Post on 10-Sep-2014
description
Governance assessment for the Deforestation and fire in the Amazon rainforest
Matilda Lenell, Kate Williman, Fernando Remolina
Amazon rainforest
RAISG Amazonian Network of Georeferenced Socio-Environmental Information. (2012). Amazonia Under Pressure.
TOTAL AMAZON12 macrobasins33 million people385 indigenous groups8 countries1 colony1497 municipalities68 provinces/states/departments610 Protected areas2344 Indigenous Territories
Why Brazil? Majority of Amazon
RAISG Amazonian Network of Georeferenced Socio-Environmental Information. (2012). Amazonia Under Pressure.
Why Brazil? Majority of Deforestation
Country % 2010
Bolivia 3,2
Brazil 6,2
Colombia 2,8
Ecuador 2,4
French Guiana 0,2
Guiana 1,4
Peru 6,2
Suriname 0,5
Venezuela 2,2
University of Maryland global forest change http://earthenginepartners.appspot.com/science-2013-global-forest
Percentage lost between 2000 and 2010
After a decade of reducing deforestation rates, Brazil reported a 28% increase in 2013, compared with 2012
Reuters - http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/14/us-brazil-amazon-idUSBRE9AD1BM20131114
Why Brazil? Driest, most prone to drought and fires
BrazilPeru
Colombia
Venezuela
Bolivia
Guya
na
Guya
ne
Surin
ame
Fires in the Amazon rainforest
Balch, J. K. (2014). Nature, 506, 41.
Range is local to global… and many interactions are reinforcing.
Adapted from Davidson et al (2012). The Amazon basin in transition. Nature, 481(7381)
Roads + deforestation pattern
Main institutions regulating the Amazon rainforest
Global/International/Transnational Level: • United Nations Environmental Programme
(UNEP)• The Amazon Region Protected Areas (ARPA)
program National/Local Level:• Conservation Units and Recognition of
Indigenous Land • Brazil Forest Code
Relevant actors at multiple levels
Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (SCBD)
United Nation Environment Programme (UNEP)
University of Maryland
Amazonian Network of Georreferenced of Social
Environmental Information (RAISG)
National Ministeries of the
Environment
Greenpeace, WWF, TNC, Rainforest Foundation, etc
National Research Centres of Amazonian Studies
(IPAM, IIPA, SINCHI,CEDAMAZ)
Municipalities, states / departments /
provinces, Protected Areas, Indigenous
Territories
Association of the Indigenous Land of
Xingu -ATIX-. Puerto Rastrojo
Farmers, timber companies, settlers, indigenous groups
National Foundation of the
Indian (Brazil)
GovernmentResearch
organisationsNGOs
Inter/Trans-national
Amazon region
National
Local
Problem of fitMismatches between the scale of the system, and the scale of the institutions that govern it
Threshold/cascading mismatch: • Deforested area = regime shift non-
rainforest• Flip from a sink to a source
Institutions
Conflict of objectives•Development (Brazilian national policy, Ministry for Agriculture) vs conservation (from international institutions, Ministry for Environment)• Integrated ecosystem spatial planningvsLocal focus (indigenous or conservation)Efficacy of protective institutions•Depends on type of protected area•Resources for implementation
Missing parts
• Possible perception of national sovereignty loss due to the “intervention” of countries that are not part of the Amazon rainforest.
• Consideration of other countries would be more complex as the causes of deforestation and fires vary according to the country – oil and gas, mining as well as agriculture.