Post on 30-May-2018
8/9/2019 An Awful Stack of Words: Typewriting in Communications History
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zlwev le niingvayn mnv`cf ci zravaej% A bnglmn glrn-
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cr l vqtnzravnr% Icr Bcovnr/ trcwn aw l mleat~olvace ci
vctagw gcewvr~gvnf yal l fajavlo gcmt~vnr% Gcmtlrn Wq
Wqirlewkqw loo~wace vc zravaej lw l m~waglo lzlkneaej/ crMag`nenrw icrgni~o fnwgratvace ci zravaej lw ianrgn
zcrk vc Bcovnrw oainonww fntagvace ci zravaej lw mleat~-
olvaej vctagw% Ae v`aw gcmtlrawce/ vqtnzravaej w~rnoq
gcmnw lgrcww lw l mcrn nmcvayn/ aeycoynf mcfn ci gcm-
m~eaglvaej gcmtlrnf vc v`n fajavlo knqbclrf% Lrn v`nwn
h~wv nplmtonw ci faiinrnev zravaej wvqonw/ cr lrn v`nwnvng`ecocjaglooq aef~gnf w`aivw ae gcjeavayn trcgnwwnw3
92 Bcovnr/
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Neg`levnf Zravaej
Ai vqtnzravaej `lw bngcmn/ icr wcmn/ l mcrn nmc-
vayn lef aeycoynf lovnrelvayn vc knqbclrfaej/ av aw aevnr-
nwvaej vc ecvn v`lv ae v`n nlroq flqw ci vqtn zravaej/
vqtaej zlw civne rninrrnf vc lw l~vcmlvag zravaej%
Javnomle nptolaew v`lv v`n gceengvacew bnvznne l~v`cr-
w`at lef zravaej bnglmn lvvne~lvn lef cbwg~rn z`ne v`n
olvvnr bnglmn enzoq l~vcmlvag% Lw v`n vqtnzravnr bn-
glmn mcrn lggntvnf lef onww gcewtag~c~w/ zav` v`n wvrak-
aej ci v`n knqw le ~ev`aekaej/ lomcwv mng`leaglo trcgnww/
bcv` v`n mlg`aen lef avw ctnrlvcr ilfnf ircm yanz%Mleq tct~olr twqg`agw ci v`n wlmn tnracf z`c mleainwvnf
l~vcmlvag zravaej ircm wtaravw/ tcaevw c~v Javnomle/
noagavnf vlttaej wc~efw/ wtnoonf c~v gcmm~eaglvacew bn-
vznne v`n oayaej lef v`n fnlf% W`n lrj~nw v`lv v`n t`n-
ecmnece ci vqtnzravaej lef v`n t`necmnece ci
wtarav~loawm ae v`n olvn eaenvnnev` gnev~rq lrn gceengvnf
bq mcrn v`le h~wv gcnpawvnegn ae vamn% V`nq bcv` rn-
iongvnf l g~ov~rlo faw|~anv lrc~ef yaw~loavq lef vnpv~lo
nyafnegn% Tncton inlrnf v`lv zav`c~v `lefzravaej vc
rnynlo le l~v`crw afnevavq lef g`lrlgvnr/ vqtnzravvne
fcg~mnevw zc~of bn w~wtngv% Ae tct~olr oavnrlv~rn w~g`
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lw v`n W`nrocgk @comnw mqwvnranw/ vqtnf mlvnralo civne
`lf afnevaiqaej iolzw v`lv rnynlonf v`n afnevavq ci v`n
vqtawv% Ae v`aw zlq tct~olr oavnrlv~rn lffrnwwnf lef rnlw-
w~rnf w~g` lepanvanw%97
Cv`nr wvcranw tolqnf ~tce g~ov~rlo inlrw% Ae
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7
Blejw zlw icef ci ~waej ilmc~w fngnlwnf tncton lw
g`lrlgvnrw ae `aw zcrk/ lef gctqraj`v olz faf ecv knntYagvcrale zravnrw ircm cgglwacelooq bcrrczaej g`lrlgvnrw
w~g` lw W`nrocgk @comnw ircm cen lecv`nr% Z`lv wvraknw
mn mcwv lbc~v v`aw wvcrq aw Blejw g`lrlgvnraxlvace ci v`n
vqtnzravnr lw Bcwznoow ljnev/ b~v lowc lw m~g` mcrn%
Blejw `~mcr fntnefnf ~tce `aw lg~vn g~ov~rlo aewaj`v/
lef zav` v`aw wvcrq `n `av l h~j~olr ynae ae v`n g~ov~rlogcewgac~wenww/ vlrjnvaej loo ci v`cwn ~eelmnf amljaeaejw
lbc~v v`n fnjrnn ci `~mleavq aehngvnf aevc gnrvlae gcm-
m~eaglvacew vng`ecocjanw% V`n lengfcvn lbc~v Mnefnow-
9> Blejw
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wc`e aw tlrvag~olroq vnooaej/ bngl~wn av lwwajew le ljnegq
lef aevnooajnegn vc @comnw vqtnzravnr lwafn ircm v`lv ci
v`n ae`lbavaej wtaravw ci Bcwznoo lef Mnefnowwc`e8 v`n
vqtnzravnr/ ce avw cze/ w~ttoanf zcrfw v`lv lbwco~vnoq
gceynqnf v`n afnlw `n mnlev vc braej c~v zav` v`n m~-
wag% @nrn/ v`n vqtnzravnr lttnlrw lw aevnrtrnvayn l~v`cr%
V`aw zlw nplgvoq z`lv tncton w~wtngvnf loo locej, (@cz
faf leqcen kecz z`lv loo ci v`cwn ciiagn vqtnzravnrw faf
livnr nynrqcen znev `cmn3!
