Appendicular Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton• Your appendicular skeleton includes all of the bones and joints that make up your appendages

• This includes the shoulder girdles and pelvic girdles

Shoulder Girdle

• Your shoulder girdle consists of two bones

• Clavicle

• Scapula

Scapula

• You have both a right and left scapula

• It connects to two bones

• Humerus

• Clavicle

• The scapula is sometimes called the “shoulder blade”

Clavicle• Your clavicle is a small bone that connects to two bones

• Sternum

• Scapula

• Your clavicle is sometimes called your “collar bone”

• It is fragile. It only takes approximately 8 pounds of pressure to break.

Arm bones

• There are three bones that make up the bones of your arm

• The humerus

• The radius

• The ulna

Humerus• The humerus is the bone in your upper arm

• It connects to three bones

• The radius

• The ulna

• The scapula

• You get the term “funny bone” from your humerus.

The Radius

• The radius is one of two bones of your lower arm

• In anatomical position it is the bone on your “thumb side” of your arm

• It gets its name because it has a circular head. Think about the radius of a circle when remembering which one is which.

The Ulna

• The ulna is the other bone in your lower arm

• It is responsible for creating a majority of the joint of your elbow

• It is on the pinky side of your arm in anatomical position.

The Hands

• Your hands are made up of 27 bones.

• You have 14 phalanges

• You have 5 metacarpals

• you have 8 carpal bones

Phalanges

• The phalanges make up the “finger bones” of your hand

• Each finger has three phalanges except for the thumb which has only two.

Metacarpals

• Your metacarpals are the bones of your hand that are long bones

• You have one for each finger

Carpals

• You have carpal bones which make up the bones of your wrist

• These 8 bones are bound by ligaments to restrict their movement

Pelvic Girdle

• Your legs attach to your thorax via the pelvic girdle

• The pelvic girdle is made up of a left and right os coxae.

Os Coxae

• Each os coxae is made up of three bones that are fused together in early development

• The Ischium

• The Ilium

• The Pubis

The ischium

• The ischium is the curved bone that forms the obturator foramen of the os coxae

• It connects to both the ilium and pubis at the acetabulum

Ilium

• The ilium is the large fan like bone that forms the “hip” portion of the os coxae

• The width from one iliac crest to the other is called the false pelvis

• The true pelvis is near the pelvic outlet

Pubis

• The pubis is the anterior connection point of the left and right os coxae

• It is the smallest of the 3 bones that make up the os coxae.

Male and Female differences in ossa Coxae

• The female inlet is large and more circular

• The female bones are usually lighter and thinner

• The angle of the pubic arch is usually greater than 90 degrees

Legs

• Like your arms your legs are made up of three bones

• One bone makes up the upper leg

• Two bones make up the lower leg

Femur

• The femur is the largest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the entire body

• It has a large ball head the connects to the acetabulum of the ossa coxae

Fibula and Tibia• You have two bones that make up the lower legs

• The fibula -- skinner and on the lateral side in anatomical position

• The tibia -- bigger and bulkier than the fibula. Located medially to the fibula.

• Only the tibia connects to the femur and patella

Feet

• Your feet are composed of 26 bones

• We break the feet up into 3 sections similar to our hands

• Phalanges

• Metatarsals

• Tarsals

Phalanges

• Just like in your hands you have 14 phalanges

• The consist of a proximal, medial, and distal phalange

• Your “big toe” is constructed similarly to your thumb and does not have a medial phalange

Metatarsals

• Just like in your hands you have 5 metatarsals

• Each one corresponds to a set of phalanges

Tarsals

• In your feet you have 7 tarsal bones

• The two biggest are the talus and calcaneus

• The talus connects your feet to your tibia and fibula

• Your calcaneus is your “heel”

Patella

• Your “knee cap” is a singular bone

• It connects to the femur, and tibia