Post on 22-Jan-2021
Demonstration and Installation of MTBE Biobarriers at Naval Base
Ventura County, Port Hueneme, CA
Karen Miller Dr. Paul Johnson Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center Arizona State University
karen.miller1@navy.mil paul.c.johnson@asu.edu
MTBE Biobarriers - NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA 1
Treatment of MTBE-contaminated aquifers through:
• inoculation with MTBE-degrading organisms (MC-100 and SC-100)
• aeration/ oxygenation of the aquifer
2 -
Biobarrier Technology Overview
Treatment of MTBE-contaminated aquifers through:
• inoculation with MTBE-degrading organisms (MC100 and SC-100)
• aeration/ oxygenation of the aquifer
Apply biobarrier technology to a mixed MTBE-BTEX
dissolved plume
O2
Saturated Zone
Zone
LUST
Injection
MTBE Biobarriers NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA
MTBE Plume
Generator
Groundwater Flow
Vadose
Oxygen
Monitoring wells
Inoculated Zone
3 -
NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA
ESTCP Biobarrier Demonstration
N
P&T System
MTBE Biobarriers NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA
Demonstration System Design
(1) Treatment system must not alter the natural flow path
(2) Modular and flexible with respect to operating conditions.
(1) Close well spacing
(2) Injection at two depths
(3) Pulsed gas injection (air and O2)
[trapped gas supplies oxygen for days after injection]
MTBE Biobarriers - NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA 4
Biobarrier Subsurface Features
Monitoring wells O2 delivery wells
silt/sand
medium fine sand
15 ft
20 ft
Subs
urfa
ce F
eatu
res
K in
crea
ses
≈
Dee
p
Shal
low
0.3 ft/d
MTBE Biobarriers - NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA 5
6 MTBE Biobarriers - NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA
SCSC--100 &100 & AirAir
Section AirAirOxygenOxygenAir Only
MCMC--100 &100 &Oxygen Only OxygenOxygen
MC-100 & Oxygen SC-100 & Oxygen Oxygen Only Air Only
AirAir
OxygenOxygen
SCSC--100 &100 & OxygenOxygen
AirAirFootage 0 – 120 ft
120 – 220 ft 220 – 290 ft 290 - 360 ft 360 - 410 ft 410 – 500 ft
MTBE Distribution
Pre-gas 20injection
-20 -600 -550 -500 -450 -400 -350 -300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 5
1 mo. post injection 20
1-20
-600 -550 -500 -450 -400 -350 -300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0
2 yrs. post 0.1 20injection
-20 -600 -550 -500 -450 -400 -350 -300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 0.01
(mg/L)
Groundwater flow
MTBE Biobarriers - NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA 7
TBA Concentrations
March 2002 South EM-6-7 EM-6-4 EM-6-1
202000
-20-20EM-1-2EM-1-4EM-1-6EM-1-8EM-1-10
North
11-600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0-600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0
October 2002
2020
EM-1-2EM-1-4EM-1-6EM-1-8EM-1-10
EM-6-1EM-6-4EM-6-7
North
South
0.10.100-20-20
-600 -500 -400 -300 -200-600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100-100 00
0.010.01
Groundwater flow mg/L 0.0050.005
MTBE Biobarriers - NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA 8
9 -
Final Remedy Options for NBVC
MTBE Biobarriers NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA
• Installation Costs:$500K to install two additional biobarriers (a 400 foot wide and a 500 foot biobarrier)
• O&M Costs:$125K/year
• Advantage: –Completely contains MTBE plume–Protects against future spills–No groundwater or other disposal costs
Installation of Two Additional Biobarriers
• Installation Costs: $500K to install two additional biobarriers (a 400 foot wideand a 500 foot biobarrier)
• O&M Costs: $125K/year
• Advantage: –Completely contains MTBEplume –Protects against future spills –No groundwater or otherdisposal costs
MTBE Biobarriers - NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA 10
11 -
MTBE Biobarrier Diagram
MTBE Biobarriers NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA
Leading Edge Biobarrier
• 400 feet wide biobarrier • Wells on 8 foot spacing (96 wells) • Multi-level injection depth
MTBE Biobarriers - NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA 12
October 2002 (ug/L)
13 -
MTBE Isoconcentration Contour Map, October 2004
MTBE Biobarriers NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA
Status of NBVC Biobarriers, Oct 2004
• Eleven wells sampled along the lateral boundaries of the historical MTBE plume indicate that the lateral extent of the plume is remaining relatively stable.
