Post on 30-Jun-2015
description
This workshop is for the Singapore
SPED Conference, November 2014
Amanda Hartmann Inclusive Technology Consultant (Speech Pathologist)
Spectronics Consultancy Team !
consultants@spectronics.com.au
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bit.ly/SPED-assistivetechnology
Handout Landing page
Today is about….
“I can buy the same golf clubs as Tiger Woods, but I can’t
play his game. Innovation is not in the tools - it’s in the use of them.”
John R. Wooden
Exploring
AT OptionsDeciding the BEST OPTION
Integrating
AT ImplementationPractical ideas and strategies for the classroom
Transforming classrooms
ACTION PLANBe ready to make a plan of action for change and implementation
into your classrooms
# 1 Reason
for Abandonment
People give up too soon
Technology Across Platforms
Students with moderate-to-high support needs
Disabilities Common difficulties
Strengths & Weaknesses
PRESUME COMPETENCE
What currently happens in
your classrooms?
Discuss
Access
Direct/indirect Switches
Switch interfaces Mouse control
Eye Gaze
REWARD
EFFORT
REWARD
EFFORT
REWARD EFFORT
Direct Access
Touch screen technology Made previously impossible, possible!
Size of surface and targets Touch pressure
Crossing midline - Access all targets Not just touch, but drag, pinch, swipe, etc.
Hand dominance Finger isolation
Direct Access: Considerations for Success
Switch access
Switch Access: Considerations for success
Mounting Positioning
Type of switch
Switch assessment
http://acecentre.org.uk/Websites/aceoldham/images/InfoSheets/SwAssessmentFramework.pdf
http://talksense.weebly.com/switching-skills.html
Switching to Success
Stepping Stones to Switching SuccessLinda Burkart
• Single switch: cause effect • Single switch: multiple locations • Single switch: simple scanning • Two switches: two functions • Learning to two switch step scan (move, get/choose) • Two switch step scan: errorless learning • Two switch scanning to a target • Two switch scanning for accuracy • Two switch scanning: reduce time for success &
demonstrate knowledge
Switch Interfaces
click
key press!Eg. SPACE
Connect switch to iPad
Switch Accessible Apps
click
key press!Eg. SPACE
Connect switch to PC
Switch Accessible Software
https://delicious.com/chacullen/switch_activities bit.ly/switchsuccess
http://www.ianbean.co.uk/programs.html
Switch Control on the iPad
external
camera
screen
3 ways to access switch control
on iPad
Item Mode
Point Mode
Keyboard/ Mouse Alternatives
Eye gaze/ Head pointing
Discuss Analyse the ACCESS skills of some students in your class
Early Learning & Engagement
Cause and effect Concepts
Vocabulary Pre-literacy
Pre-numeracy Engagement and interaction
Discuss current practice
• attention development (focus on a person, object or event)
• cognitive development (object permanence, cause-effect)
• visual development (eye contact, visual tracking, joint attention)
• auditory development (attention to sound, sound localisation,
processing sounds)
• tactile development (exploration with mouth and hands)
• imitation development (gesture, movement, sound)
• social communication development (turn-taking, seeking and
responding to interaction.
Remember to consider ACCESS options
Cause and Effect
Cause & Effect Sensory Light Box Reactickles Magic Sensory Apps Peekaboo Farm (& others) Big Bang Pictures Peeping Musicians Little Lost Penguin ILoveFireworks Stop & Go !
Cause & Effect AppsGROUP
TASK
PowerLink 4
PC-based Software and Programs
http://www.ianbean.co.uk
http://www.helpkidzlearn.com
• Lego Bricks and more • OWLIE BOO Educational Games • CBeebies Games • Papunet Games • SEN Switcher by Northern Grid for Learning • Priory Woods School Switch / Touch Screen Videos • Specialbites • Shiny Learning’s Free Games • HelpKidzLearn • Ginger Tiger
More Websites
Music
Virtuoso Piano Real Guitar Drums Mad Pad (smule) Songify Toca Band Sago Mini Sound Box B&F Piano
Music Apps
Listening to Music on the iPad
http://www.spectronics.com.au/blog/apps-and-mobile-learning/listen-to-the-music-using-timed-play-and-switches-on-the-ipad/
P
BEAMZ Interactive Music System
Song innovation
Engagement and Communication opportunities!
