Post on 27-Dec-2015
All Things are Not Equal: Institutional Racial Disproportionality
& Disparity Across Systems
Joyce James, LCSW-APAssociate Deputy Executive Commissioner
Center for Elimination of Disproportionality and Disparities Texas State Office of Minority Health
©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved 1
©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved
Mission of the Center for Elimination ofDisproportionality and Disparities
The mission of the Center is to partner with health and human services agencies, external stakeholders, as well as other systems and communities to identify and eliminate disproportionality and disparities affecting children, families and vulnerable populations.
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Term Definition Most commonly used in:
Disproportionality The fact that some racial or ethnic groups of families and children are represented in various child welfare services populations at levels that are disproportionate to their numbers in the overall family or child population.A
Child welfare
Health Disparity Differences in health outcomes and their determinants between segments of the population, as defined by social, demographic, environmental, and geographic attributes.B
Health and mental health
Disproportionate minority contact (DMC)
The disproportionate number of minority youth that come into contact with the juvenile justice system.C
Juvenile justice
Achievement gap The difference in the performance between each Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) subgroup (Overall, Asian, Black, Hispanic, White, Free or Reduced Price Meals, Limited English Proficient Students, and Special Education Students) within a participating Local Education Authority (LEA) or school and the statewide average performance of the LEA's or State's highest achieving subgroups in reading/language arts and mathematics as measured by the assessments required under the ESEA.D
Education
Many terms are used to describe racial inequity in outcomes across systems
*Note: Practitioners within a discipline often disagree about precise term definitions. These examples are drawn from reputable organizations and are intended to illustrate the general degree of similarity across systems.Sources: A - Courtney, M., and Skyles, A. (2003). Racial disproportionality in the child welfare system. Children and Youth Services Review, 25, 5, 355-358 B - Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). CDC Health Disparities and Inequalities Report. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Supplement Vol 60. C - U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs (2012). "About DMC." Retrieved 11/25/2012, from http://www.ojjdp.gov/dmc/about.html D - U.S. Department of Education (2012). "Definitions." Retrieved 11/25/2012, from http://www.ed.gov/race-top/district-competition/definitions. 3
©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved. 1
Term: Disproportionality
Definition*: The fact that some racial or ethnic groups of families and children are represented in various child welfare services populations at levels that are disproportionate to their numbers in the overall family or child population.
Most Commonly Used: Child welfare
*Note: Practitioners within a discipline often disagree about precise term definitions. These examples are drawn from reputable organizations and are intended to illustrate the general degree of similarity across systems.
Source: Courtney, M., and Skyles, A. (2003). Racial disproportionality in the child welfare system. Children and Youth Services Review, 25, 5, 355-358
Terms
©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved 4
Terms (continued)
Term: Health Disparity
Definition: Differences in health outcomes and their determinants between segments of the population, as defined by social, demographic, environmental, and geographic attributes.
Most Commonly Used: Health and mental health
Source: Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). CDC Health Disparities and Ineqalities Report. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Supplement Vol 60.
©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved 5
Terms (continued)
Term: Disproportionate minority contact (DMC)
Definition: The disproportionate number of minority youth that come into contact with the juvenile justice system.
Most Commonly Used: Juvenile justice
Source: U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs (2012). "About DMC." Retrieved 11/25/2012, from http://www.ojjdp.gov/dmc/about.html
©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved 6
Terms (continued)
Term: Achievement gapDefinition: The difference in the performance between each Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) subgroup (Overall, Asian, Black, Hispanic, White, Free or Reduced Price Meals, Limited English Proficient Students, and Special Education Students) within a participating Local Education Authority (LEA) or school and the statewide average performance of the LEA's or State's highest achieving subgroups in reading/language arts and mathematics as measured by the assessments required under the ESEA.Most Commonly Used: Education
Source: U.S. Department of Education (2012). "Definitions." Retrieved 11/25/2012, from http://www.ed.gov/race-top/district-competition/definitions.
©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved. 7
Current (2007-2009) outcomes in Texas:African Americans > 2x as likely to have poor outcomes in every system
Relative rate index for measures across child welfare, health, education, juvenile justice, and criminal justice
Tim
es m
ore
/ les
s lik
ely
than
whi
tes
Outcome
Source: The Interagency Council for Addressing Disproportionality (2011) Texas Health and Human Services Cross System Data. Texas Health and Human Services Commission, Center for the Elimination of Disproportionality and Disparities Texas State Office of Minority Health.
