IntegratedResourceManagementinAsianCities:TheUrbanNexusUlanbataar,5‐7th November,2014

“UrbanNEXUS”OperationalizingtheUrbanNEXUSincitiesandmetropolitanregionsforresource‐efficient,effective,customizableand

resilienturbanprojectsandinvestments

Operationalizationof“Nexus”ApproachesinMetropolitanRegions ObjectivesoftheProject:

‒ Todevelopandconceptualize“Nexus”approachforcitiesandmetropolitan‐regionsmakingthem‘resource‐efficient’

‒ Toassessexistingcasesandpractices‒ Tooperationalizesuchanapproachincludinglessonsfrompilotprojects

Projectstructureandworkstreams:‒ WorkingArea1:Comprehensiveconceptualbaselinestudy‒ WorkingArea2:Casestudiesandempiricalexamples‒ WorkingArea3:Pilotprojectactivitiesincities

ProjectDuration:November,2013toJuly,2014 Donor:GIZ

WA1:ConceptualStudyon“OperationalizingtheUrbanNEXUS”

Cities‐bustlinghubsofresourceflows,consumptionandproduction,whichmakesthemthe“nexus”wherecrucialeconomic,social,politicalandecologicalresourcesystemsinter‐linkandcompete.

URBANNEXUS

APPROACH

IncreasingDemandforMoreUrban

Space

IncreasingDemandfor

BetterQualityofUrbanSpaces

IncreasingCostofUrban

Production&Lifestyle

IncreasingUrbanRisk&Vulnerability

DecliningFiscalSupportforUrban

Development

Newintegrated/cross‐sectoralapproachesareneededtosuccessfullymanagethecomplexitiesofthisurban“nexus”

DefinitionofUrbanNexus The Urban NEXUS is an approach to the design of sustainableurban development solutions. The approach guidesstakeholders to identify and pursue possible synergiesbetween sectors, jurisdictions, and technical domains, so as toincrease institutional performance, optimize resourcemanagement and service quality.

It counters traditional sectoral thinking, trade‐offs, anddivided responsibilities that often result in poorly coordinatedinvestments, increased costs, and underutilizedinfrastructures and facilities.

The ultimate goal is to accelerate access to services, and toincrease service quality and the quality of lifewithin ourplanetary boundaries.

TheUrbanNEXUSApproachfocusesonidentifyinganddevelopingprospectsforachievingmultipleurbanpolicyobjectivesthroughsingleinvestments,projectsorprograms

UrbanNEXUSDevelopmentCycle:processfortranslatingintegratedplanningobjectivesintopolicies,projects,systems,andplaces

Itbuildsonpracticesandconceptsofintegratedplanningandintegratedurbandevelopmentapproaches,withtheparticularfocusonoptimizingresourceuseandre‐usethroughcross‐sectoralcollaboration,andinnovativeinstitutionalintegrationanddesignprocesses.

TheUrbanNexusDevelopmentCycle

WA2:Casestudiesandempiricalexamples

Identified examples of good Urban NEXUS practices, drewlessons from these in a series of case studies, to help in thedevelopment of a transferrable methodology

Compilation of 37examples of“Urban NEXUS”programs/projects from around theworld

8 in‐depth UrbanNEXUS CaseStudies

GlobaldistributionofCompliedCaseStudies

CasestudiesandempiricalexamplesSectoral combinations‒Waste‐to‐energy(increasinglycommonpractice)‒Eco‐districts‒Eco‐sanitation(waste‐energy‐foode.g.ElAlto,SulabhInternational)

‒W‐E‐F:Water‐energy‐landefficiencyinagriculture(UPA)(e.g.Amman,Nashik)

‒Water‐energy,e.g.districtheating/cooling(e.g.Toronto)

Moreinnovative/rare:‒ Biodiversity‐waste‐energy(e.g.eThekwini/Durban‒ Cross‐sectoralapproachestointegratinginformal/marginalizedsettlements(e.g.FavelaBairro,IUP,Manila)

‒ Waste‐socialinclusion,e.g.throughurbanmobility(GreenExchangeinCuritiba,MercadodelTrueque,MexicoCity)