Choice Music Boards Clicker 6
Boardmaker Plus
http://www.spectronics.com.au/blog/techniques-and-tips/creating-a-choice-board-to-play-music/
…. Or even MOVIES! Choice Board for Movies in Clicker 6!
http://www.spectronics.com.au/blog/techniques-and-tips/making-a-choice-board-for-playing-movies/
Early Learning
Bugs & Bubbles My Playhome Toca Kitchen Monsters Aunty Maggies Recipe Choose it Maker 3 Bitsboard Pro Sago Mini Pet Cafe Smarty Pants Sound Touch !
!
Early Learning AppsGROUP
TASK
PC-based Software and Programs
http://www.helpkidzlearn.com
BONUS FUN TIP: Use a switch to take a photo on the iPad
http://www.spectronics.com.au/blog/apps-and-mobile-learning/everybody-say-cheese-using-a-switch-to-take-a-photo-or-video-on-the-ipad/
H
Workstations Explore different tools for Early
Learning at work stations
Make it fun, age-appropriate, motivating, relevant and purposeful! Look for ways to engage and interact!
Create opportunities for communication and literacy!
Early Learning Final Tips
Discuss Goal setting for Early Learning
in your Classroom
Communication
Communication systems Students with little or no speech
AAC Social communication
Remember to consider ACCESS options
VS.
Classroom Communication
Activities
Communication Systems for
Individual students
Augmentative communication is the use of materials or techniques that supplement existing verbal abilities.
Alternative communication is communication methods used by a person without any verbal ability.
(Vanderheiden and Yoder, 1986)
Alternative and augmentative communication (AAC)
Alternative and augmentative communication (AAC)
Strategies, techniques, aides and tools that support a person with little or no speech
When to use AAC?
No age prerequisite As speech is developing To support speech that is hard to understand When no speech has developed !
Where to use AAC?
Everywhere. Anywhere.
Who should use AAC?
Everyone. Anyone.
Types of AAC
AAC Myths & RealitiesRomski, M., & Sevcik, R. A. (2005). Augmentative communication and early intervention: Myths and realities. Infants & Young Children, 18(3), 174-185.
Symbols vs Photos
• iconicity = how easy it is to recognise image/picture/symbol • iconicity of symbols - does not affect early language acquisition
!
!
studies showed that children, with consistent input, learnt what the symbols meant,
regardless of how easy/hard/closely matched to the real object the symbol was
Problems - photos over symbols
• Unclear photos & photos with distractions • Emphasis on nouns - naming and choice making • Does it limit flexibility? Drink-cup example
For communication
Symbols as main !visual medium
With occasional photos as needed.
Supported and linked to REAL
OBJECTS
Symbol Consistency• Want generalisation and matching of symbols, especially
nouns, verbs, adjectives • Does not matter what symbol/photo you use for these • Do need to PICK and STICK to core words that are more
difficult to represent visually
VOCABULARY Consistency of words and symbols
!
!
MotivatingEngaging
Interactive
PurposefulFun
Best
Prac
tice
ChoicesComments
ProtestsQuestions
Feelings
Opinions
News telling
Help
Communication is for....
Best
Prac
tice
Include a mix of:!
• Preplanned!
• Activity- specific!
• Scripted!
• Fast phrases & sentences!
• Core word for independent generation
Vocabulary to programBe
st Pr
actic
e
Vocab for today...Planning for tomorrow.....
