Post on 23-Feb-2016
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Ms. Warnberg
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE MIDDLE AGES
Lead an invasion of England after his cousin once
removed, King Edward the Confessor, dies.
Claimed he was the rightful king.
United the Anglo-Saxons.• Doomesday Book• Law & Order• Cultural Unity
WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR
What was William’s title before he conquered the Anglo-Saxons?
GodThe KingVassals & LordsKnightsSerfs
FEUDALISM: CHAIN OF BEING
The king owned all the land. Lords were appointed by the king. They could grant land to vassals or be vassals themselves.Vassals received land from a lord in exchange for military service or other loyalties. They could be lords by distributing portions of their land to others.Knights served lords in battle. Vassals had to provide them.Serfs were peasants who worked the land that others owned.
• Only wealthy knights could afford armor.
• They received the title “sir”.
• Chivalry and Loyalty• Loyalty to their lord was
sealed with a kiss
KNIGHTS
What do knights have to do with The Lion King?
Could not serve as soldiers, therefore they had no
political powerSubservient to all men
(fathers, husbands, brothers)
Roles were to bear children and to take care of the
house and fields
WOMEN DURING THE MIDDLE AGES
How do women in the United States live compared to women in the Middle Ages?
Chivalry: system of ideals & social codes governing the
behavior of knights and gentlewomen
Oaths of loyalty to the king and lords were part of it
Adoring a lady would make one braver and nobler
Courtly love: means of self-improvement, nonsexualGuinevere and Lancelot
broke the code and ruined the system
CHIVALRY AND COURTLY LOVE
What famous knight is represented on this slide?
Dulcineahttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ayz50HeFJUU&feature=related
• These are physical proof of religious faithin the everyday world– “Souvenirs” of holy
people thought to havereligious significance &
the power of God toheal
Three Types of Relics
• 1st Degree: Actual body part of a saint or holy
person
– Ex.: finger, skull, hair, entire skeleton, etc.
• 2nd Degree: Item that was touched by and
belonged to the saint or holy person
– Ex.: clothing, shoes, jewelry
• 3rd Degree: Item that came in contact with the
saint or holy person
– Ex.: piece of his/her home, book, crucifix or rosary
HOLY RELICS
A woman’s value was tied to the land she brought into a
marriageSir Gawain and the Green
KnightRomance: a hero undertakes
a quest to conquer an evil enemy (often with the help
of magic)
ROMANCE
Can anyone think of a modern day romance?
As people moved to the city, a new class system
developed that made the feudal system obsolete.
Upper, middle, lowerWe see evidence of this in
Chaucer’s work
THE FALL OF FEUDALISM
• Began in the Church – most of thepopulation was illiterate and plays taught
stories of the Bible
– Miracle Plays – Based on the legends ofsaints
– Mystery Plays – Based on Biblical stories
• Passion Plays- reenacted the last week and
crucifixion of Christ’s life
–Morality Plays – personified virtues and vices
• Performances of the plays was taken over by the trade
guilds– Groups of men of the same
trade– Pageant wagons or carts were movable stages on
wagons that depicted different scenes of a skit and processed
through thetown
• Modern-day parades are modeled after this
DRAMA
Archbishop of CanteburyPrime Minister under King Henry II• “Will no one rid me of this
meddlesome priest?”• King Henry’s knights murder
Thomas.
Public outrage
Thomas a martyr
Tension between Catholic church and England
THOMAS A’ BECKET
• Fosters cultural unity• Continues to be a center for learning
– Monasteries- libraries and publishers
– Latin – international language of educated Europeans– Pope- “King of
Kings” his kingdom had no boundaries
THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
• King John was backed by the Pope but
English barrons forced him to sign the
document to curb the Church’s power
– Later it becomes the basis for English
constitutional law
• Trial by Jury• Legislative taxation
MAGNA CARTA- “GREAT CHARTER”
• 1st national war between England &France
• 2 British kings (Edward III & Henry V)
claimed the throne of France
– English lost– English yeoman- small landowners
formnucleus of the army – replace knights
• Yeoman class, modern democratic England is
born
HUNDRED YEARS’ WAR1337-1453
• Young French girl who had visions of Christ as a child
• Persuaded King of France to allow her to lead
the French army into battle – was told by God
she would be victorious– Captured in Burgundy and sold to the
English– English turned her over to the Catholic
Church for trial– tried for heresy (speaking out against the
Catholic Church and her beliefs), witchcraft, and wearing men’s clothes
• Burned to death and canonized as a sainthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=6gv2p2WZoUE
JOAN OF ARC1412-1431
• 1348-1349• Spread by fleas and rats
• Reduced England’s population by a 1/3
– Caused labor shortage– Feudalism dies – serfs are freed
• (Bring out your dead)• http
://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grbSQ6O6kbs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jFACHNd_AWs
THE BLACK DEATH:BUBONIC PLAGUE
• King Henry VII’s marriage reconcileswarring houses of York and Lancaster
– War of the Roses-over which house would
rule England
• York – red rose• Lancaster-white rose
• Lancaster won – strong king started the
Tudor line – King Henry VIII’s family –England’s Renaissance begins
END OF THE MIDDLE AGES