Funding,implementation,andpartnershipmodelsNosingleformulaforsuccess,variousmodelsused: Public‐privatepartnerships

Multi/bi‐lateraldevelopmentaidprojects

Non‐profits/CBOs Localgovernmentservices/utilities

Bi‐lateral(nationalgovernment)collaborations

WA3:PilotProjects

Pilot Project I: Demonstrating the Urban NEXUS approach tooptimize water, energy and land resources in peri‐urbanagriculture in Nashik, India

ProjectimplementedwithsupportfromNashikMunicipalCorporation

Famousforitsgrapeproductionandisknownasthe‘Grapecity’or‘WinecapitalofIndia’.Alsoknownas‘backyardofMumbai’duetoitsvegetableandfruitproduction

Nashik:GrowthTrajectory&ResourceConstraints

Population projected to cross 3 million in 2026 and

5 million in 2014!!!

Area increased by 22 times in 100 years and

population by 30 times!!!

With the increasing population there is

increased demand for drinking water supply!!

Non revenue water (NRW) is very high and needs urgent attention!!!

Groundwater pumping for agricultural purposes is very

energy intensive!!

Groundwater level is decreasing at the rate of 1-3 m in every 5 years!!!

High paced urbanization,

industrialization and fast

deforestation: Less area for cultivation

“ConsideringtheagriculturalimportanceofNashik,itwasproposedtobringthefallow/scrublandintourbanandperi‐urban

agriculturepracticeswhichwillreduceenergyandwaterdemand”

Inter‐ sectorallinkages:IntegrationofseparatelydesignedandmanagedsystemsinNashik:Water,Agriculture(Food)andEnergy

InstitutionalandMulti‐levellinkages:biggestchallenge;‒ Atleast10separatedepartmentsresponsibleforwater,energyandagricultureinNashik

Themajorshort‐comingsinbringinginstitutionalandmulti‐ levellinkagesincluded:‒ Compositionofinstitutions‒ Limitedmandateofexistinginstitutions‒ Decisionmakingprocess‒ Bureaucraticandpoliticalinterference‒ Weakenforcementcapacity‒ Nointer‐departmental/institutionalcommunication

Perfect example of institutional

and managerial

silos!!!

SectoralandInstitutionalLinkagesinNashik:

PilotactivitiesinNashikincluded: FormationofaStakeholderGroup

‒ WaterSupplyandSewerage;Environment;TownPlanningDept.NMC(Citylevel),

‒ IrrigationDepartment(DistrictandStatelevel),

‒ StateAgricultureDepartment(Statelevel),‒ MaharashtraStateElectricityDistributionCompanyLimited(Districtlevel)

‒ KKWaghCollegeofAgriculturalEngineeringandTechnology(Academic)

‒ AgricultureProduceMarketCommittee(Districtlevel)

‒ MaharashtraEngineeringResearchInstitute(Research )

‒ MaharashtraEnvironmentalEngineeringTrainingandResearchAcademy(Citylevel)

PilotInterventionsincluded:

1. AgriculturePumpSetEfficiencyPerformanceEvaluation

2. Mappingbiogaspotentialinthepilotarea

3. Creatingpotentialgroundwaterrechargingsystem

4. Promotingagro‐educationinschools

Energy

Food

Water

FOOD

Agricultural Pump Set Efficiency

Performance Evaluation

WATER

Groundwater Recharging

ENERGY

Mapping Biogas

Potential in the Pilot Area

CLIMATECHANGE

Reduced energy consumption

Livestock manure management; biofertilizer

OutcomesofPilotactivitiesinNashik:

Improved inter‐departmentalcoordination

Multi‐level governance through theinvolvement of stakeholders from theDistrict and the State level

Improved energy efficiency by thereplacement of inefficient pump sets withmore efficient, right sized pumps and low‐friction valves and piping

Promoting the revival of non‐functionalbiogas plants helped in improvedresource efficiency

Conservationofnaturalresourcesthroughgroundwaterrechargingofthehardrockaquifersinthecity

AwarenessraisingthroughstudentsfrommunicipalschoolshelpedinexposingstudentstopracticalapplicationsofresourceefficiencyandorganicfarmingTrainingandcapacitybuildingoflocalfarmershelpedinsensitizingthemtotheutilizationofenergyefficientpumps Communityownershipoftheprojectwasachievedthroughatripartiteagreementbetweenthefarmers,theNMCandICLEISouthAsia

LessonsLearntinNashik:

Bringingtogethermultiplelevelsofgovernancerequiresconsiderabletime

LimitedtimeandhumanresourcescanshapeanUrbanNEXUSoutcome

CreatingopennesstotheUrbanNEXUSapproachiscrucial

Buildingtrustwithcommunitiesisamakeorbreakfactor

PoliticalwillandcommitmentensurethatanUrbanNEXUSprojectwilltakeflight

Buildingawarenessisacontinuousprocess

Pilot Project II: Demonstrating the Urban NEXUSapproach to link water, energy and food resources inschools in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

DaresSalaam (literally"Theharborofpeace")is Tanzania’slargestcityandaregionallyimportanteconomiccentre

ProjectimplementedwithsupportfromKinondoniMunicipality

Schoolslacksufficientdrinkingwater!!! Primarilydependent

onwoodandcharcoalforfuel!!!

One‐thirdofnationalpopulationis

undernourished!!

Only8%ofhouseshavedirectwaterconnection!!!

Sanitationandwasteamajorissue!!

Energysupplyisintermittent!!!

Back‐logofmunicipalservices(e.g.transport,water,drainageandwaste

management

Risks&VulnerabilitiesfacedbyDaresSalaam

Formationofstakeholdergroup‒ Communitymemberswererepresentedbytheschoolheadmasters,facultyandreligiousleaders.

‒ Privatesectororganizations,‒ Universityprofessorsand‒ NGOs

2 neighboring primary schools asdemonstration sites for educatingcommunity as well as local governmentactors.

PhysicalInterventions:Rainwaterharvesting,verticalfoodgardens,energyefficiency(cooking)

PilotactivitiesinDaresSalaamincluded:

Benefitsofworkinginschools,e.g.:‒ Variousmunicipaldepartmentsareimplicated‒ Improvingphysicallearningenvironmentforstudents

‒ Educatingwidercommunitythroughchildren

OutcomesofPilotactivitiesinDaresSalaam:

Municipalcapacitystrengthening,awarenessandinvolvementinthenewUrbanNEXUSapproachwasachieved

Physicalinfrastructureimprovementsattheschoolslikerainwaterharvesting,improvedfuelwoodcook‐stovereplacinganopencastfireandimprovedfloorsurfaces

Physicalsavingsofresourcesincludedareductioninfuelwoodutilizationforcookingfood

Schoollearningandeducationwasfacilitatedviaaschoolprojectthatinvestigatedtheunderstandingofwhereresourcescomefrom

Abroadimpactonthecommunitywasobserved

LessonsLearntinDaresSalaam: Needlengthierplanninganddesigntime NEXUSrequiresauniqueinstitutionalset‐upandanunderstandingofthecomplexlinkagesbetweenthemetropolitanandmunicipalbodies.

Showcasingonthegroundexperiences,suchasschoolprojects,demonstrateshowsectorscanworktogether

Designsimplebutinnovativetoolstocommunicatewiththecommunity

Commitmentoflocalauthoritiesinsuchanexerciseiscrucial

UrbanNEXUSapproachamountstoasocial‐institutionallearningprocess

PoliticalchampionsarecriticalforsuccessSmallprojectscansparkbigchange!!!

GeneralConclusionsWorkingArea1:providesafirstmethodologicalapproachtooperationalizing,puttingintomethodlessonsfromtheexistingexamplestoacceleratetheprocess,replicate,up‐scale,andcapacitateinstitutionalcollaborationandcommunication.

Identifiedcaseexamples(WorkingArea2)showedthattheUrbanNEXUSispossibleandexistsinpractice,butatransferrablemethodologyneedstobedeveloped.

