Post on 17-Sep-2015
description
Modes of Failure in Revision Hip and Knee ReplacementKevin J. Bozic, MD, MBAHarry E. Rubash, MD
J. Berry, MDKhaled J. Saleh, MD, MPHSridhar M. Durbhakula, MD
Its like dj vu all over again!
BackgroundTotal joint replacement is one of the most commonly performed and successful operations in orthopaedics as defined by clinical outcomes and implant survivorship*
*
BackgroundTotal joint replacement (TJR) is one of the most cost-effective procedures in all of medicine.
TJA Volume Estimates
Chart1
37500086250
485000121250
620800173824
807040242112
1073363.2354209.856
1449040.32507164.112
1956204.432684671.5512
Projections*
Primary TJA
Revision TJA
Year
Number of Procedures
Primary and Revision TJA Procedures Performed in the US
THA Volume in US
Estimates of Primary and Revision THA Procedures in the US
Projections
Year1991199219931994199519961997199819992000200520102015202020252030
Primary TJA117000127000125000124000134000138000144000160000168000375000485000620800807040107336314490401956204
Revision TJA25000230002600028000290003000030000330003700086250121250173824242112354210507164684672
Total142000150000151000152000163000168000174000193000205000461250
% Revisions18%15%17%18%18%18%17%17%18%19%20%22%23%25%26%26%
21%18%21%23%22%22%21%21%22%23%25%28%30%33%35%35%
0.8227638127
Year1905190519051905190519051905
Primary THA172000175000184200203500226000251300273800
Revision THA39560437505157661050745808795595830
THA Volume in US
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Projections*
Primary TJA
Revision TJA
Year
Number of Procedures
Primary and Revision THA Procedures Performed in the US
Case Mix
Ratio of Primary:Revision THARatio of Primary:Revision TKA
200220012000200220012000
National {Statistics, 2002 #22}94:06:0094:06:0093:07:0096:04:0096:04:0096:04:00
UCSF70:30:0064:36:0063:37:0077:23:0077:23:0079:21:00
Primary TJA ProceduresRevision TJA Procedures
National94%6%
UCSF71%29%
Primary TJA ProceduresRevision TJA Procedures
National95%5%
UCSF70%30%
Primary THA ProceduresRevision TJA Procedures
National95%5%
UCSF73%27%
Primary TJA ProceduresRevision TJA Procedures
UCSF71%29%
Primary TJA ProceduresRevision TJA Procedures
UCSF70%30%
Primary TJA ProceduresRevision TJA Procedures
UCSF73%27%
Primary THA ProceduresRevision THA Procedures
US Averages82%18%
Academic Medical Centers66%34%
Primary TJA ProceduresRevision TJA Procedures
UCSF72%28%
19981999200020012002
27130 (Primary Total Hip Replacement)6441103127142
27134 (Revision Total Hip Replacement)3019607062
27447 (Primary Total Knee Replacement)6245126134147
27487 (Revision Total Knee Replacement)187344045
Total Number of Arthroplasty Procedures174112323371396
66%
Primary THA ProceduresRevision THA Procedures
Academic Medical Centers66%34%
Case Mix
0
0
UCSF
Sheet2
00
00
US Averages
Academic Medical Centers
Sheet3
0
0
Academic Medical Centers
Year19951996199719981999
Operating Margin6%5%4%3%2%
Year19951999
Operating Margin6%2%
Operating MarginYear
6%1995
2%1999
Year200520102015202020252030
Primary THA175000184200203500226000251300273800
Revision THA437505157661050745808795595830
Total
11700025000
12700023000
12500026000
12400028000
13400029000
13800030000
14400030000
16000033000
16800037000
17200039560
17500043750
18420051576
20350061050
22600074580
25130087955
27380095830
Projections*
Primary THA
Revision THA
Year
Number of Procedures
Primary and Revision THA Procedures Performed in the US
Source: AHRQ, HCUPnet, 2002 Nationwide Inpatient Sample, http://hcup.ahrq.gov/HCUPnet.asp, site accessed on July 26, 2004. Total Hip Replacement is sum of ICD9-CM Procedure Codes 81.51 and 81.53. 81.51 Total Hip Replacement, 81.53 Revise Hip Replacement. NIS data is collected for calendar years (January December). Routine discharge is discharge to home only. Discharge to another institution includes discharge to SNF and IRF.U.S. TJR Payer Mix
DRG 209/471: 1998-2002% of Medicare Discharges% of Medicare Inpatient Charges
TJR FailureDespite the success achieved with most primary TJR procedures, factors related to implant longevity and a younger, more active patient population have led to a steady increase in the number of failed TJRs
Problem with Current ICD-9-CM Diagnosis CodesCurrently, all failed TJRs are coded as either:996.4 Mechanical complication of an internal orthopedic device, implant, or graft:Mechanical complications involving external fixation device using internal screw(s), pin(s), or other methods of fixation; grafts of bone, cartilage, muscle, or tendon; internal fixation device such as nail, plate, rod, etc.
