Animal Reproduction

Animal Reproduction

Advantage of sexual reproduction:

Advantage of asexual reproduction:

Animal Reproduction

Advantage of sexual reproduction:

diversity

Advantage of asexual reproduction:

efficiency

Anatomy:

testes

seminiferous tubules

epididymis

vas deferens

seminal vesicles

prostate gland

bulbourethral glands

semen

glans

prepuce (foreskin)

follicle

corpus luteum

oviduct (fallopian tube)

uterus

endometrium

cervix

hymen

labia minora & majora

clitoris

Bartholin’s glands

Gametogenesis:

•Spermatogonia become primary spermatocytes

•Meiosis produces four sperm cells

•Maturation in the epididymis takes 65-75 days

•Three million sperm manufactured each day.

•Oogonia become primary oocytes, present at birth, arrested in prophase I

•Each month, one secondary oocyte is released, arrested at Metaphase II

•Entry of sperm triggers completion of meiosis II.

Menstrual Cycle

Menstrual Cycle

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

menstruation

follicle

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

follicle

GnRH

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

follicle

GnRH

FSH & LH

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

thickens

follicle

GnRH

FSH & LH

estrogen

estrogen

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

thickens

follicle

GnRH

FSH & LH

estrogen

estrogen

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

thickens

follicle

GnRH

FSH & LH

estrogen

estrogen

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

thickens

follicle

GnRH

FSH & LH

estrogen

estrogen

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

thickens

follicle

GnRH

FSH & LH

estrogen

estrogen

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

thickens

follicle

GnRH

FSH & LH

estrogen

estrogen

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

thickens

follicle

GnRH

FSH & LH

estrogen

estrogen

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

thickens

follicle

GnRH

FSH & LH

estrogen

estrogen

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

thickens

follicle

GnRH

FSH

& LH

estrogen

estrogen

POSITIVE FEEDBACK

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

thickens

follicle

GnRH

FSH

& LH

estrogen

estrogen

Ovulation!

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

follicle

GnRH

FSH

& LH

estrogen

estrogen

corpus luteum

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

follicle

GnRH

FSH

& LH

estrogen

estrogen

corpus luteum

ovum

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

develops endometrium

follicle

GnRH

FSH

& LH

estrogen & progesterone

estrogen & progesterone

corpus luteum

ovum

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

develops endometrium

follicle

GnRH

FSH

& LH

estrogen & progesterone

estrogen & progesterone

corpus luteum

ovum

Stop!

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

develops endometrium

follicle

GnRH

FSH

& LH

estrogen & progesterone

estrogen & progesterone

corpus luteum

ovum

Stop!

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

develops endometrium

follicle

GnRH

FSH

& LH

estrogen & progesterone

estrogen & progesterone

corpus luteum

ovum

Stop!

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

menstruation

follicle

GnRH

FSH

& LH

estrogen & progesterone

estrogen & progesterone

corpus luteum

ovum

BACK TO THE BEGINNING

hypothalamus

pituitaryuterus

menstruation

follicle

GnRH

Reproductive Technologies

vasectomy

condom

• Nonoxol-9

• proper use

• storage

• mishaps

penile implants

Viagra

oral contraceptives

progesterone-only

Norplant

Depo-Provera

tubal ligation

diaphragm

MAP

IUD

RU486

Reproductive Technologies