Post on 02-Jan-2016
American Colonies Emerge Intro.
Illustrated Timeline
Directions
• Create a timeline with the dates and events provided• Events SHOULD NOT be proportional (evenly space them)
• Alternate between top and bottom of the timeline
• Each event must be labelled with appropriate title and date(s)• Choose 5 to illustrate; choose 5 to describe
• Yes, it must be colored
American Colonies Emerge
• 1492-Christopher Columbus lands in the Americas
• 1521-Cortes Conquers the Aztec Empire
• 1540-Coronado explores the American southwest
• 1565-St. Augustine established by the Spanish
• 1585-English establish colony at Roanoke Island
• 1607-Jamestown established by John Smith and other English
• 1620-English “Pilgrims” establish the Plymouth Colony
• 1630-English Puritans establish the Massachusetts Bay Colony
• 1664-English take New Amsterdam from the Dutch
• 1681-William Penn receives charter for Pennsylvania
BELLRINGER
-Describe the first meeting between the Spanish and
the natives according to this picture.
-How does this interpretation foreshadow the relationship between
the two groups?
Take out a blank sheet of paper and fold the
left side to the middle.
Draw a line down the crease.
The Spanish Empire
“God, Gold, and Glory”
Spain’s explorers
• Juan Ponce de Leon
• Vasco Nunez de Balboa
• Ferdinand Magellan
• Hernan Cortes
• Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca
• Francisco Vasquez de Coronado
• Hernando de Soto
Ponce de Leon
• Hidalgo- • low ranking noble
• Named Florida in 1513• Searched for mythical
“fountain of youth”• Given Puerto Rico, but
replaced by Diego Columbus
Balboa
• Landed in Panama
• First known Europeans to see Pacific Ocean
• Condemned to death on false charges of treason and Native American abuse
Magellan
• Portuguese, but hired by Spanish King
• First to sail around South America and to the Pacific
• His men were the first to circumnavigate the globe
Cortes
• Aztecs governed 20 million people • 200,000 in capital
• Cortes joined enemies of the Aztecs together
• In three years destroyed Aztec empire
Cabeza de Vaca
• Explored Texas area after being shipwrecked
• Spread Native’s stories of seven golden cities• Pueblo villages
• Lured further explorers to North America
Coronado
• Searched for golden cities
• Explored Southwest with 1400 men and 1500 animals
• Allowed for Spain’s claim to entire Southwest
• Found guilty of atrocities against Native Americans
de Soto
• Landed in Florida, to “conquer, populate and pacify”
• He wanted golden cities
• AL, FL, TN, MS, OK
• Recorded Native tribes
St. Augustine
• Needed defensive bases to protect ships carrying gold and silver
• 1565, St. Augustine established
• Presidios, or forts, developed but most not maintained
Encomienda System
• Hidalgos-most conquistadors-low-ranking nobles
• Goal was to gain wealth and prestige
• Rewarded with control over portions of the Empire
Spanish American Society
• King splits empire in America into viceroyalties
• Leader known as Viceroy
• Didn’t find gold; lots of silver instead
• Haciendas-Large ranches to feed miners
Spanish American Society
• Peninsulares-people born in Spain; highest
• Criollos-Spanish parents, born in colonies-middle
• Mestizos-Spanish and Native Am. Parents- lower middle
• Other
• Based on: birth, income, and education
Moctezuma and Cortes-8 mins.
• Who was Hernan Cortes?
• Who was Moctezuma?
• What happened when Cortes met Moctezuma in 1519?
Document A-10 mins.
• Who wrote the document and when was it written?
• Who was the recipient of this document?• How might this influence the content of the document?
• According to the document, what did Moctezuma say to Cortes?
• Does this document corroborate the textbook document?
• What is one reason Document A would be a reliable source to understand what happened when Moctezuma met Cortés?
• What is one reason Document A would not be a reliable source to understand what happened when Moctezuma met Cortés?
Document B-10 mins.
• Who wrote document B and when was it written?
• Who supervised the writing of document B?
• How might this influence the content of the document?
• According to document B, what did Moctezuma say to Cortes?
• Does this document corroborate the textbook document?
• What is one reason Document B would be a reliable source to understand what happened when Moctezuma met Cortés?
• What is one reason Document B would not be a reliable source to understand what happened when Moctezuma met Cortés?
• How does Document A compare to Document B?
Document C-10 mins.
• Who wrote document C? When was it written?
• Based on this information, do you think this is a reliable account of what happened when Moctezuma met Cortes? Why or why not?
• According to Document C, why did Moctezuma tell Cortés that the Aztecs had been expecting him?
