Post on 31-Aug-2020
BrianKing,NOC
IncludingmaterialfromNathalieZilberman,SIO
Argo–UpdateCLIVARCONCEPT-HEAT
Exeter,29Sep–1Oct2015
Argo’sEvoluPon
• Greatergeographicalextent• Deepsampling–atleast4000mandupto6000m
• Newsensors–mainlybio-op>cal(notatopicfortoday)
EvoluPon:ADesignforGlobalArgo
• Samemission–trackingtheslowmanifold-morespa>allycompleteandbeDersignaltonoise
• DoublesamplinginWBCsandequatorialregions• MarginalSeas:enhancedsampling-determinedbyregionalpartnerships• SeasonalIcezone:normalsampling[Fasticezonerequiresdifferenttechnology]
~4200floatarray
NewMissionsDeepArgo
Requirements?• closureofthesealevel,oceanmass,andenergybudgetsonregionalandglobalscales• providenewinforma>ononoceancircula>onandwatermassforma>onandproper>es• mi>gatethelackofobserva>onsbelow2000mforoceandataassimila>onmodeling• WODhas<100kprofilesofT/Sdeeperthan3000m;DeepArgowilllikelydeliver30,000peryear
BoDomWaterwarmingfrom1990’sto2000’sPurkeyandJohnson(2010)
DeepArgoworkshop
May5-7th2015inHobartTasmania(hDp://www.argo.ucsd.edu/DAIW1report.pdf)
30par>cipants
6Countries(U.S,France,U.K,Australia,NewZealand,Japan)
Outlines
1. Objec>vesoftheDeepArgoprogram
2. DeepArgofloatcharacteris>csandCTDsensordevelopment
3. DeepArgopilotarrays
4. An>cipatedconfigura>onoftheDeepArgoarray
5. Summary
DeepArgoReadiness?
DeepfloatsarebeingdevelopedandtestedbyseveralgroupsAnewCTDisunderparalleldevelopmentwithimprovedsensor
stabilityisneededforabyssalmeasurement
FieldtestsofhandfulsoffloatsareunderwayRegionalpilotsareunderwayto
1. Provetechnologyandrefinethecostbasis2. Informaglobalarraydesign,aspartofastrategyforthedeep
ocean
Thereare4typesofDeepArgofloatmodels
DeepNINJATSKCoLTD,JAMSTEC0–4000mSBE-41CTD50kg15deployedsofar
DeepARVORNKE,CNRS,Ifremer0–4000mSBE-41CTD26kg8deployed
DeepAPEXTWR,UW0–6000mSBE-61CTD43cmglasssphere2deployed
DeepSOLOSIO0–6000mSBE-61CTD25kg33cmglasssphere3deployed
Sea-BirdSBE61CTDaccuracy
! Collabora>onofN.Z/U.S./Aus.ArgoandSeaBirdElectronics
! 9-daycruiseonR/VTangaroa-June16-25th2014
! 12RepeatCTDcaststo5600mwithwatersamples
! 3SBE-61CTDswereintegratedintheshipboardsystemtocompareSBE-61CTD(P,T,S)withshipboardCTD.
! Temperatureismee>ngthe±0.001°Caccuracygoal
! Salinityisapproachingthedesiredaccuracyof±0.002.Refinementsinpressureandconduc>vitymayyieldimprovement.
! Pressureisapproachingthedesiredaccuracyof±3dbar.Furtherworkneededviamechanicaldesignworkandcalibra>onprocess.
±4.5dbar
±0.004
! Flatabyssalplain(5000-6000m)w/substan>aldeepwarming,limitededdyac>vity
! 2015September:Successfulrecoveryof2DeepSOLOfloatsdeployedin06/2014(>110x2-6.5-daycycles)–RVKaharoa09/2015(US,NZ,Australia).RecoveryofDeepSOLOsisforCTDrecalibra>onandpossiblerecycling,andforassessmentofwearandtearonpump,glassball,etc.Willdeploy105conven>onalArgofloats.
! 2016Plantodeploy12DeepArgofloats:8DeepSOLO(US)and2DeepAPEX(US)in01-02/2016intheSWPacificonboardRVKaharoaand2DeepSOLOin02-03/2016at170°W(P15S)onboardRVInves>gator.
