Anatomy and Physiology

Chapter 1

Outline

• Introduction

• Anatomy and Physiology

• Characteristics of life

• Maintenance of Life

• Levels of organization

Introduction

• Renaissance – birth or new beginning

• 1300’s – 1500’s

• Abiogenesis – Birth without life

• Redi

Anatomy

• The study of the parts and structures of the body

Physiology

• The study of the functions of the parts and structures of the body

Characteristics of life

• Movement• Responsiveness• Growth• Reproduction• Respiration• Digestion• Absorption• Circulation• Assimilation• excretion

metabolism

• All the reactions in the body

Maintenance of Life

• Requirement of organisms

• 1. water

• 2. foods

• 3. oxygen

• 4. heat

• 5. pressure

homeostasis

• Steady state

• Regulation of the body to maintain a constant in environment.

Levels of organization

• Atoms – electrons, protons, neutrons• Elements – Au, H, Ag, Ar, N, He, • Molecules – O2, N2, H2, • Compounds – H2O, C6H12O6, CO2, • Macromolecule• Organelles – mitochondria, chloroplast, ER, ribosomes• Cell – RBC, WBC, neuron, osteocyte• Tissue – group of cells with similar structures and fx ex. Skin, hair, cornea, bone• Organs- group of tissues with similar structures and fx• ex. Brain, heart, lung, kidney, liver, stomach• Systems• organisms

Systems

• Integumentary – skin, hair, nail• Skeletal – femur, tibia, rib• Muscular – bicep brachii, pectorialis minor, hamstring• Nervous – brain, eye, spinal cord• Digestion – stomach, esophagus, colon• Circulation – vein, heart, artery• Respiratory – lungs, diaphragm, bronchi• Urinary – kidney, ureter, urinary bladder• Lymphatic – lymph nodes, spleen, lymph• Endocrine – hormones, thyroid, estrogen• Reproduction – testes, ovary, oocyte, spermatazoa

Rest of Chapter 1 later