• According to Document C, why did Spanish missionaries claim that Moctezuma believed Cortés was Quetzacoatl?
• How does Document C’s account of what happened when Moctezuma met Cortés compare to Document A and Document B?
Summary-8 mins.
• What is one reason why you might believe that Moctezuma welcomed Cortés into the Aztec capital?
• What is one reason why you might NOT believe that Moctezuma welcomed Cortés?
• Based on these three documents, how confident are you in knowing what happened during their first meeting? Explain.
English Exploration and
Settlement
John Cabot A.k.a. Giovannia CabotoA.ka. Juan Caboto
• Arrives in 1497
• First Englishman, second European
• Explores the Labrador Coast• Claims Canada for England
• Doesn’t come back from second expedition..
Sir Martin Frobisher• Expeditions in 1576, ’77,
78
• Looking for the Northwest Passage
• Thinks he finds gold, then iron ore
• Hired as privateer• Shot trying to steal gold
from a Spanish fleet
Henry Hudson• NW passage again
• Explores Greenland, Northern Arctic, eventually Chesapeake Bay
• Explores up the Hudson River
• Dies after mutiny
England’s Sea Dogs• Privateer- Hired by a
government to harass other countries’ ships
• Raided Spanish treasure ships
• Spain is Catholic, England is Protestant
Sir Francis Drake
• Starts as slave trader
• Privateer in 1572
• Known for raiding Spanish settlements and stealing gold/silver
• Basically causes the Spanish Armada
• Dies of dysentery
Settling the Americas1. Need a base to sail from
2. Still looking for a Northwest Passage
3. See the natives as a new market for trade
4. Send unemployed and homeless to America
Settling Roanoke• Established by Walter Raleigh in 1585
• First attempt, people are starving and go back to England
• Second attempt, everybody vanishes
• Only clue left is word “Croatoan” carved into a tree
The Colonial Charter System
Granting Settlements
•The King offered charters based on reason for settlement
•King James I, 1603-1625
•King Charles I, 1625-1649
Joint-stock
•Organized as a corporation
• Investors fund and run company
•Profits and losses shared by investors
•Ex., Jamestown
Proprietary
•Granted by the King
•One person, or a small group
•Had full governing rights
•Ex., William Penn’s Pennsylvania
Royal
• King appointed Governor• Governor served as chief official• Colonial assemblies approved laws• The King converted most colonies to Royal by early 1700’s
Self-Governing
• Independent of the King and of corporations
• Separatist religious groups
• Developed their own government
• Ex., Pilgrims- Mayflower Compact
On a separate sheet of paper..
• You will translate the Mayflower Compact into Modern English
• Then in 3-4 sentences:• Explain the importance of the compact on the
development of the colonies
Jamestown
• Draw a line across your paper at the 8th line
• Read the document on the settlement of Jamestown
• Above the line, illustrate what’s going on in the colony according to the document
• Below the line, describe the colony of Jamestown in 10 sentences
• Choose 5 key words from the document to write around the image
Jamestown
Jamestown• 16 years after Roanoke before another attempt at
settlement
• 1606 the Virginia Company gets a charter from King James I
• Charter called for a joint-stock company• A company funded and run by investors, who
share the company’s profits and losses
Jamestown• 1607, Virginia Company sends colonists• About 100
• First settlers included many gentlemen (36)
• Also barber, tailor, carpenter, mason, and laborers
May 14, 1607:Settled 60 miles up the James River- Why?
How do they compare?