African-American
CPS removals
2009 children in
foster care
2007 diabetes
death-rate
Pre-term
births
2009 referrals t
o
probation
2009 commitments
to juvenile services
School expulsions
“Serious o
r persistent
behavior” expulsions
Hispanic
Anglo
Prison / S
tate
Jail Population
Death Row
CPS HealthEducation Juvenile Justice Criminal Justice
©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved.
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The Texas ModelData-driven Strategies
Collect, research, analyze, and proactively share data on system outcomes by race and ethnicity
Leadership DevelopmentGrow both systems and community leaders that are courageous and grounded in C.E.D.D. approach
Culturally Competent WorkforceDevelop workforce that reviews and examines its work through an anti-racist and humanistic lens
Community EngagementRecognize strengths of grass roots community, hear its ideas, and include it throughout process
Cross Systems CollaborationShare data, training, and dialogue with systems, institutions, and agencies that serve same populations
Training Defined by Anti-Racist Principles1
Train staff and partners in principles that ensure we work at cultural and institutional levels
An Understanding of the History of Institutional Racism and the Impact on Poor Communities and Communities of ColorDevelop common analysis of racism and history that led to current outcomes
©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved.
91. For example of Anti-racist principles see “The People’s Institute for Survival and Beyond”
http://www.pisab.org/our-principles
• Data-driven StrategiesCollect, research, analyze, and proactively share data on systems outcomes by
race and ethnicity
• Leadership DevelopmentGrow both systems and community leaders that are courageous and grounded
in C.E.D.D. approach
• Culturally Competent WorkforceDevelop workforce that reviews and examines it’s work through an anti-racist
and humanistic lens
©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved
Texas Model
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Texas Model (continued)
• Community EngagementRecognize strengths of grass roots community, hear its ideas, and include it
throughout process
• Cross Systems CollaborationShare data, training, and dialogue with systems, institutions, and agencies that
serve same populations
• Training Defined by Anti-Racist Principles1
Train staff and partners in principles that ensure we work at cultural and institutional levels
©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved 11
1. For example of Anti-racist principles see “The People’s Institute for Survival and Beyond” http://www.pisab.org/our-principles
• An Understanding of the History of Institutional Racism and the Impact on Poor Communities and Communities of Color
Develop common analysis of racism and history that led to current outcomes
©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved
Texas Model (continued)
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The Texas Model led to a statewide decrease in removal rates between 2005 and 2010
African-American
Hispanic
Anglo
Disparity (= African American Rate – Anglo Rate)
Source: The Interagency Council for Addressing Disproportionality (2011) Comparison of Stages Data. Texas Health and Human Services Commission, Center for the Elimination of Disproportionality and Disparities Texas State Office of Minority Health.
Rate
of r
emov
al(R
emov
als
/ Alle
gatio
ns)
Year
Rate of removal by racial group
©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved.
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The decrease was most pronounced in counties where the Texas Model is most developed
African American removal rates pre- and post intervention
Anglo removal rates pre- and post intervention
2005
2005
2005
Pre-
2005
2008
2008
2008
2008
.6% .1%
1.2% .6%
Focus counties (Harris, Tarrant, Dallas, Travis, Jefferson) began community engagement in 2005, 2 years before the rest of the state
Source: Baumann, D. J., Fluke, J. Graham, J. C., Wittenstrom, K., Hedderson, J., Riveau, S., Detlaff, A., Rycraft, J., Ortiz, M. J., James, J. Kromrei, L., Craig, S., Capouch, Sheets, J., Ward, D., Breidenbach, R., Hardaway, A., Boudreau, B., and Brown, N. (2010).Disproportionality in Child Protective Services: The Preliminary Results of Statewide Reform Efforts. Provided to the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services. March.
©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved
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Potential Next Steps
• Find an anti-racist training or workshop in your area
Sandy Bernabei, LCSW sandy.bernabei@gmail.com
for help finding resources
©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved 15
• More information about the Center and additional resources (readings, videos, organizations), visit:
The Center website http://www.hhsc.state.tx.us/hhsc_projects/cedd/about/index.shtml
Potential Next Steps
©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved 16
Q & A Conversation
Joyce James, LCSW-APjjameslmsw@aol.com
THANK YOU
The post-test will be available on the NASW Lunchtime webpage www.socialworkers.org/lunchtime
©2013 National Association of Social Workers. All Rights Reserved 17