Best
Prac
tice
Activity-specific vocabulary
Best
Prac
tice
Core vocabularyBe
st Pr
actic
e
Discuss How communication
happens in your classroom
Discuss current practice
PLANNING CLASSROOM COMMUNICATION ACTIVITES
PLANNING CLASSROOM COMMUNICATION ACTIVITES
DISCUSS: Who is it for?
When & where will it be used? How will it look?
What is it trying to achieve?
Choice Making
SO MANY Opportunities!
• Lots of opportunities to make choices • Choices from real objects is easy for beginnning
learners • Symbol choice cards or boards can also be useful • In classrooms: choice of: toys, food, activities,
colours, who, songs, where, art, etc.
PECSPicture Exchange Communication System
can lead to choice boards, symbol boards and communication devices
VS
LOW TECH HIGH TECH
Boardmaker
Tools 2 Talk Proloquo2Go
+ Many AAC APPS!
Sounding Board
Dynavox T10
Group task: Create a Choice Board
Sounding Board
ChoicesComments
ProtestsQuestions
Feelings
Opinions
News telling
Help
Remember to EXTEND vocabulary!
Aided Language Stimulation
Aided Language Stimulation
Goossens', Crain, & Elder (1992)
Point as you TALK!Modelling symbol use
Modelling how the symbols can be used to say real things in real situations
Aided Language Stimulation
Students with little or no speech will have difficulty learning to using symbols (aids) for communication if people around them
never model the use of them.
model interactively
model throughout the day
Gayle Porter
• Model language using symbol boards • Model all parts of communication function:
requesting, asking questions, initiating, commenting – not just responding to teacher questions!
• Individuals learn to communicate in the way they experience the system of communication being used
Aided Language Stimulation
Aided Language Stimulation
Success for the users = They need ALS to be: • frequently use • repeated often • interactive • in real and everyday activities
Group task: Use ALS board
Play Toca Kitchen Monsters on iPad and use ALS board
Aided Language Displays
• Aided Language Displays are NOT choice making boards.
• Choice making boards supplement these boards • E.g. during lunch time there is a choice board for
foods followed by lunch conversation board
Lunchtime ALS
VS
Creating ALS boards
Choosing activities for ALS
• What happens across the day? • How frequently does it occur? • What activities are motivating?
Choosing messages for ALS
• Think about what things you would say to each other when you do the activity
• Focus on messages that the user could “say”, rather than just teacher instructional words
• 12 - 36 messages per activity (depending on student ability level)
• Write them down and decide which ones will go on the board
Top tip: SCRIPTING!
Words or phrases on ALS boards?
• Cognitive level of the user • Language goals • Selection technique/ physical access • Time dependent nature of the activity • Effort vs Payoff
Quick and Successful vs. Word Combinations
Group task: Design ALS board• Fold paper to 4 x 3 grid • Choose a motivating high
frequency activity • Plan a list of words that could be
used in the activity • Include vocabulary such as
names, actions, positions, requests, commands....
• Design them on the paper. • Try to keep left to right
Rough outline of words on ALS boards
Starters eg. I Questions social
Verbs Adjectives,eg. colours big.more, etc. Prepositions, eg in
Nouns
Colour-coding can be used
Examples for: Everyday Routines
Curriculum Activities/Games
Stories/Books Songs/Rhymes
137
VS
LOW TECH HIGH TECH
Boardmaker
Tools 2 Talk Proloquo2Go
+ Many AAC APPS!
Sounding Board
Dynavox T10
Screen Capture ie. Photo of what’s currently on the iPad screen
Core words
Core Vocabulary
Based on teaching student to use frequently used/ common words on their AAC system, which helps them to
learn independent generation
Core Vocabulary
FRINGE VOCAB • Low frequency words
• Only useful in one or two situations
• Often related to a specific topic
CORE VOCAB • High frequency words
• Can be combined to get your message across in lots of different situations
VS
1. Example of core word vocabularies: PODD
• developed by Gayle Porter
• PODD is a way of organising whole word and symbol vocabulary in a communication book or speech generating device to provide immersion and modelling for learning.