Native Village Fort at Jamestown
Hardship
• Jamestown nearly failed• Native attacks
• Not physically prepared for labor
• Weather, swamp, diseases
• Initially no firm leadership
• All this = famine and death
There is hope…
• Powhatan Confederacy trades with settlers
• More men and supplies arrive
• Captain John Smith developed into strong leader
Captain John Smith
• Captured by Natives, released as a friend
• “He who does not work, will not eat”
• Strengthened defenses
• 1609- Injured, returns home
Starving Time
• October 1609 to March 1610
• 70 survive
• Eat whatever they have• Horses, dogs, cats, mice, boots or
anything of leather
Jamestown Moving Forward
• Marriage of Pocahontas to John Rolfe eases relations with Natives
• Rolfe planted tobacco seeds from the Caribbean, sweeter and milder
• Tobacco makes Jamestown profitable
Tobacco• Demanded laborers
• Indentured servants- • Work for a master to pay for
their voyage, usually 7 years
• System of Headrights• Gave 50 acres to those who
paid for passage or bought stock
• Additional land for bringing family and servants
Self-Government
• 1618, begin electing own assembly for law making
• Virginia government includes:• Governor, 6 councilors, 2 Reps from
each of the 10 colonial towns• Assembly called House of Burgesses (bûr'jĭs)
Epic Fail
• Tobacco money not enough
• 1624-King declares VA Company bankrupt
• Converts to a royal colony
• First in the New World
The Separatists and Plymouth
Separatists v. Puritans
• Cut ties with Catholic Church
• Anglican Church created after Reformation
• Many feel Anglican is too similar to Catholic
• 1 group wants to separate; other wants to Purify from within
What’s the Difference
Separatists• Membership in a false
church dooms own soul
• Start a new one with our own beliefs
Puritans• Persecution is test from
God
• Want to remain with Church to purify from within
Separatists
• Leave England 1608
• Go to Netherlands
• Dutch people are open to all religions; doesn’t sit well with Separatists
Bigger Issue
• Truce between Spain and Holland expires in 1621
• If Spain takes back over, Separatists will be persecuted again
• Must leave in 1620
The Mayflower
• Look for purer place to settle in 1620
• Ship is 1/3 separatist, others just looking for fresh start
• Jamestown is up and running; looks nice
Where to settle?
• Land at Cape Cod
• North of Virginia Company borders
• Winter is approaching
• Settle in abandoned Womponoag village
Help from the Natives
• Squanto is intermediary
• Relationship allows pilgrims to trade with various natives
• Pilgrims taught to grow native crops
• Better friend to English than natives
Running the Colony
• William Bradford is governor
• People submit to laws based on MC
• Colony grows with supply ships
• Peacefully expand in the beginning
• Leads to friction later on
In your notes..CAUSE EFFECT
PERSECUTION OF PURITANS IN ENGLAND
PURITAN’S BELIEF IN HARD WORK
ROGER WILLIAMS DISSENTING BELIEFS
RAPID COLONIAL DEVELOPMENT
Massachusetts Bay Colony
• John Winthrop
• Massachusetts Bay Company (J-S)
• Transfers company to New England
• Authority to set up own govt.
Establishment
• 1630
• 17 ships in first year
• Capital of Boston
• Plymouth included in Colony
Running the Colony
• Church and government are close
• Officials have duty to carry out divine law
• Swearing, theft, drunkenness, idleness all illegal
“City Upon a Hill”
• Beliefs:
• Should be an example for society
• People were not capable of earning merit in God’s eyes
• Predestination-God already knows what will happen to your soul
• Live by divine law or you were not one of the elect
“City Upon a Hill”
• “Some must be rich, and some must be poor”
• Extend right to vote to all stockholders and church members
• “Freemen” voted for the General Court
• GC elected the governor
The Family
• Most who made voyage were families
• Take care of your family or community will
• Bad kid? No punishment? Kid goes to more “God-fearing” home
• Arguing with spouse and can’t settle it? Both of you to the stockades
Roger Williams
• Controversial minister
• “Forced religion stinks in the nostrils of God”
• Govt. should not punish settlers for religious beliefs
• English settlers don’t have divine right to land; must purchase from native
Roger Williams
• Banished
• Begins settlement at Providence
• Guaranteed religious tolerance
Worse than Williams.. A Woman!!
• Anne Hutchinson
• Worshipers didn’t need the church to interpret Bible for them
• Rhodes Island then New Amsterdam
• Gets massacred by natives
Thomas Hooker & Connecticut
• Leads group out of Mass. in 1630’s
• Needed land for cattle
• “Foundation of authority is laid in the consent of the governed”
• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
CAUSE EFFECT
PERSECUTION OF PURITANS IN ENGLAND
PURITAN’S BELIEF IN HARD WORK
ROGER WILLIAMS DISSENTING BELIEFS
RAPID COLONIAL DEVELOPMENT
CAUSE EFFECT
PERSECUTION OF PURITANS IN ENGLAND
PURITANS SETTLE IN THE NEW WORLD
PURITAN’S BELIEF IN HARD WORK
COLONY HAS SUCCESS AND QUICKLY EXPANDS
ROGER WILLIAMS DISSENTING BELIEFS
LEAVES AND ESTABLISHES COLONY OF RHODE ISLAND
RAPID COLONIAL DEVELOPMENT
INCREASED CONFLICT WITH THE NATIVES
Take out your terms and people
• Study on your own for 5 minutes
• Spend remainder of class period with a partner quizzing on your Terms and People for tomorrow!
• Quiz will give 16 options for 10 questions..
Who settled New York and what was the city
first named?
