Post on 19-Jul-2018
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference1st Oxyfuel Combustion Conference
An Investigation on the Characteristics of Oxyfuel Combustion of Premixed Swirl FlameOxyfuel Combustion of Premixed Swirl Flame
Ju Hyeong Cho
Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials
Cottbus, Germany
2009. 09. 08
11/22/22
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
Contents
1 Objectives
2. Overview / Background
1. Objectives
3. Experimental Tests
4. Results and Discussion
5. Conclusions
22/22/22
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
Objectives
1. Examine oxyfuel (methane-oxygen) combustion1. Examine oxyfuel (methane oxygen) combustioncharacteristics
2 Evaluate preliminary design parameters for a gas2. Evaluate preliminary design parameters for a gas turbine oxyfuel combustor
33/22/22
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
CCS Technologies (Carbon Capture & Storage)
Post-Combustion N2. (O2), H2O, etc.
N2 + S tCombustorAir CO2
1. Post-Combustion2. Pre-Combustion3. Oxy-fuel Combustion
N H O etcAir
2CO2, H2O, etc.
SyngasSeparatorCombustor
Heat & PowerAir
Gasifier
N2, H2O, etc.CombustorHeat & Power
Shift ReactorCO2 Sep. H2
Syngas
CO2 Pre-Combustion
Coal(NG)
COC b tSyngas
Blowing(O2, Air, Steam) CO2
Capture& Storage
H2O
CO2
O2
ASU
CO2 + H2OCombustor
Heat & PowerSyngas
Oxy fuel Combustion
44/22/22
AirASU
N2
Oxy-fuel Combustion
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
Oxy-fuel Combustion
OxyOxy--fuel Combustionfuel Combustion
CO2 + 2H2O + 7.52N2: CH4 + 2(O2 + 3.76N2)Air-Fuel CO2 + 2H2O: CH4 + 2O2Oxy-fuel
Large Volume, Unnecessary Heating
Air-Fuel Oxy-fuel Feature
a ge o u e, U ecessa y eat g
Flammability Limit 7-15 % 5-50 %Flame StabilityLaminar Burning
Velocity 30 cm/s 390 cm/s
Adiabatic Flame Temperature 2200 K 3050 K Energy
EfficiencyFlue Gas Volume 3.5 1
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Flue Gas Volume 3.5 1
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
Applications of Oxyfuel Combustion
①① Coal Combustion Power PlantCoal Combustion Power Plant ②② GT based CC Power PlantGT based CC Power Plant
③③ Industrial Furnace :Industrial Furnace : Productivity Productivity Heating Time Heating Time Fuel Consumption Fuel Consumption Quality Quality
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1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
Oxyfuel Combustion : Drawbacks
①① Oxygen Production CostOxygen Production Cost
- Cost Reduction (PSA, ITM)
ECX CFI Futures Contracts: Price and Volume
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
8,000,000
s CO
2) 25.00
30.00
35.00
(EUR
)
Total VolumeDec07 SettDec08 Sett
European Climate Exchange (ECX)
( , ) Future CO2 Regulation
(Climate Exchange Trading,Carbon Tax) 1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
, ,
VOLU
ME
(tonn
es
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
Pric
e pe
r ton
ne (
②② Hi h T tHi h T t
0
2006-02-06
2006-02-27
2006-03-20
2006-04-10
2006-05-03
2006-05-24
2006-06-15
2006-07-06
2006-07-27
2006-08-17
2006-09-07
2006-09-28
2006-10-19
2006-11-09
2006-11-30
2006-12-21
15-01-2007
05-02-2007
26-02-2007
19-03-2007
10-04-2007
01-05-2007
22-05-20070.00
- Materials Limit, Additional Cooling Flue Gas Recirculation
②② High TemperatureHigh Temperature
300
400
ppm
]Flue Gas Recirculation
N2 in Produced Oxygen: 3~5 %
Thermal NOx
0
100
200
NO
x [p
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Air Leakage in Furnace 0 10 20 30 400
Nitrogen Concentration [%]
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
Solutions for reduction of high temperature
Oxyfuel CC: SemiOxyfuel CC: Semi--Closed Closed COCO22 CycleCyclecondenser
HRSGFuelO2
C T T
COMB
H2O CO2 to compression
83% CO215% H2O1.8% O2
96% COGT
G
W t C lW t C l
CO2
96% CO22% H2O2.1% O2
SteamTurbine
~90% Recycle
Water CycleWater Cycle
HP Combustor
Recup-
condenserO2 O2Fuel
1 bar
0.1 bar1328oC900oCCOMB COMB
H2O
C HPT LPT
Recuperator
FuelFeedPump
Cond.PumpH2O
G
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2
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
CLC: Chemical Looping Comb (SINTEF)CLC: Chemical Looping Comb (SINTEF)
Solutions for reduced efficiency due to the O2 Production
SOFC/GT Combined Cycle (NTNU)SOFC/GT Combined Cycle (NTNU)
CLC: Chemical Looping Comb. (SINTEF)CLC: Chemical Looping Comb. (SINTEF)
TG
F l RED
MeO
TG
CO2 to compressionExhaust TurbineHRSG
Fuel
OX
RED
Me
Afterburner
Combustor
condenser
Fuel
H2O
Air
C T T GGT
SteamTurbine
H2O
MembraneO2 O2
SOFCExternalReformer