High tech (Dynavox T10/Compass)
PODD= Pragmatic Organisation Dynamic Display
Low tech (PODD book)
2. Example of Core word vocabulary: Proloquo2Go
• Core word vocabulary on Proloquo2Go
• Easy to personalise and customise
• http://www.assistiveware.com
Social Communication
Social Communication
Social communication and interactions make up a large part of our day.
Small talk
Greetings & Farewells
Storytelling
Social Communication
• Refer to the work and research by Janice Light: • http://praacticalaac.org/praactical/communicative-
competence-in-aac/ • Reminds us of the importance that social
interaction and social competence plays in communication
Small Talk
• greetings (eg. Hey!) • openers (eg. What’s up? How are you?) • commenting/ continuers (eg. cool, awesome,
bummer, Really? Tell me more) ***most common • Often not included in an AAC vocabulary system
Small talk in AAC• Include vocabulary that allows AAC users to make
comments and small talk.
• Include generic small talk that can be applied to a wide variety of social situations.
• Choose words that relevant to the person’s age and culture, eg. “bummer”; “Totes amazing”, etc.
Snappy chat
The range of apps by Snappy Chat - have great words for SMALL TALK and Social interaction
Sequenced Social Scripts
• GOALS for students using Sequenced Social Scripts: • Learn about conversations •Develop turntaking skills • Learn to interact with a variety of partners • Enjoy successful interactions
REFERENCE: “Can We Chat? Co-Planned Sequenced Social Scripts: A Make It / Take It Book of Ideas and Adaptations”
by Caroline Musselwhite and Linda Burkhart
Sequenced Social Scripts
• We write Social Scripts for interactions such as joke-telling, sharing life stories and general conversations
• Opportunity to use 'real' communication for conversational purposes
• Fun and engaging with great social interaction
Sequenced Social Scripts
Anatomy of a social script
Attention getters Starters
Maintainers, holders and interjections Turn transfers
Closings
What to include in a social script…
Program the script onto: !Step by Step Communicators
Personal Storytelling
• Use symbols and photos to create Chat books • Low tech and high tech • Social starters • Engagement • Connection with people around them • Personal histories, about me, recounts
Create in: Boardmaker Powerpoint
Clicker 6
Group task: Create a Personal History
Book Creator
VISUAL SCENE DISPLAYS
Visual Scene Displays
VSDs portray events, people, actions, objects and activities against the backgrounds in which they exist.
Communication, schedules, video modelling
Visual Scene Displays
Scene & Heard Autismate
VSD Apps
Environment
Engineering the Environment Symbols, everywhere, and easily accessible
We use symbols to label the environment
The Autism Helper Great website!
20 second rule
101 WAYS TO HAVE FUN COMMUNICATING WITH A: BIGMACK
http://talksense.weebly.com/feature-101-ideas-for-a-bigmack.htmlhttp://www.spectronics.com.au/article/101-ideas-for-using-the-bigmack-or-other-single-message-communication-devices-3
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS FOR INDIVIDUAL STUDENTS
Exposure to symbols, symbol boards, core words in the classroom Share resources home
Trial high-tech systems in class Implement AAC system with personalisation and customisation
Model, model, model
!
bit.ly/AACassessment
AAC Assessment
"Dance with the girl you brought"
Caroline Musselwhite!http://www.aacintervention.com/
Before you do anything....
Consult
Trial
Invest time and money
An individuals success depends on……..
Customise and
personalise
Planning vocabulary needed
Modelling
Receptive input by all
Discuss How you may set up a
communication system for an individual student
in your class?
COMMUNICATION ON IPADS
Since April 2010
Benefits & Challenges
McNaughton, D. & Light, J. 2013
AAC on iPads
Guided Access
SYMBOLS EVERYWHERE
Our mission:Symbols everywhere!
