An Introduction to Deep TimeMarc HirschmannUniversity of Minnesota

CIDER Summer Program 2012

“DEEP TIME”“How did early Earth become our modern world?”

July 1 – August 10Tutorial/Workshop July 15-August 10

Application Deadline February 1st, 2012Instructors (some additions expected)

Geochemistry: Rick Carlson, Mark Harrison, Bill McDonough, Sujoy MukhopadhyayGeodynamics: Bruce Buffett, Michael Manga, Dave StevensonMineral Physics: Marc Hirschmann, Jie Li, Dave RubieSeismology: Ed Garnero, Guy Masters, Barbara Romanowicz

Other Confirmed Faculty Participants: Thorsten Becker, Adam Dziewionski, Abbie Kavner, Louise Kellogg, Sarah Stewart, Kevin Zahnle

WHAT IS CIDER DEEP TIME?How did early Earth become our modern world?

WHAT IS DEEP TIME?

CIDER DEEP TIME?How did early Earth become our modern world?

Some Principles

How far back can we go?

Star Nursuries(Giant Molecular Clouds) Accretion in the solar nebula

Rubie et al. 2011

Accretion/Core Formation/Magma Ocean(s)

Energetics, geochemical differentiation, etc.

Wood and Halliday, 2005

Canup, 2004

The bulk composition ofthe Earth is a key constraint on Its modern geochemistry

Righter+Drake

Usui et al. 2009 - G3

Antiquity of the geodynamo

Sun et al. 2010 Labrosse et al. 2007

Superplumes/LLSVPs: Origin? Ancient Features?Basal Magma Ocean?

Figure from Valley (2002)

What was and what were the effectsof the Late Heavy Bombardment?

Wolfgang et al. 2009

Gradual “Mixing In” of PGEs from Late Veneer (?)

When did the principal mantle geochemical reservoirs arise (and how did they arise through differentiation, mixing of “primitive” and “recycled” components, stirring, etc.

Tackley, 2000 Hart et al. (numerous papers))

S B Shirey, S H Richardson Science 2011;333:434-436

Brown, 2006

When did plate tectonics begin?

Korenaga – in press

Thermal Evoultion of the MantleTaking Into Account Influence of H2O

Herzberg et al. 2010

Mantle TemperatureBased on basalt chemistry

What has been the thermal evoultion of the Earth through time?

Raymond et al. 2006

Delivery of H2O to growing terrestrial planets

What is the inventory of volatiles in the modern Earth?How much was delivered during accretion?

Zahnle et al. 2007

Trail et al. 2011

Hopkins et al. 2008The NORMAL JACK HILLS WORLD

Wilde et al. 2001

Yuan and Romanowicz, 2010

Origin and Stabilization of ContinentsAnd Continental Cratons

Cratonic Xenolith Model Ages(Carlson et al. 2005)

Origin of Life, Evidence for Early Life

Isotopically Light Carbon NanoparticlesRosing, 1999