• The monitoring data indicates that the leading-edge biobarrier is effectively containing the MTBE plume.
• The Navy is planning to shut down the pump and treat system after receiving approval from the Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board.
MTBE Biobarriers - NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA 14
3/7/2005
Prediction of Groundwater Quality Improvement Down-Gradient of In-Situ Permeable Treatment
Barriers and Fully Remediated Source Zones
NFESC POC: Laura YehASU Investigators: Paul Dahlen, Pamela Maass,
Dr. Paul Johnson
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY TEST SITE SERDP/ESTCP IPR 04
Technical Objective
Test our ability to anticipate changes in down-gradient water quality with time for permeable reaction barriers (PRB) that bisect dissolved plumes
PRB ?
This is important for
realistic expectations
performance
PMs and regulators to be able to establish
for PRB system
The movement of treated water and water quality improvements with time NOT the dynamics of
are the focus of this study detached plume movement
MTBE Biobarriers - NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA 16
Background
PRB Performance Monitoring & Issues
• Ideally, a PRB is installed at the leading edge of a plume; however, other factors may dictate its placement up-gradient - thereby bisecting the plume.
• Performance of PRB systems is generally determined by monitoring up- and down-gradient concentrations as well as concentrations in the treatment zone, and then looking for
PRB Monitoringchanges between them.
MTBE Biobarriers - NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA 17
Background
PRB Performance Monitoring & Issues Travel
Based on empirical observations, groundwater quality down-gradient of PRB’s rarely responds as quickly as anticipated based on concentrations measured in the treatment zone and conventional groundwater travel time/modeling estimates.
This can lead some to conclude that the system is “not working”.
Time
Time
Time
Time
Con
cent
ratio
n
MTBE Biobarriers - NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA 18
NBVC Port Hueneme was chosen because:
• The site is already reasonably well-characterized
• There is a well-understood large-scale PRB, with extensive operating data, an accessible GeoProbe unit, and shallow groundwater.
• MTBE is a reasonable surrogate for other relatively recalcitrant chemicals
19 -
Field Site NBVC Port Hueneme was chosen because:
• well-characterized
•
extensive operating data, an accessible GeoProbe unit, and shallow groundwater.
• surrogate for other relatively recalcitrant chemicals
?
Performance Monitoring Region
System start-up Sept. 2000
ND
mg/L levels
MTBE Biobarriers NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA
The site is already reasonably
There is a well-understood large-scale PRB, with
MTBE is a reasonable (400+ wells)
Groundwater velocity: 1 ft/d
Field Work - Year 1Biobarrier Monitoring Wells
Water sampling at 11' and 17'
Detailed Sampling (Water samples and K estimates on 1' intervals from 9' to 20') Slug Test Sites
Soil Sample Locations
EM6-1EM6-2EM6-3EM6-4EM6-5EM6-6
EM6-7
EM6-8EM6-9EM6-10
EM6-11EM South EM North
ASU 7
ASU 6
ASU 1 ASU 2 ASU 4
ASU 3
ASU 8
ASU 5
CBC25 CBC37
CBC41
CBC40 CBC39
CBC38
CBC42
DS-1
EM1-3
EM1-4EM1-5
EM1-6
EM1-7EM1-8EM1-9
EM1-10
EM1-11
EM1-2 EM1-1DS-49
DS-48DS-47
DS-46
DS-45
SS-44
SS-43
SS-42
DS/SS-41
DS-40
DS-39
DS/SS-38
SS-37
SS-36
DS-35
DS-34
DS-33
SS-32
DS-31
DS/SS-30
DS/SS-29 DS-28
SS-27
DS-26 DS/SS-25