Thepilotprojects(WorkingArea3)showedthegreatpotentialofcross‐sectoralprojectsascatalystsfor“institutionalnexus”,generatingunprecedentedcommunicationandcollaborationacrossdepartmentsandlevelsofgovernment

InstitutionalImplications InitialinstitutionalarrangementsforintroducingUrbanNEXUSapproaches‒ UrbanNEXUS“TaskForces/StakeholderGroups”inlocalgovernments,e.g.aroundprojects,tokickoff,strengthenandsustaincross‐departmentalcollaboration,andtogiveatasteof“breakingthesilos”

‒ Localownershipandchampionsarecrucial,butduringpilotprojectswaysmustbesoughttoinstitutionalizemulti‐stakeholdercollaborationinthelongerterm

Buildinginstitutionalcapacity‒ ConsiderexistinginstitutionstocapacitateforassumingnewmandatetoimplementUrbanNexusagenda

Ultimately,thebestcaseshighlighttheroleofnewinter‐sectoral

institutions,operatingatlocalormetropolitanscale,whoseprimaryfunctionistheidentification,designanddevelopmentof“UrbanNEXUS”

solution!!

Recommendations:Local&RegionalDecision‐makers Bringallstakeholdersaroundthesametablebycreating“UrbanNEXUSTaskForces”.Simplewaytogivestakeholdersatasteof“breakingthesilos”.

Institutionalizemulti‐stakeholdercollaborationduring(pilot)projects,toguaranteelonger‐termcooperationandsustainableoutcomes.

Customizeinstitutionalarrangements basedontheuniquelocalandsubnationalgovernancecontext,availablecapacities,andtheneedsidentifiedthroughprojects.

Identify“hotspots”wherethisapproachwouldhavethemostmultiplierorrippleeffectstomaximizethereachandbenefitoftheinitiative.

Useandbuildonexistinginstitutionalcapacity.

IntegrateUrbanNEXUSthinkingintoalldecision‐makingandmanagementprocedures.

UtilizepublicprocurementandtenderingprocessestoboostinnovationandfacilitatetheuptakeofUrbanNEXUSsolutions.

BuildUrbanNEXUSthinkingandbehaviorsthroughworkingwitheducationalinstitutions,universities,researchandtrainingproviders.

Recommendations:NationalDecision‐makers Encourage allgovernmentalauthoritiesandstakeholdersatalllevelstobepartofUrbanNEXUSsolutions,whichshouldre‐connectscalesandoptimizecomplexcross‐boundaryresourceflows(e.g.riverbasinmanagement).

PromotesupportiveframeworkconditionsforUrbanNEXUSsolutionsatalllevels.UrbanNEXUSprojectsregardlessoftheirsizeandscopeareembeddedinregulatoryandadministrativeframeworks.Forexample,national“silos”inregulation,publicprocurement,budgetingandaccountingprocesses,etc.,canhinderinnovativeintegratedapproachesandcross‐departmentalcooperationatthelocallevel.

AdjustfinancialinstrumentstosupportandincentivizeUrbanNEXUSapproaches,bye.g.linkingnationaldevelopmentfundsorinfrastructurefinancingtorewardprojectsthatshowanUrbanNEXUSapproach.

Use cities and metropolitan regions as laboratories forpolicy invention, and look out for innovative local initiatives,policies and practices that provide lessons of nationalrelevance.

Support networks for scientific research anddevelopment as well as the exchange of Urban NEXUSpractices, dialogue between researchers and CBOs and citypractitioners, city‐to‐city peer learning programs, as well asdialogue with national authorities.

Thankyou!

FormoreinformationabouttheGIZ‐ICLEIUrbanNEXUSproject:www.iclei‐org/urbannnexus

Contact:Emani.kumar@iclei.org

ExecutiveDirector,ICLEISouthAsia

WethankourpartnersintheUrbanNEXUS project:

Pilotprojectpartners:

Kinondoni Municipal Council,DaresSalaam,TanzaniaNashikMunicipalCorporation,Nashik,India.

ICLEIoffices:ICLEIWorldSecretariat,ICLEIAfrica,andICLEISouthAsia.