Transcript of AMERICAN HISTORY CH. 16-3 THEODORE ROOSEVELT'S SQUARE DEAL.
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- AMERICAN HISTORY CH. 16-3 THEODORE ROOSEVELT'S SQUARE DEAL
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- ROOSEVELTS VIEW OF THE PRESIDENCY 1898Roosevelt becomes
Governor of New York NY Political machine opposed Roosevelt
Roosevelt is nominated for Vice-President TAKING OFFICE
1901--President McKinley is assassinated by anarchist Leon Czolgosz
Roosevelt becomes President Youngest President ever 42 years old
Roosevelt was a hands-on leader, unlike previous Presidents
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- BULLY PULPITa powerful platform to publicize important issues
and seek support for his policies Roosevelt brought new momentum to
the Progressive movement THE COAL STRIKE OF 1902 150,000 PA coal
miners struck for higher wages, shorter hours, and recognition of
their union As winter approached, Roosevelt realized the importance
of settling the strike
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- Roosevelt urged miners and owners to accept arbitration
ARBITRATIONtwo sides allow a third-party to settle the dispute
Workers agreed but owners refused Roosevelt threatened to take over
the mines until the owners relented and agreed to arbitration plan
Final Decisionshorter workday and higher pay but no recognition of
the union Roosevelt pronounced the agreement a square deal
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- THE SQUARE DEAL Became Roosevelts campaign slogan in 1904 Each
person should get a square deal because they are entitled to no
more or no less The needs of workers, business, and consumers
should be balanced Limit the power of trusts, promoting public
health and safety, and improve working conditions Roosevelt faced
no opposition securing his partys nomination He easily defeated his
opponent, Judge Alton Parker (D-NY) in the general election
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- REGULATING BIG BUSINESS Big business was essential to economic
growth, but companies should behave responsibly TRUST-BUSTING
1901J.P. Morgan, James J. Hill, and E.H. Harriman joined their
railroads together to eliminate competition Company called the
Northern Securities Company 1902Roosevelt directed the Attorney
General to sue the Northern Securities Company for violating the
Sherman Antitrust Act 1904USSC ruled the monopoly did violate the
law and ordered the company broken up
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- The ruling encouraged the administration to begin an aggressive
trust-busting campaign Suits filed against those trusts that
Roosevelt thought were bad for the American public REGULATING THE
RAILROADS Railroads commonly granted rebates to their best
companies Huge companies paid significantly less to ship products
1903Elkins Actprohibited railroads from accepting rebates All
customers would pay the same rates
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- Hepburn Act of 1906 strengthened the Interstate Commerce
Commission ICC allowed to set maximum railroad rates and regulate
other companies that were engaged in interstate commerce PROTECTING
COMSUMERS Publics dismayed about practices of food and drug
industries Food producers tricked the unknowing public into buy old
or rotten food by saying it was fresh Drug companies sold medicines
that didnt work
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- Other companies marketed patent, or nonprescription, medicines
containing dangerous narcotic drugs Dr. James Soothing Syrupsooth
babies teething pain Contained heroin Gowans Pneumonia Cure
contained the addictive painkiller opium Meatpacking industry
exposed by novelist Upton Sinclairs book The Jungle Roosevelt
directed the Secretary of Agriculture James Wilson to
investigate
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- Wilsons report was gruesome reading We saw meat shoveled from
filthy wooden floors, piled on tables rarely washed, pushed from
room to room in rotten box carts. In all of which processes it [the
meat] was in the way of gathering dirt, splinters, floor filth, and
the expectoration [saliva] of tuberculous and other diseased
workers 1906Congress jumps to action MEAT INSPECTION ACTrequired
federal inspection of meat shipped across state lines
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- PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACTforbade the manufacture, sale, or
transportation of food and patent medicine containing harmful
ingredients. Food and medicine containers had to carry accurate
ingredient labels
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- ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION Late 1800speople thought the USA had
an unlimited amount of natural resources Lumber companies cleared
large tracts of land Farmers plowed up the great plains Mining
companies clogged rivers and clutter land with refuse 1903Roosevelt
joined naturalist John Muir on a camping trip to Yosemite National
Park, CA Unfortunately God cannot save trees from foolsJ. Muir THE
NEWLANDS RECLAMATION ACT of 1902 Allowed the federal government to
create irrigation projects to make dry lands productive
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- The Roosevelt Administration launched 20+ reclamation projects
GIFFORD PINCHOT was the first to use conservation The conservation
of natural resources is the key to the future. 1905U.S. Forest
Service created with Pinchot as its chief 150+ million acres of
forest land added to national forests The Antiquities Act of
1906created 18 national monuments during these few years
Environmental conservation is viewed as Roosevelts legacy THE
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