Once you start using Symbols…
• extend use to all areas of the Classroom: • Support language development • vocabulary building • improve comprehension • sentence structures and grammar • extending language • link to books, music, class themes, everyday
activities and contexts
Home-school communication boards
Group task Explore different Communication
tools at work stations
Success for all…..
Customise and
personalise
Planning vocabulary needed
Easy to access
Instant & central
Create visual environment
Pictures- symbols - words
High and low tech options
Modelling
Receptive input by all
Repetition with
variety
One is never enough
• Provides receptive language opportunities • Model using symbols • Model using puppets • Model using other children • Model all day- every day
Modelling
!
It is important to remember…….
•Children need much exposure and learning of symbols before they can be expected to use them effectively to communicate with us;
•Children need to see the symbols used in everyday situations, consistently;
Modelling
•Children are more likely to use symbols if they see peers and siblings and other role models use them;
• If they can point to symbols to communicate, we can start thinking about technology and speech generating devices;
•Model, model, model and then model some more…. Same words, same activities, repetition is king….
Modelling
Create opportunities
to communicate
Motivate- reasons- embed
I need pencils!
Verbal Referencing
label communication attempts
Verbal Referencing
!
• You tell the child what it was that he/she did (is doing) that expressed the message to you
• Eg. “You looked at the balloon, you want the balloon”, “You pointed to ‘more’, you are
asking for ‘more’!”
Find motivators and use
them
Prompting Hierachy
least-most shape- fade
Following the child’s
lead
Joint Attention
Support comprehension
Visuals improve understanding
Support behaviour
Visuals support behaviour
Support social skills
Visuals support social skills
Discuss Goal setting for Communication
in your Classroom
Literacy
Guided Reading Self-selected Reading Working with Words
Writing
Remember to consider ACCESS options
Literacy for allPresume competence
Time Teaching
Technologyhttp://inclusiveeducationpdresources.com/literacy/
conversation_with_caroline_musselwhite.php#0
Discuss Discuss current literacy
opportunities in your class.
The Four Blocks
The Four Blocks Literacy Model
http://www.litdis.com http://www.janefarrall.com/literacy/ http://fourblock.wikispaces.com
Self selected reading
Speak Selection Speak Screen
iOS 8 featuresiOS
Group task: Select and read a book
Tar Heel reader (website) iBooks
Guided reading One shared book reading per week
Different purpose each day
http://www.janefarrall.com/literacy/guided-reading/
Collins BIG CAT books Grasshopper Books Don’t let the pigeon run this app! Plus LOADS more!
Guided Reading Apps
Choose simple, age-respectful, repetitive and engaging books. You don’t always have to read the words, you can modify to suit your class.
Create your own using Book Creation apps or software.
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Writing
Clicker Sentences Clicker Docs Clicker Books
Writing Apps
Book Creator Explain Everything Strip Designer Pic Collage Skitch Kid’s Journal Write About This
More
Word prediction, aka Predictive text
iOS 8 featuresiOS
Third Party Keyboards
iOS 8 featuresiOS
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PC-based Software and Programs
BONUS WRITING TIP: Writing Poems
List poems Acrostic
Simple rhymes Alliteration
http://aacintervention.com (Poetry Power!) http://www.csun.edu/~hfdss006/conf/2002/proceedings/130.htm
Working with words Phonological Awareness
Firstwords Deluxe Montessori Crosswords Word Wizard Reading Doctor apps Letter School
Early Literacy Apps
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Workstation Explore different Literacy tools at
work stations
Repetition with VarietyVariety of purposes, approaches, texts…..
Discussion Goal setting for Literacy in your
Classroom
Behaviour & Social Skills
Social Stories Video Modelling
Positive Behaviour Supports
Remember to consider ACCESS options
Behaviour
• Visual tools to support positive behaviours • Schedules /timetables • Class rules/ expectations • Rewards and reinforcement
Social Skills
• Social Stories • Social rules/expectations • Conversations skills • Context based • Scripting what to do and say
WHY?Answer the BIG Question!