Air
AZEP (Norsk Hydro)AZEP (Norsk Hydro)
HRSG
H2O
Comb
Fuel
CO2
GC T
Air
Air Turbine
SOFCAnode
CathodeT GMCM Reactor
O2
Q Q
Steam
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Air
CGT
T G
SteamTurbine
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
Oxyfuel Power Generation System
MCFC System
[Available Heat] from FCE homepage- Gas Temp : ~340
Off
MCFC System: FCE社 DFC3000 model (2.4MW, ηelec=47%)
p- Flow rate : ~14.3 ton/hr
: N2 65%, H2O 20%, O2 10%, CO2 5%- Possible recovery heat(@120 exhaust)
: ~ 1,018kW
Off-gas
,
CombustorFuel
O2MCFC system
Cathode Off-gas(340 ℃) Oxyfuel PG
System
Patent
Combustor
GTSteam
CO2+H2OHRSG
(~860kW)
Exhaust(155 ℃)
Steam (197℃)
Condenser
( )
- 15 kgf/cm2(T =197 )
Water(25℃)Pump
H2O return
1010/22/22
CO2 capture
- 15 kgf/cm (Tsat=197 )- 1.15 ton/hr saturated steam - ΔTlm=10 of Pinching point
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
Combustor configurations
Design target : 100kWTH @ 11.6 bara
Test performed at an ambient pressure
- Excess O2 : 1~5%
- CO2 Emission : >90%
- CO Emission : <100ppm
Casing
pp
LinerDilution hole
Film Cooling DeviceIgnition hole
Fuel
Swirler Guider
O2
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(O2 + CO2) or (O2 + H2O)CO2 or H2O CO2 or H2O
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
Oxyfuel combustion – experimental setup
PI-MAX
Vent
Data Logger
ICCD Camera
Controller
NO / CO / O2
CH4 / CO2 Cooling water
H L
P
POO22H L
COCO22
22
PDSLR Camera
SwirlerH L
CHCH44
1212/22/22
CHCH44
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
Test facilities
F l / O S l
Boiler
Steam Control Line
Oxyfuel Combustor
CombustorGas Probe
Fuel / O2 Supply
Steam HeaterSteam Control Line
Control Panel
Steam Supply
Control Panel Fuel / O2 Supply
1313/22/22
BoilerSteam HeaterFuel CompressorO2 Supply Gas Analyzer
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
1st OxyfuelCombustionConferenceFlame quenching test by CO2 or H2O addition
Load 1 kg/hr Remarks
CH4 1.656 Reference heat load
O2 6.66 Excess 1%CO2 H2O varying AFT controlCO2, H2O varying AFT control
1) Heat Load conditions :
0.6 , 0.8 , 1.0 , 1.2
2) Swirl angle :) g
30˚ , 45˚ , 60˚
1414/22/22
※ Flame temperature for stable combustion > 2250 K
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
Direct Image
The swirl angle effect on flame quenching
OH Radicals (307nm)( )
60˚30˚ 45˚PIV
Recommended swirl angle :
1515/22/22
45 o
30˚ 45˚ 60˚
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
Determination of liner diameter
Reference ConditionsFuel 1.65 kg/hr Fixed
O2 6.66 kg/hr Varying
H2O 9.00 kg/hr Fixed
AFT control : H2O
S i l l 45˚Swirl angle : 45˚
Liner length : 700mm
ProbeDL
1616/22/22
700mm※ Liner diameter : Φ200
mm
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
1st OxyfuelCombustionConferenceCenter temperature profile
Reference ConditionsFuel 1 65 kg/hrFuel 1.65 kg/hr
O2 6.66 kg/hr
H2O 9.00 kg/hr
AFT control : H2O
Swirl angle : 45˚
Liner length : 700mm
Liner diameter : 200mm
TC
X
R
1717/22/22
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
1st OxyfuelCombustionConferenceDetermination of dilution hole location
Reference ConditionsFuel 1.65 kg/hr
O2 6.66 kg/hr
H2O 9.00 kg/hr
Dilution hole locationAFT t l H OAFT control : H2O
Swirl angle : 45˚
Liner length : 700mmLiner length : 700mm
Liner diameter : 200mm
ProbeX
R
1818/22/22
700mm ※ Dilution hole location > 45㎝
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
The diluent gas effect on CO emission
Reference ConditionsFuel 1.65 kg/hr Fixed
O2 6.66 kg/hr VaryingCO2 / 15 5 / 9 0 FixedH2O
15.5 / 9.0 Fixed
AFT control : CO2 / H2O
Swirl angle : 45˚
Liner length : 700mm
Liner diameter : 200mm
1919/22/22
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
Conclusions
Examine oxyfuel combustion characteristics for the application of gas turbine combustor
1. Stable flame requires that AFT > 2250K.
2. Swirler angle of 45o makes the most stable flame.
3. CO emission reduced with an increase in the liner diameter.
4. Desirable dilution Hole location > 45cm.
Swirl Angle 45˚
Liner Dia.200mm
AFT > 2250K
2020/22/22
> 45cm
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This research was supported by :
Carbon Dioxide Reduction & Sequestration Research Center(one of the 21st Century Frontier Programs funded by Korean government)government)
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1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
1st OxyfuelCombustionConference
Thank you for your attention !감사합니다 !감사합니다 !
2222/22/22