Post on 14-Apr-2017
Anammox Process for Nitrogen
Removal from Wastewater
Group members: Jingyi Kan, Xiruo Li, Bing Xu
Contents
• Background
• Application
• Problems and solutions
Background
Discovery of AnammoxA. Mulder et al found Anammox in 1994
Principle of Anammox
1. Chemical Reaction Model
OverallReaction
1
2
3
Gao,F.(2013). The nitrogen removal of municipal sewage based on anaerobic hydrolysis-nitrification-denitrification/anammox.(Doctoral dissertation).Dalian University of Technology, China.
Kartal et al in 2011
Principle of Anammox
2. Biochemical Model
Gao,F.(2013). The nitrogen removal of municipal sewage based on anaerobic hydrolysis-nitrification-denitrification/anammox.(Doctoral dissertation).Dalian University of Technology, China.
1. Nitrate reductase (NIR)2.Hydrazine synthase (HZS)3. Hydrazine dehydrogenase (HDH)
The biological metabolism model of ANAMMOX bacteria
Characteristics of Anammox Bacteria
Main place for
anammox reaction
Cellular StructureAnaerobic chemolithotroph bacteriaG-Generation cycle:11 days
Gao,F.(2013). The nitrogen removal of municipal sewage based on anaerobic hydrolysis-nitrification-denitrification/anammox.(Doctoral dissertation).Dalian University of Technology, China.
Strous et al in 1999
Factors in anammox reactionpH: 6.7-8.3
Temperature: 30-43 centigrade
Oxygen: reversible limitation
Light: activity decrease by 15-20%
COD: >150 mg/L, limit the activity of anammox bacteria
Phosphate: limitation
Ammonium: >100mg/L, activity decrease by 80%
Nitrite:>11ug/L, activity decrease by 50%
Application
• Nitrification-Denitrification
O2 O2 Methanol
• Nitritation-Denitritation
O2 Methanol
𝑁𝐻4+ 𝑁𝑂2
− 𝑁𝑂3−
N2
• Deammonification
O2
→SHARON-ANAMMOX Process
SHARON: 50%
2 Reactors
ANAMMOX: 50%
→CANON ANAMMOX Process
In a single reactor
+ O2 →
+ →
• CANON ANAMMOX Process
• SBR system
• 2 steps (factors to consider)
→S1 Partial nitritation
accumulating
→S2 Anammox
No O2
• Partial nitritation
• Increase FA
• Increase the temperature
• Decrease DO
Problems and solutions
Problems of ANMMOX
• Long start-up time
• low temperature
• Inhibition of Anammox by Organic Carbon
• Treatment of low C/N sewage
HABR reactor
influent
pump
Aeration pumpFlowmeter
thermometerHeater
Sampling port
filler
Discharge port
effluent
Bao. (2016). Nitrogen removal performance of novel HABR reactor over CANON process. Environmental Science, 37(7), 2639-2645.
Performance of HABR during operation
Bao. (2016). Nitrogen removal performance of novel HABR reactor over CANON process. Environmental Science, 37(7), 2639-2645.
Profile of nitrogen and nitrogen removal
Bao. (2016). Nitrogen removal performance of novel HABR reactor over CANON process. Environmental Science, 37(7), 2639-2645.
Conclusions
• The quick start-up process was successfully achieved
by continuous operation within 89 days, and stabilized
over 187 days
• The average removal efficiency of NH4+ and TN
reached about 96% and 83%
More ways to optimize
• Add sensors in the reactor to achieve real-time control
of water quality
• Cultivation of CANON Aerobic Granular Sludge
• Conduct basic research on the microbial populations
present in CANON system,
References
Bao. (2016). Nitrogen removal performance of novel HABR reactor over CANON process.
Environmental Science, 37(7), 2639-2645.
Fu. (2009). Study of CANON process start-up under aerobic conditions. Environmental Science, 30(6),
1689-1694.
Gao, F.(2013). The nitrogen removal of municipal sewage based on anaerobic hydrolysis-nitrification-
denitrification/anammox.(Doctoral dissertation).Dalian University of Technology, China.
Kartal, B., Maalcke, W. J., de Almeida, N. M., Cirpus, I., Gloerich, J., Geerts, W., & Strous, M. (2011).
Molecular mechanism of anaerobic ammonium oxidation. Nature, 479(7371), 127-130.
Mulder, A. (1995). Anaerobic ammonium oxidation discovered in a denitrifying fluidized bed reactor.
FEMS microbiology ecology, 16(3), 177-183.
Strous, M.(1999). Applied and environmental microbiology, 65(7), 3248.
Acknowledgment
Thanks to all the group members for the
preparation and the excellent work you have
done in the presentation!