Ali can’t play basketball because he is short.Ali can’t play basketball, for he is short.

Ali can’t play basketball since he is short.Ali can’t play basketball as he is short.

Ali can’t play basketball because of his height.

The plane couldn’t land because the weather was bad.The plane couldn’t land, for the weather was bad.

The plane couldn’t land since the weather was bad.The plane couldn’t land as the weather was bad.

The plane couldn’t land because of the bad weather.

Keep the door closed: kapıyı kapalı tutKeep your room tidy: odanı düzenli tut

Keep small objects out of reachKüçük nesneleri ulaşılamayacak bir yerde tut

Keep your room tidy.DON’T keep your room untidy.

Keep your feet hot.DON’T keep your feet cold.

You must keep your room tidy.Odanı düzenli tutmalısın.

You must keep your feet hot.Ayaklarını sıcak tutmalısın.

You mustn’t smoke.You mustn’t feed animals in the zoo.

You mustn’t tell lies.You mustn’t drive without a licence.

MayMightCouldshould

Verb1 P R E S E N TN o w

May haveMight haveCould haveShould have

Verb3 P A S T YESTERDAY

Ali got a low mark.

He might NOT have studied his lesson.He may NOT have studied his lesson.He could NOT have studied his lesson.

The student was crying.

He might have injured himself.

Past tense / GEÇMİŞ ZAMAN

Past tense/GEÇMİŞ ZAMAN

They didn’t eat the meat. It was too salty.

She should have put LESS SALT on it.

Türkan has not felt herself well for an hour.

She may eat something poisonous.Zehirli bir şey yiyebilir.

She should have eaten something poisonous.Zehirli bir şey yemeliydi. (ama yemedi)

She will have eaten something poisonous.Zehirli bir şey yemiş olacak.

She might have eaten something poisonous.Zehirli bir şey yemiş olabilir.

WorkDon’t workNEVER work

LearnDon’t learnNever learn

Drive fastDon’t drive fastNever drive fast

SleepDon’t sleepNever sleep

SmokeDon’t smokeNever smoke

Be rudeDon’t be rudeNever be rude

AsWhileJust as

- İken PAST CONTINUOUS

As they were leaving,While they were leaving,Just as they were leaving,

WHEN they left,

WHEN + SIMPLE PAST

U S E D TO + V1

He used to run

He DID not USE to run.

DID he USE to run?

Koşardı.

Koşmazdı.

Koşar mıydı?

Have somebody do somethingBirisinden bir şey yapmasını RİCA etmek

Make somebody do somethingBirisine ZORLA bir şey yaptırmak

Do: yapmak

Force: zorlamak

As: çünkü

So: bu yüzden

Therefore: bu yüzden

Just as: -iken, (while)

Can do: yapabilirCan BE done: yapıLabilir

Can love: sevebilirCan BE loved: seviLebilir

Can wash: yıkayabilirCan BE washed: yıkaNabilir

Can solve: çözebilirCan BE solved: çözÜLebilir

Eski alışkanlıklarımızıEski alışkanlıklarımızı anlatmak için USED TO V1USED TO V1 yapısını

kullanırız.

He used to drink milk.

I used to live in Karabük.

We used to eat junk food.

They used to use typewriters.

get somebody to do something “ikna”Make somebody do something “zorla”

Get your child to sleepMake your child sleep

Çocuğunu uyut “ikna ederek”Çocuğunu uyut “zorla”

How often: Hangi sıklıkta, ne kadar sık

Always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never

Once, twice, three timeSS, four timeSS

Once a day

Twice a week

Three times a month

Three hours a night

How often do you go to the cinema? (always)I

always go

to the cinema.I always go to the cinema.

How often do you go to the cinema? (once a week)

I go

to the cinema once a week.

I go to the cinema once a week.

The body needS to rest.

We need to understand each other

We need to drink enough water.

Was surfinging

At this time yesterdaySörf yapıYORYORdudu

Had been surfing

now

now

P a s t

is surfing

PAST CONTINUOUS

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

now

now

Has surfeded

P a s t

Has been surfinging

Action FINISHED

Action CONTINUINGor finished

PRESENT PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

carry out (v): uygula, yap

Can carry: uygulayabilir, yapabilirCan BE carried: uygulaNabilir, yapILabilir

Will carry out: uygulayacak, yapacakWill be CARRied OUT: uygulaNacak, yapILacak

Must carry out: uygulamak zorunda, yapmak zorunda

Must BE carrIED out: uygulaNmak zorunda yapILmak zorunda

Scientists………………………………… (work) for ages.

I ……………………………………. (teach) English for 19 years.

She …………………………(prepared) the meal. It smells delicious.

We …………………………….. (read) two books recently.

Ali ………………………….. (eat) ten apples so far.

have been working

have been teaching

has prepared

have read

has eaten

12345

For the past five years

for

Can do: yapabilir

Must do: yapmak zorunda

Must have done: (kesinlikle) yapmış olmalı

Could have done: (zayıf olasılık) yapmış olabilir

Therefore THUS

sobu yüzden, bu sebeple

He didn’t study. Therefore, he failed.He didn’t study, so he failed.He didn’t study; THUS he failed.

There is no electricity. Therefore we can’t watch tv.

There is no electricity, so we can’t watch tv.

There is no electricity; THUS we can’t watch tv.

Since he is fat, he can’t run fast.

As he is fat, he can’t run fast.

He can’t run fast because he is fat.

He can’t run fast, for he is fat.

SinceAsBecausefor

sentence