Post on 17-Dec-2015
Analyzing Human Motion
حرکتی تحلیل و تجزیه یادگیری از هدف1- حرکات اموزشصحیح
حرکات -2 اصالحThe more the marble wastes
The more statue grows
Joint Movement Terminology
• In anatomical position, all body segments are considered to be positioned at zero degrees.– Sagittal Plane Movements– Frontal Plane Movements– Transverse Plane Movements
Looking at this diagram I'd disagree:
Standard Reference TerminologyDirectional Terms
• Superior• Inferior• Anterior• Posterior• Medial• Lateral
• Proximal• Distal• Superficial• Deep
2-5
frontal plane movements
2-6
Sagittal plane movements
2-8
Frontal Plane Movements
2-13
Transverse Plane Movements
2-16
Other Movements
Tools for Measuring Kinematic Quantities
• Cinematography & Videography– Standard video 30 pictures per second– Higher rates available– Clarity of images– Number of cameras to capture information– Computer-linked equipment – digitizing
Specific Movements
• Shoulder girdle & shoulder joint– Depression
• Inferior movement in frontal plane
– Elevation• Superior movement in
frontal plane
Specific Movements
• Shoulder girdle & shoulder joint– Horizontal abduction
• Mvmt. Of humerus in transverse plane away from midline
– Horizontal adduction• Mvmt. Of humerus in
transverse plane toward midline
Specific Movements• Shoulder girdle and shoulder joint
– Protraction• In horizontal plane
– Retraction• In horizontal plane
– Downward rotation (scapula)• In frontal plane
– Upward rotation (scapula)• In frontal plane
Muscle Terminology
• Origin– Usually refers to the proximal, more fixed
attachment point• Insertion
– Usually refers to the distal, more moveable attachment point
Types of Muscular Contraction• Isometric
– “Iso”=same, “metric”=length
– No change in length, but force developed is equal to resistance
• Example: arm wrasslin’, flexin’
Types of Muscular Contraction
• Isotonic– “Iso”=same, “tonic”=tension– Change in length and force developed may be < or
> resistance
Role of Muscles
• Agonist• Antagonist• Stabilizer• Synergist• Neutralizer
Specific Movements
• Shoulder girdle & shoulder joint– Depression
• Inferior movement in frontal plane
– Elevation• Superior movement in
frontal plane
Specific Movements
• Shoulder girdle & shoulder joint– Horizontal abduction
• Mvmt. Of humerus in transverse plane away from midline
– Horizontal adduction• Mvmt. Of humerus in
transverse plane toward midline
Specific Movements• Shoulder girdle and shoulder joint
– Protraction• In horizontal plane
– Retraction• In horizontal plane
– Downward rotation (scapula)• In frontal plane
– Upward rotation (scapula)• In frontal plane
Muscle Terminology
• Origin– Usually refers to the proximal, more fixed
attachment point• Insertion
– Usually refers to the distal, more moveable attachment point
Types of Muscular Contraction• Isometric
– “Iso”=same, “metric”=length
– No change in length, but force developed is equal to resistance
• Example: arm wrasslin’, flexin’
Types of Muscular Contraction
• Isotonic– “Iso”=same, “tonic”=tension– Change in length and force developed may be < or
> resistance
Types of Muscular Contraction• Eccentric
– Force developed < resistance, therefore movement occurs
– Also known as “negative” contraction
– Example: defensive lineman who gets pancaked
Role of Muscles
• Agonist• Antagonist• Stabilizer• Synergist• Neutralizer
Barbell Ab Rollout - On Knees Exercise Data
Main Muscle Worked: AbdominalsOther Muscles Worked: Lower Back, Shoulders
Equipment: BarbellMechanics Type: Compound
Ab Crunch Machine Exercise Data
Main Muscle Worked: AbdominalsOther Muscles Worked: None
Equipment: MachineMechanics Type: Isolation
Naming Skeletal Muscles
• Number of origins – e.g., biceps (two origins) and triceps (three origins)
• Location of attachments – named according to point of origin or insertion
• Action – e.g., flexor or extensor, as in the names of muscles that flex or extend, respectively
Types of Bones• Long
– Ex.- Femur• Short
– Ex.- calcaneus• Flat
– Ex.- Scapula
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Arrangement of Fascicles
Figure 10.1
Bone-Muscle Relationships: Lever Systems
• Lever – a rigid bar that moves on a fulcrum, or fixed point
• Effort – force applied to a lever• Load – resistance moved by the effort
Lever Systems: Classes
• First class – the fulcrum is between the load and the effort
• Second class – the load is between the fulcrum and the effort
• Third class – the effort is applied between the fulcrum and the load
Bone-Muscle Relationships: Lever Systems
Figure 10.2a
Lever Systems: First Class
Figure 10.3a
Lever Systems: Second Class
Figure 10.3b
Lever Systems: Third Class
Figure 10.3c
Bone-Muscle Relationships: Lever Systems
Figure 10.2b
Major Skeletal Muscles: Anterior View• The 40
superficial muscles here are divided into 10 regional areas of the body
Figure 10.4b
Major Skeletal Muscles: Posterior View• The 27
superficial muscles here are divided into seven regional areas of the body
Figure 10.5b
Major Skeletal Muscles: Posterior View• The 27
superficial muscles here are divided into seven regional areas of the body
Figure 10.5b
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