P15S
PilotarrayintheSouthwestPacificOceanDeepArgofloatdeploymentDeepArgofloatrecoveryCoreArgofloatdeployment
ScienPficGoal:Studydeepwatermasscharacteris>csandiden>fywatermasspathwaysintheSWPacificOceanwithgreaterdetail.
TwoDeepSOLOsintheSouthwestPacificOcean
TwoDeepSOLOsintheSouthwestPacificOcean
PilotarraysintheNorthPacific,SouthernOcean,andIndianOcean
! 15Deep(4000m)NINJA(Japan)deployedin2012-2014;3intheNorthPacificOcean(engineeringtes>ng)and12intheSouthernOcean(1southofNZ;5offtheAdeliecoast;6offtheBuddcoast).
3(possibly5?)DeepNINJAcurrentlyac>veunderseaice.
! Plantodeploy3DeepNINJA(Japan)between11/2015and03/2016;1intheNorthPacificOceanand2intheIndianOcean
! Plantodeploy8DeepSOLO(US)in06/2016intheSouthernOcean(possiblyAustralianBasin).
ScienPficGoal:Studywatermassforma>onanddeepMeridionalOverturningCircula>on
PilotarrayintheNorthAtlanPcOcean! 2IfremerDeepArvorprototypes(3500m)(1)09/12-01/13(71x2-3-daycycles);R/VThalassa(2)11/13-08/14(88x2-10-daycycles);R/VCotedelaManche
! 2industrialDeepArvorprototypes(4000m)(3)05/14-11/14(32x3-10-daycycles);R/VPourquoipas(4)05/14-03/15(142x2-daycycles);R/VPourquoipas
! 2015Plantodeploy11DeepArgofloats"4DeepArvor;1intheWestEuropeanBasinand3intheCharlie-GibbsFractureZone(France)in06-07/2015"2DeepArvorand2DeepAPEX–DeepwesternandeasternAtlan>cat26°N(UK)in12/2015-01/2016"2DeepArvor–MediterraneanSea(Italy)"1DeepArvor–CanaryIslands(Spain)
! 2016Plantodeploy12DeepArvor
! 2017Plantodeploy6DeepArvor;and8DeepSOLOin04/2017(US/UK)at26°N
1
2
3
4
ScienPficGoal:StudyNorthAtlan>cdeepwaterforma>onratesandcircula>onpathways
Lightbluecontouris5000m
DeepArgoStrawPlan
! SampletotheoceanboDom(upto6000m)
! 5°x5°spacing:~1200floats
! Resolveabyssaldecadalsignalslocally(notjustglobally)
! Increasetheaccuracyofglobalheatbudgetandsealevelbudget
! Measurecircula>onchangesinthedeep-ocean
! Startathighla>tudes(deep-oceanwarmingsignal)->equator->global
Johnsonetal.,2015
Deep Argo
2000m
Core Argo
4000m
DeepArgoSummary! AWorkshopwasheldtodiscusstechnology
developmentsforDeepArgo,scien>ficandopera>onalra>onales,andplansforfuturework
! 4designsofDeepArgofloatshavebeendevelopedandtestedwithdepthrangesof4000mand6000m
! ADeepArgoCTD(SBE61)hasbeendevelopedbySea-BirdElectronicsanddeployedinshipboardcastsandfloatprofiling,withencouragingresults
! RegionalpilotarraysofDeepArgofloatshavebegunandwillcon>nuein2015-2017intheSouthernOcean,NorthPacific,SWPacific,IndianOcean,andNorthAtlan>c
! AglobalDeepArgoarrayatabout5°resolu>onisrequiredtoresolvedecadalsignalsindeepoceantemperature,salinity,andcircula>on.Itcouldtake7to10yearstoputacompletearrayinplace.ThemostprovenfloatdesignistheScrippsDeepSOLOwithbothrecentprototypesreaching100cycles.Theirpresentproduc>oncapacityisorder20peryear.DeepArgomighteventuallyrequireorder300floatsperyeartobedeployed.