17/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg BB layers Intense
Smoke aerosol plume WP-4 Airmasses identified as Smoke from
Colorado fires ATR42 & F-20 obs. : + vertical structure +
Optical properties + SP2 data for BC aerosols
- Slide 18
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
18/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg -What is the
phys.-chem.-optical properties and mixing of the main Mediterranean
aerosols (mineral dust, anthropogenic and smoke aerosols) ? - What
is the aerosol direct radiative forcing (at local and regional
scales) at the surface, TOA & into the atmosphere (SW & LW)
? - Investigate how the modifications of the radiative budget due
to aerosols forcing affect the Med. hydrological cycle for
past-present and future time ? -> interaction with HyMEx (
indirect effect) Task 1 Direct radiative effects climatic impacts
ChArMEx-WP4 : Scientific objectives Task 2 Task 3 WP-4
- Slide 19
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
19/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg 1-D Radiative
transfer model simulations of irradiances with GAME & MODTRAN
INPUTS RTM J. Nicolas (post-doc CNRM-LA) & D. Meloni (ENEA)
OUTPUTS RTM : 1D direct rad. effect & SW heating rates
Significant SW direct forcing up to -87 W.m -2 at the surface
Nicolas et al., in prep. Meloni et al., in prep. SW Heating rate
will be calculated using fluxes data (G. Brogniez, LOA) WP-4
- Slide 20
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
20/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg RegCM model
(ICTP)CNRM Reg. Clim. Sys. Model (RCSM) (Meteo-France) Now :
updated 4-D Aerosol Climatology datas for 2003 2009 & HIST
periods (Nabat et al., AMT, 2013) but developemnt of an interactive
aerosol scheme recently RegCM4.3 includes a complete simple
interactive aerosol scheme > Dust (4Bins), OC, BC, SS (2B), SU
in external way (Solmon et al. 2008) develop. of Ocean Atmos.
coupling (RegCM with MIT & ROMS) -> slab ocean model option
(aerosol - SST interaction, Solmon et al., 2012) CNRM RCSM is a
Ocean (NEMOMED8) - Atmos. (ALADIN-Clim.) coupled model 3D radiative
effect and climate impact Regional Climate Models (RCM) strategy
GCM (~200 km) RCM (~25-50 km) WP-4
- Slide 21
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
21/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Regional simulation
designs Reference Nabat et al., ACPD, 2012b Forced by RegCM ERAIN
reanalysis RCSM SOP 1a (June-July 2013) RegCM RCSM 1980 - 2012
Aerosol direct radiative effect and climatic impact for multi-year
( 20 years) RCM simulations P. Nabat (RCSM) & A. Shalaby
(RegCM) Future CNRM ARPEGE RCP RegCM Forced by Evaluation of RCMs
simulations using SOP-1a obs. Comparison with high resolution
(Meso-NH,..) models 2030 - 2050 1990 - 2010 ERAIN reanalysis Step 1
Step 2 Step 3 ALADIN CTM-CHIMERE COSMO-M MNH (Phd. M. Claeys)
TROPOS group (see K. Schepanski presentation) LMD group (see S.
Mailler presentation) WP-4
- Slide 22
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
22/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Comparison with
ATR-42 data for aerosols extinction and size distribution profiles
(COSMO-M) Extinction measured by CAPS on-board ATR-42 Upper-level
dust loading overestimated Kerstin Schepanski, schepanski@tropos.de
22 model observ. 22 nd Jan 2014 model SMPS GRIMM Size distribution
measured by SMPS and GRIMM instruments on-board ATR-42 Particle
size distribution well represented by model within the dust plume
Courtesy K. Schepanski WP-4
- Slide 23
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
23/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Vertical Structure of
Dust Layers LNG F20 data Comparison to F20 LNG observations (atten.
backscatter at 532 nm) In simulation: corresponding dust
concentrations lower The complex 2-layer structure absent in model
simulation Courtesy K. Schepanski 2nd Dec 2013 Kerstin Schepanski,
schepanski@tropos.de 23 WP-4
- Slide 24
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
24/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg RegCM simulation WP-4
+ large surface SW forcing (mean of - 9 W.m -2 ) + strong
North-South gradient in SW TOA forcing due to surface albedo and
moderate dust SSA cooling heating + small bias & moderate to
low temporal correlation (no BB event) compared to CTM-CHIMERE
- Slide 25
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
25/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Climate simulations
WP-4 PhD P. Nabat
- Slide 26
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
26/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg WP-4 PhD P.
Nabat
- Slide 27
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
27/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg WP-4 PhD P.
Nabat
- Slide 28
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
28/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Nabat et al. Clim.
Dyn., 2014
- Slide 29
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
29/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg Thank you for your
attention !
- Slide 30
- Audition MISTRALS/ChArMEx, Orly, 5 sept. 2014, X. Nom et al.
30/Total http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr WPn-Abrg AOD observations
AERONET-PHOTONS network (LOA) -> excellent spatial coverage with
more than 10 AERONET/PHOTONS sites over the Western basin during
SOP-1a -> observations indicate moderate 0.2-0.7 (440nm) AOD in
the vis. -> AOD mainly due to the fine fraction during BB event
but not for mineral dust -> useful data for evaluating 3-D CTM
and RCM for AOD (total, fine & coarse) WP-4