ALGAESimilarities and difference to higher plants

Similarities• Presence of cell wall—mostly

cellulosic.• Autotrophs/Primary producers—

carry out photosynthesis• Presence of chlorophyll a

Differences• Algae lack the roots, stems, leaves, and other

structures typical of true plants. • Algae do not have vascular tissues—non

vascular plants• Algae do not form embryos within protective

coverings—all cells are fertile.• Variations in pigments.• Variations in cell structure—unicellular,

colonial and multicellular forms.

Supergroup ExcavataKingdom Euglenozoa (euglena)

Supergroup “SAR” Clade

Kingdom StramenopilaPhylum Chrysophyta (golden algae)

Phylum Phaeophyta (brown algae)

Phylum Heterokontophyta/Bacillariophyta (diatoms)

Kingdom AlveolataPhylum Dinoflagellata (dinoflagellates)

Kingdom Rhizaria (rhizarians)Phylum Radiolaria

Phylum Foraminifera

Supergroup ArcheoplastidaKingdom Rhodophyta (red algae)

Viridiplantae

Kingdom Chlorophyta (green algae)

Kingdom Charophytes

Kingdom Plantae (embryophytes)

Mostly Algaes

Excavata

SAR: Stramenopila

SAR: Rhizaria

Archaeoplastida

Unikonta

Supergroups

Red and green algae

Slime molds

Forams and radiolarians

diatoms, golden and brown algae

Euglenoids

dinoflagellatesSAR: Alveolata

• Diatoms• Peridinium• Ceratium• Spirogyra • Chlamydomonas• Volvox

Algal Slides to examine

Excavata Euglenoids

Thecate- with shellAthecate- naked

2 kinds: centric (circular) and penate (oblong)

Frustule (silica shell)

centric pennate

Phylum Bacillariophyta: Diatoms

SAR: Stramenopila

SAR: Stramenopila Diatoms

epithecate

hypothecate

Diatom Reproduction- asexual

auxospore Discards shell and grows new one

SAR: Stramenopila

Dividing frustule

Asexual reproduction

Sexual reproduction

Diatoms

Sargassum polyphyllum Sargassum echinocarpum

Phaeophyta: Brown Algae

Turbinaria ornata

Padina japonica Hydroclathrus clathratus

SAR: Stramenopila

SAR: Stramenopila

Kelp

• Single-celled eukaryote• Animal/plant type organism with 2 flagella• Bioluminescence• Zooxanthellae: Symbiodinium

Ceratium

Phylum Pyrrophyta: dinoflagellate

SAR: Alveolata

SpirogyraArchaeoplastida

Chlamydomonas Archaeoplastida

VolvoxArchaeoplastida

Chlorophyta: Green Algae

Caulerpa racemosa

Caulerpa sertularioides

Dictyosphaeria cavernosa

Codium eduleHalimeda opuntia

Archaeoplastida

Hypnea chordaceaAsparagopsis taxiformis

Galaxaura fastigiata

Acanthophora spiciferaAhnfeltia concinna

Rhodophyta: Red AlgaeArchaeoplastida

Thickener and help smooth:

• Many foods and milk-products

• Toothpaste

• Beauty creams

• Paints

• Medical products- like bacterial culture plates, time-release pills, and dental impression gels

Halimeda opuntia

Acanthophora

Avrainvillae

Eucheuma

Gracilaria Hypnea

Kappaphycus

Super Sucker