996.6 Infection and inflammatory reaction due to internal joint prosthesis
Problem with Current ICD-9-CM Diagnosis CodesNew technologies and surgical techniques are constantly being introduced into the marketplace
Despite careful laboratory testing, a certain percentage of new technologies are associated with higher rates of clinical failure
Current ICD-9-CM Diagnosis codes limit our ability to track clinical outcomes and complications related to new techniques and technologies in TJR
TJA: Indications
ArthritisBackgroundArthritis is the second most common chronic condition in the US (sinusitis is first)Most common among elderly
20-30% of people over age 70 suffer from osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip
Arthritis affects over 32 million people in the US
Total costs associated with arthritis are over $82B/year, including hospital and drug costs, nursing home costs, and lost productivity and work
Treatment Options: Non-operativeActivity ModificationWeight LossCane/walkerPhysical TherapyMedications:NSAIDsCOX-2 InhibitorsNutritional supplementsInjections:CorticosteroidViscosupplementation
Surgical Treatment OptionsJoint preserving operationsArthroscopyCartilage transplantationOsteotomy
Arthroplasty Options:HemiarthroplastyResurfacing arthroplastyTotal joint arthroplasty
Goals of Joint Replacement SurgeryRelieve pain!!!
Restore function, mobility
AnatomyHip
THA Implants
Implant ChoiceCemented:Elderly (>65)Low demandBetter early fixation? late loosening
Implant ChoiceCementless:YoungerMore activeProtected weight-bearing first 6 weeks? Better long-term fixation
Technique: Total Hip ReplacementFemoral neck resection
Technique: Total Hip ReplacementAcetabular reamingInsertion of acetabular component
Technique: Total Hip ReplacementReaming/broaching of femoral componentInsertion of femoral component
Technique: Total Hip ReplacementFemoral head impactionFinal implant
AnatomyKnee
Knee ReplacementImplantsPatellar component
Knee ReplacementBone Cuts
Knee ReplacementImplants
Knee ReplacementImplants
Causes of TJR FailureWear of articular bearing surfaceAseptic/mechanical looseningOsteolysisInfectionInstabilityPeri-prosthetic fractureImplant Failure
Timing of TJR FailureEarly ( 5 yrs post op)Wear of articular bearing surfaceOsteolysisMechanical looseningPeri-prosthetic fracture
Dislocation/Instability
Infection
Wear of Articular Bearing Surface
Osteolysis
Aseptic/Mechanical Loosening
Peri-Prosthetic FractureSri: PP fracture
Implant Failure
Major Osseous Defects
Major Osseous Defects
Benefits of Revised CodesMEDPAR databaseRobust source of data for evaluating clinical outcomes, complication rates, and resource utilization in TJR
However, current ICD-9 codes do not distinguish between the type of orthopedic device failure or the cause of TJR failure
Benefits of Revised CodesAbility to specify the cause of implant failure
Ability to evaluate implant-specific TJR failure rates => refine indications, surgical technique, and implant choice
Facilitates steady, continuous quality improvement by shortening the time span for detection of poor performance of new techniques and technologies
Benefits of Revised CodesAmerican Joint Replacement Registry(AJRR)GoalsAccurately define the epidemiology of TJR in the U.S.Identify risk factors for poor outcomesTo improve outcomes through continuous feedback to participating centers and surgeons
The success of this project is critically dependent on having revised ICD-9-CM Codes that differentiate between different modes of failure in TJA!!
Benefits of Revised CodesCredited with substantially reducing revision rates through early identification of failures Revision rate of 8% (vs. 17% in U.S.)Estimated that over 11,000 revisions have been avoidedDirect cost savings of $140 million
SummaryHip and knee replacement are commonly performed and highly successful operations
Most TJRs last 10-15 years or more
SummaryWhen failure does occur, the type and cause of failure will determine the type of revision joint replacement procedure performed (partial vs. total)
SummaryCurrent ICD-9-CM Diagnosis codes do not provide any information regarding the type or cause of implant failure
Revised codes will benefit patients, providers, and payors by facilitating continuous feedback and improvement in clinical outcomes in TJR
Thank You!!!
Questions??