Functions of Behaviour
Access or Avoid Attention
Access or Avoid an Item
Avoid a Task or Demand
Access or Avoid Sensory Input
Discuss Consider some
behaviours/ social skills observed in
your classroom - Can you link them to one of the four functions?
Implementation fidelity is a measure of how accurately you are implementing your intervention
Keys%to%Behavioral%Success!
Implementa*on!fidelity!
!!!!
Measured!Outcomes!
Effec*ve!Interven*on!
!!!
Success Process
• Target one behaviour
• Identify appropriate strategy
• Consider delivery mechanism
• Document what is working
Visual, video, photo stories created for specific learning of specific behaviours
Originally developed by Carol Gray www.thegraycentre.org
Social Stories
Teach a required social skill
Prepare someone for new events and experiences
Teach a positive behaviour
Teach a new skill
Descriptive
3 Types of Sentences
Directive
3 Types of Sentences
Perspective
3 Types of Sentences
The 3 “Musts”
IPresent tense
Positive Language
Tips for success
• One skill per story • Visual supports • Involve the person or their team • Practice BEFORE the challenging situation occurs • Clear instructions for use • Consistent across all support • Review and revise
Tips for success
Book Creator Pictello Strip Designer 30 hands !
Apps to create Social Stories
Book VS Video
PC-based Software and Programs
Boardmaker
Group task: Create a Social Story
Book Creator
VIDEO MODELLING
Video Modelling
Models target skills
Desirable behaviours are learned by
watching a video & imitating
Video Modelling
Videos of others
Video self-monitoring
Point of view modelling
Video Self-modelling
Bellini & Akulian (2007)
• Feed-forward
• Self-review
• Speech, Social behaviours, Eating behaviours
• Task-analyze behavior
• Collect baseline data
• Prepare video (consider point of view, co-stars, voiceover)
• Provide similar stimuli & display (or make available) the video (, location, display, number of times)
• Prompt (when necessary) & reinforce
• Collect data
• Fade video & prompting
Video Self-modelling
• Behaviour must be attainable
• Be aware of cognition level
• Be aware of appropriate age
• Be sure it’s a model worth perfect imitation
Remember This!
iMovie Puppet Pals HD Aurasma Autismate
Apps for Video Modelling
Group task: Create a Video Model
iMovie
POSITIVE BEHAVIOUR SUPPORTS
PBS STRATEGIESConsistent routines, supported with visual schedules
Environment organised
Establish rules, responsibilities & expectations
Support sensory processing issues
First - then for activities
Time and timersReward positive behaviour (tangible & social)
Decrease difficulty/time/number to encourage task completion and success
SUPPORTING ROUTINES & SCHEDULES
on task clear expectations changes to routine
30 Hands Movenote Book Creator Aurasma FTVS-HD Visual Routine Choiceworks
Apps for Schedules
LOW TECH
Boardmaker
Tools 2 Talk
Group task: Create a Video Schedule
30 Hands
First..... THEN
REWARDS & REINFORCEMENT
TIMERS
ASD Tools FTVS-HD Working 4 Wait 4 it Token Board Calm Counter Sharing timer
Apps for Behaviour Support
Stop Playing in iPad timer
Symbol Supports for Behaviour & Social Skills
Workstations Explore different behaviour
tools at work stations
Teach and replace One target at a time
Choose what will have the most impact Functional communication
Keep data Implementation Fidelity
Behaviour/Social Skills - Final Tips
Discuss Goal setting for Behaviour/
Social Skills in your Classroom
KEY MESSAGES
Give it a go! Start. Go. Begin.
Be consistent.Regular and reliable.
Be flexible.Be ready to change and evolve.
Be persistent.Don't give up too soon!
Keep data.What works and what doesn't.
Be fun and engaging!Give them a REASON to participate!
Group task Planning time
SHARE Share your key goals
for change with someone at a different table
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Amanda Hartmann amandah@spectronics.com.au
Stay in touch! Ask questions!
THANK YOU!