Icr mleq qnlrw/ bcv` zravaej mlg`aenw lef v`n tnc-ton z`c ctnrlvnf v`nm znrn kecze lw vqtn zravnrw%
V`n w`lrnf olbno aeinrw l kaef ci bo~rraej bnvznne/ cr
bonefaej ci/ `~mleavq lef mlg`aen% Ae wcmn wnewnw/ ae
v`n olvn eaenvnnev` gnev~rq/ gnrvlae kaefw ci vng`ecoc-
janw/ tlrvag~olroq vng`ecocjanw v`lv wnnmnf vc np`abav l~-
v`crw`at lef l~v`cravq/ lef zloknf v`n oaen bnvznnegrnlvace lef trnwnevlvace/ wnnmnf loayn/ leamlvn % % %
neg`levnf%
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Zravaej Mlg`aenw
cr V`aekaej Mlg`aenw3
Oawl Javnomle cbwnrynw v`lv v`n aeynevace ci vqtn-
zravnrw faf ecv trcf~gn v`n brnlg` bnvznne v`n trcgnwwci l~v`craej lef v`n trcgnww ci aewgrabaej% Av faf/ `cz-
nynr/ g`lejn v`n g`lrlgvnr ci v`n brnlg`/ mlkn tncton
mcrn lzlrn ci av/ lef tnr`ltw nyne zafne av%99 Lw v`n
e~mbnr ci aewgratvace mcfnw aegrnlwnw/ av aw aegrnlwaejoq
gonlr v`lv aewgratvace mcfnw gle w~ttcrv cr ~efnrmaen
v`n l~v`cravq ci v`n aewgrabnr/ lef tnr`ltw nyne w`ltn
v`n elv~rn ci v`n gcevnev%
V`n ceoq v`aej trnfagvlbon lbc~v v`n gcewn|~negnw
ci vng`ecocjaglo fnynoctmnevw aw v`nar ~etrnfagvlbaoavq%
V`n \ZNRVQ onjlgq aoo~wvrlvnw v`aw% Wc fcnw v`n ilao~rn ci
zlp t`cecjrlt` fawkw vc rntolgn bcckw lef onvvnrw% V`n
vlonw ci v`n t`cecjrlt`/ v`n vqtnzravnr/ lef v`n gcm-
t~vnr lrn aewvr~gvayn ae v`nar rnynolvace ci c~r trninrnegnicr zcrfw zn gle vc~g`/ icr v`n vlgvaon nptnranegn ci
rnlfaej lef zravaej ce tltnr% Loo vng`ecocjanw wnnm vc
99 Javnomle/ 2
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7>
wcmn`cz rnzarn c~r brlaew/ b~v ecen wc m~g` lw gcm-
m~eaglvacew vng`ecocjanw% V`n vlon ci v`n vqtnzravnr ae
tlrvag~olr icrgnw |~nwvacew lbc~v v`n zlq vng`ecocjq
mcfaianw c~r zlqw ci zcrkaej lef/ ae wc fcaej/ c~r zlqw
ci v`ekaej% V`n g`lejn ircm glrni~ooq frlzaej onvvnrw vc
fr~mmaej c~v wvleflrfaxnf ynrwacew `lf vc `lyn bnne/
ecv gl~wnf bq cr gl~wlvayn ci/ b~v lggcmtleanf bq/ l
gcjeavayn w`aiv ci mcewvrc~w trctcrvacew% Z`aon wcmn
zravnrw rntcrv wajeaiaglev faiinrnegnw bnvznne ~waej l
vqtnzravnr lef ~waej l gcmt~vnr/ w~rnoq v`n vqtnzravnricwvnrnf l gcjeavayn wvlvn ae z`ag` zn wvaoo i~egvace/ vc l
fnjrnn/ ae v`n nlroq 2
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Baboacjrlt`q
Lbbn/ Nornafl% L Bnlgce icr Zravnrw% Zravnr y ->0:%
Blejw/ Hc`e Knefragk% V`n Neg`levnf Vqtnzravnr% Trchngv J~vnebnrj
Oavnrlrq Lrg`ayn Ic~eflvace% Cpicrf/ MW% Rnonlwn Flvn8 Ltrao/
2442 Rnonlwn '7
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7:
`vvt8##zzz%zravnrmlj%gcm#zrv#fnil~ov%lwtp3g=l)af=261 (lg-
gnwwnf 46#22#46!%
Mlrnw/ Jncrjn Glro% V`n `awvcrq ci v`n vqtnzravnr/ w~ggnwwcr vc v`n
tne 8 le aoo~wvrlvnf lggc~ev ci v`n crajae/ rawn lef fnynoctmnev civ`n zravaej mlg`aen% Lrglfal/ GL 8 Tcwv-Nrl Bcckw/ % Crajaelo
t~boaglvace Ocefce8 J% Tavmle/ / #clvnw%`vm
Tlrr/ Rnwengk% Leen Wnpvce% V`n Wgrabenr Zravnrw Wnranw/ LmnragleZravnrw W~tt% 2% G`lronw Wgrabenrw Wcew8
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