Post on 24-May-2018
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Learning Target:
To understand the review
impact of the Roman Empire
and Greece on history: take a
senteo quiz.
Rome Intro
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Early Civilization
-Italy was originally occupied by many different groups of people -Two main groups were Greek colonists and the Etruscans -The Etruscans ruled much of central Italy and Rome itself -Ancestors of the Romans, the Latins, settled in the area that is now Rome around 800 B.C.
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Influence of the Etruscans
Writing Religion The Arch
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Legend of the Founding of Rome
-Legend has it that twin brothers, Romulus and Remus founded the city -According to the tale, the twins’ mother was a Latin woman and their father was the war god Mars -
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Rome is located:
-On the banks of the Tiber River -On and around seven hills
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-Romans drove out their Etruscan ruler and established a republic
- They did not want one person to have all the power
- 509 B.C. Rome is Founded
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Republican Government
2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome)
Senate (Representative body for patricians)
Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians)
Structure of the Republic
-Patricians= landholding upper class -Plebeians= farmers, merchants, artisans, -traders -Senate= governing body -Consuls= two patricians -Dictator= assigned to be in charge in the event of a war for six months
Patricians
Plebeians
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The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE
Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.
The Roman Forum
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Roman Empire
• Most powerful ancient empire
• At the time of Punic Wars had only
conquered Italy and some of the
surrounding islands.
• Started Punic Wars
The Punic Wars
-Carthage had an empire throughout the Mediterranean -Rome fought Carthage in three wars from 264 B.C. to 146 B.C. (118 years!) Had the largest navy
at the time of 246
B.C.
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First Punic War
• Fought on and around the island
of Sicily
• Rome besieged many
Carthaginian cities in Sicily
• Carthage blockaded Sicily
• Rome destroyed Carthage's
Navy.
• Rome won the first Punic War
Hannibal’s Route
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0gbPIyCuGTA
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Hannibal
Trebia and Tresemia
Second Punic War
• Carthage created colonies in Spain
and General Hannibal Attacked
Rome.
• Hannibal captured almost all of Italy.
• Roman General Scipio captured
Spain cutting off supplies to Hannibal.
• Scipio attacked Carthage and
defeated Hannibal
• Rome Controls all of Northern Africa
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Third Punic War
• Rome became afraid Carthage
would attack again.
• Rome attacked Carthage
• Rome decimated the city and
sold the Carthaginians into
slavery.
• Carthage was finally defeated
by Rome after 120 years of
fighting.
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Politics
-Rome grows strong and begins conquering the rest of Italy -By 270 B.C., Rome controls most of the Italian peninsula -Military is made up of citizens
-Rome conquered justly- allowing those conquered to keep their culture, customs, and government- as long as they supplied soldiers, paid taxes, and acknowledge Roman leadership
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Religion -Romans were polytheistic-they believed in many gods and goddesses -Many of the gods were adapted from the Greek gods
Greek God Roman God
Zeus-ruler of all gods Jupiter-ruler of all gods
Hera-wife of Zeus, protected marriage
Juno-wife of Jupiter, protected marriage
Poseidon-god of the sea Neptune-god of the sea
-Roman calendar is full of feasts and celebrations to honor the gods and goddesses -Temples for worship to ask for divine assistance
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Reform Leaders Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
• the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land.
Military Reformer Gaius Marius
• recruited an army from the poor and homeless.
• professional standing army.
The Gracchus Brothers •The brothers worked to get the state to distribute the land to the poor farmers •They also worked to get the state to buy grain to feed the poor •Senate felt they were a threat to its power, and hired thugs to kill the brothers and their followers
-Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus were patricians who were elected tribunes
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Pompey
Civil War & Dictators
Julius Caesar
• Alesia
Julius Caesar
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Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC
The Die is Cast!
The First Triumvirate
Julius Caesar Marcus Licinius Crassus Gaius Magnus Pompey
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Beware the Ides of March! 44 BCE
The Second Triumvirate
Octavian Augustus Marc Antony Marcus Lepidus
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The Byzantine Empire During the Reign of Justinian
-Civil wars break out to decide who should hold power. The senate wanted to keep the status quo; political leaders wanted to weaken the senate and enact reforms -Slave uprisings throughout the republic -Armies became loyal to their commanders because they gave them benefits such as captured land
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The Byzantine Emperor Justinian
The Legacy of Rome
Republic Government Roman Law Latin Language Roman Catholic Church City Planning Romanesque Architectural Style Roman Engineering
• Aqueducts • Sewage systems • Dams • Cement • Arch