The Middle and Southern Colonies
Middle Colonies• Very diverse- Included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, and others
• Dutch West India Company wanted to develop trade in North America
• Traded goods ($24 worth) with the Natives for right to use Manhattan
What was New Netherlands like?• New Amsterdam- Present day
New York City
• Trade open to any country
• 18 languages spoken
• Religious tolerance strictly enforced
• First “New World” synagogue
So What Happened?
• English jealous of Dutch success and want to link colonies
• Dutch have no strong forts or army• English send in four ships with 400 men, King claimed land belonged to Duke of York- Who else!
• Dutch give up without a fight
Other Middle Colonies
• Hi.. I'm in.. Delaware....• Delaware- New Sweden, then taken by Dutch,
then captured by English, William Penn- gets rights to it to have a port for his Pennsylvania
• New Jersey- Divided into East and West, united in 1702
Pennsylvania• Proprietor- William Penn
• Saw colony as a “holy experiment”
• Land use agreements with Natives
• 50 years of peace with Natives
• Quaker ideals- equality, religious toleration, pacifism, right to vote (men)
Maryland• Catholics
persecuted in England
• Lord Baltimore-wants haven for Catholics
• Maryland Toleration Acts
• Protected anyone who believed in Jesus
Southern Colonies
• The Carolinas
• Divided in 1691
• Thrived on trade
• Furs
• Tobacco
Georgia• Led by James Oglethorpe
• Haven for the poor to start over
• Also created to protect from a Spanish Invasion out of Florida
• No slaves, no liquor, and peace with Natives. Short-lived
For the remainder of the period..• You will create an ad with the goal of populating your colony• Either a colony we’ve discussed or your colony for
your group (GA, SC, NC, VA, DE, MA, NJ, NY, CT, RI, MD, NH)
• Image should take up 2/3 of the page (should be colored) with bottom 1/3 describing what to expect in the colony
• These were not always truthful, however, they must be historically accurate (NO PROMISING IPHONE 6’S TO ALL TRAVELLERS)
Bellringer.. Grab yours on the way in and get started!
• What is this image and how does this image convey European ideas about settling in the New World?
Conflict with the Natives
Pope’s Rebellion/Pueblo Revolt
Pequot War of 1637
King Philip’s War of 1675
Pequot War of 1637• Smallpox devastates NE tribes• Pequot not hurt by plague, become
dominant tribe; ally w/ Dutch• Pilgrims and Puritans start out friendly w/ natives
• Mohegans and Narragansett ally w/ English; don’t like the Pequot
Pequot War of 1637
• 1634-Capt John stone killed• Eng demand those responsible
• 1636-English sailors attacked, killed
• Moh. and Nara. push for war w/ Pequot
• May 1637-Mystic River Massacre
Mystic River Massacre
• +500 Pequot live in MR• Bigger than expected
• Set fire to both sides of village
• English shoots those trying to escape
Continuing Fighting
• Go from village to village
• Survivors sold into slavery
• Surrounding tribes submit to English
King Philip’s War
• Metacom begins selling land to buy guns
• Father was first to sign treaty with Pilgrims
• Takes Christian name of Philip
• One more chance to unite and push Eng into sea
King Philip’s War
• 1675-76
• Narragansett ally w/ King Philip
• John Sassamon accused of murder; catalyst for war
• Benjamin Church America’s first action hero
End of King Philip
• BC and men kill Philip while he’s in hiding
• Drawn and quartered
• Head put on display ~30 years
• Ends native resistance in NE
Spanish in America
• Stories of golden cities lead Spanish north
• God, gold, glory
• Conquistadors in search of gold
• Friars travel with conquistadors to ensure peace with natives
Spanish Response
• Pueblo city in 1599
• Spanish take hostages to extort food
• Natives kill 1, take 12 hostage
• Spanish attack killing 800/1300
Spanish Response
• Men 25+ have one foot cut off and sentenced to 20 years of servitude
• Men 12-25 and women 25+ sentenced to 20 years servitude
• Economic exploitation and religious/cultural domination take turns dictating Spanish control
Buildup to Rebellion
• Pueblos continue practicing own religion
• Accused of bewitching a friar
• Governor arrests 47, kills 4
• Pueblo take Trevino hostage to secure freedom
The Rebellion
• Pope is one of the survivors
• Plans a widespread revolt; August 12
• Organizers all Pueblos in revolt
• Able to drive Spanish out of Santa Fe
Closing thoughts..
• What precedent has been set by the conflicts we looked at today?
• If the natives try to resist expansion, the we will fight and kill to get our way