Post on 14-Jun-2015
description
Artificial Intelligence (AI):Expert Systems Components
• Definition
• Subfields
Expert Systems
• Definition
• Key Terms
• Requirements
• Components
• Selecting appropriate problems for ES
Definition of AI
• From an intelligence perspective– Artificial Intelligence is making “intelligent”
machines which perform like humans– Example: Turing Test – inability to
distinguish computer responses from human responses
Definition of AI (con’t)
• From a research perspective – The study of making computers perform
tasks which people do better– Examples
• Checker players• Learning, reasoning, etc.
• Computers are good at Deduction
• Humans are good at Induction
Definition of AI (con’t)
• From a business perspective – AI is a set of very powerful tools, and
methodologies for using those tools to solve business problems
– Example• Who is an embezzler?
– Deductive Reasoning will not determine– Only Inductive Reasoning will
Definition of AI (con’t)
• From a programming perspective– AI includes the study of symbolic
programming, problem solving, and search – Example
• LISP, PROLOG, & ML– LISP Machine: Machine Language-Assembler/C– Execute LISP application very quickly on a LISP
machine (1980’s/Not a survivor)
Comparison 1 (Advantage of AI)
• Natural Intelligence-Humans– Perishable– Difficult to transfer– Difficult to document– Unpredictable– Expensive– Not available always
• Artificial Intelligence-Machines– Institutional Memory– Easy to transfer– Easy to document– Consistent– Affordable– Available always
Comparison II (Limitations of AI)
• Natural Intelligence– Creative– Adaptive– Sensory experience– Broad Focus– Common Sense
• Artificial Intelligence– Uninspired– Needs to be told– Symbolic Input– Narrow Focus– Technical
Subfields of AI• Expert Systems
• Natural Language
• Machine Learning (Artificial Neural Network/Statistical Inferences
• Computer Vision (Image Processing)– Examples
• Automotive Automobile Driver
• Artificial Eyes
• DoD (Research side)
• Highly mathematically involved
Expert Systems
• A computer-based information system that uses expert knowledge to attain high levels of performance in a narrow problem area
Key Terms
• Expert, Domain Expert
• Knowledge-based Systems
• Intelligent Systems
• Knowledge Engineering
• Knowledge Engineer
• Domain Knowledge