SS-24DS-23
SS-22
DS-21
SS-20 DS/SS-19
SS-18
DS-17SS-16
DS-15 DS/SS-14
DS-13
DS-12
DS-11DS-10DS-9DS-8
DS-7
DS/SS-6
DS-5
DS-4
DS-3
DS-2
Biobarrier
flow Groundwater
450
350
250
150
50
-50
-150
-250
-350 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 -100
Distance Along Biobarrier (ft)
MTBE Biobarriers - NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA 20
Recreated from pre-demonstration EM6-X concentrations and limited wellInitial Plume… data
[ft]
-600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0
0
10
100
1000
1500
5000
10000
Biobarrier
MTBE Conc. [ug/L]
[ft]
100
200
300
400
Groundwater flow [at 1 ft/d]
MTBE Biobarriers - NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA 21
Year 1 Field Work Concentrations at 11 ft BGS (April + July data)
[ft]
-600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0
0
0 25 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700
MTBE Conc. [ug/L]
[ft]Biobarrier
0.02<K/Kmax<0.2
100
200
300
400
Groundwater flow [at 1 ft/d]
MTBE Biobarriers - NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA 22
Year 1 Field Work Concentrations at 13 ft BGS (April + July data)
[ft]
-600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0
0
100
200
300
400
0 25 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700
MTBE Conc. [ug/L]
[ft]Biobarrier
0.8<K/Kmax<1
Groundwater flow [at 1 ft/d]
MTBE Biobarriers - NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA 23
Concentrations at 17 ft BGS (April +Year 1 Field Work July data)
-600 -500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0
0
0 25 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700
MTBE Conc. [ug/L]
[ft]
[ft]
Biobarrier
0.05<K/Kmax<0.1
100
200
300
400
Groundwater flow [at 1 ft/d]
MTBE Biobarriers - NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA 24
Concentrations along plume centerline (vertical slice) (April + July data)
Year 1 Field Work
-18
-16
-14
-12
-10
DS4
8
DS4
5
DS/
SS41
DS3
3
DS3
1
DS2
1
DS1
3
DS/
SS 6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
2
1
6
25
3
7
3
3
1
27
580
6
2
6
13
17
14
14
31
536
7
5
10
7
18
32
120
471
216
12
9
10
20
35
480
317
180
182
6
14
13
10
14
29
80
148
394
77
34
17
16
13
13
15
27
222
482
140
86
10
11
13
12
33
168
352
418
513
507
[ft]
EM
6-6
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Biobarrier Groundwater [ft]flow [at 1 ft/d]
MTBE Biobarriers - NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA 25
Transition Plan
• Disseminate results to RPMs via NFESC’s Technology Transfer Program (RITS, RPM newsletters, web page).
• Final Report to be “how to” manual with example and any new calculation tools developed from this work.
• Peer reviewed Journal article
• Workshop/presentation/poster (as desired), at the end of the project to be presented at the SERDP/ESTCP Symposium, Tri-Service Environmental Conference or a Battelle conference.
MTBE Biobarriers - NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA 26
Publications
• Johnson, P.C., K.D. Miller, and C.L. Bruce 2004. A Practical Approach to the Design, Monitoring, and Optimization of In-Situ MTBE Aerobic Biobarriers. NFESC Technical Report TR-2257-ENV
• Johnson, P.C., K.D. Miller, and C.L. Bruce. 2003. ESTCP Final Report, In-Situ Bioremediation of MTBE in Groundwater. NFESC Technical Report TR-2222-ENV
• Miller, K.D., P.C. Johnson and C.L. Bruce. 2003. ESTCP Cost and Performance Report, In-Situ Bioremediation of MTBE in Groundwater. NFESC Technical Report TR-2216-ENV
MTBE Biobarriers - NBVC, Port Hueneme, CA 27