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Ancient Greece

The Aegean

• Milder climates than Egypt or Mesopotamia• Mountainous• Islands• Independent City-States (Polis)

Minoans

• c. 2600 BCE – 1400 BCE

Linear A –Minoan Writing

• Linear B

Frescoes• Egyptian = Fresco Secco (dry fresco)

• Minoan = True (wet) Fresco

Knossos

Bull Jumping

Toreador Fresco

• Thera Eruption

• 1600 BCE

Mycenaean

Civilization

• Mainland City-States

Heinrich Schliemann

Bronze Age Regional Collapse

c. 1200-1100 BCE

Mycenae

• Excavations began in 1870s

• Estimated Population of

30,000

• Decline

• Attacks from the north

• Climate Change

• Disruption of trade

• Inhabitants likely moved

from the Greek mainland to

Anatolia (Turkey)

Death Masks

Agamemnon?

“Mask of Agamemnon”

• Funerary mask from Grave

Circle A

• Mycenae, Greece

• c. 1500 BCE

Cyclopean Masonry

Corbeling

Corbel Arch

• Mycenae, Greece

• C. 1250 BCE

True Arch

• Ruins of Arch of

Septimius Severus,

Turkey

• Early 200s CE

Greek Dark Ages

• Characteristics of a “Dark Age”?

• Internal and external isolation

• Phoenician influence and reopening

of trade?

The Phoenicians

• Best known for…?

The Phoenicians

• Best known for…?

• Why trade?

The Phoenicians

• Best known for…?

• Why trade?

• Developed a new alphabet

Greek Archaic Period

• New ideas from the east

• New artistic styles

• Writing system

• Population increase

• Urban centers

• Increased specialization of labor

The Progression of

Sculpture

The Greek Polis

• City-state

• Characteristics?

The Greek Polis

• City-state

• Characteristics?

• Probable Impact?

The Geography of Greece

• Trading and Geography forced the Greeks to establish colonies.

The Geography of Greece

What was the probable impact of this?

What ties these Greeks

(Hellenes) Together?

• Common Characteristics?

Political and Economic

Developments

• Governments common

to ancient Greece

• Oligarchy

• Tyranny

• Democracy

• Monarchy

What are these?

Political and Economic

Developments

• Money System

Develops

• Emerging Middle

Class

Impact on trade?

Persia vs Greece

Persia vs Greece

Results of the War

• Athens is the most powerful Polis

• Delian League, alliance of Greek

city-states is established, lead by

Athens

• Relations between Sparta and

Athens are strained

The Greek City-States

• The Golden Age of Athenian Culture

• Athens replaced war-damaged buildings

with Delian money and created elegant

structures

• Anavysos Kouros.

• Archaic Greek.

• c. 530 BCE

• Marble

• Warrior from Riace

• Early Classical

• c. 460-450 BCE

• Bronze

• New York Kouros

• Archaic Greek

• C. 590 BCE

• Marble

Golden Age of Athens

• Pericles, Athenian Leader

during this period

• Reforms of Pericles [c. 495-429

B.C.E.]

• Government officials are paid for

their service

• Athens begins numerous building

projects

The Greek City State

• Common Features

• Acropolis

• Agora

Ruins of the Parthenon

c. 450 BCE

A Reconstruction in

Nashville

• The Parthenon (c. 450 BCE)

• Panathenaic frieze

Pantheon Frieze: • Procession to honor

Athena• 520 feet • First depiction of humans

in a Greek temple• Cultural Change?• Greek views of

themselves?

• The Parthenon (c. 450 BCE)

• Panathenaic frieze

Pantheon Frieze: • Procession to honor

Athena• 520 feet • First depiction of humans

in a Greek temple• Cultural Change?• Greek views of

themselves?

• The Parthenon (c. 450 BCE)

• Panathenaic frieze

• Pediments

West Pediment Reconstruction

• The Parthenon (c. 450 BCE)

• Panathenaic frieze

• Pediments

”East Pediment Reconstruction

• The Parthenon (c. 450 BCE)

• Panathenaic frieze

• Pediments

Acropolis of Corinth

Rhodes

Lindos

Sparta

Reading Assignment

• Read pgs 86-98 (Stop @ Han China)

• Quiz on 1/25

• Be ready to work on religions assignment

tomorrow

The Peloponnesian War

• 431 B.C. Athens and

Sparta go to war

• Population around

Athens retreats within

the city walls, a plague

breaks out

• War continues until

404 B.C. when Athens

is defeated

Results of the War

• Athens and Sparta are weakened

• Power struggles within Greece

The Hellenistic Age

Philip of Macedonia (r.

359-336)• Gains control of

Greece – wants the

Persian Empire

Philip of Macedonia

• Gains control of

Greece – wants the

Persian Empire

• Assassinated, son

Alexander takes

control (20 years old)

Alexander

• 334 B.C. Invades Persia

(Emperor Darius III)

Alexander

• 334 B.C. Invades Persia

(Emperor Darius III)

• Defeats Persians in a

series of battles, Darius

assassinated

Alexander

• 334 B.C. Invades Persia

(Emperor Darius III)

• Defeats Persians in a

series of battles, Darius

assassinated

• Invades India (326

B.C.) – Army begins to

fall apart

Alexander’s Methods

of Rule

• Benevolent Despotism

• Adopted local customs/dress

• Allowed worship of religions

• Established Greek colonies

Alexander

• Returns to Babylon

(Persia) where he

suddenly dies

• Leaves his empire to

“the strongest” general

Legacy

• Spread Greek language, culture, and people across

Asia Minor

• Built roads and cities such as Alexandria, Egypt

• Hellenistic Civilization – blend of Greek, Egyptian,

and Asian cultures

Tonight

• Read pgs 145-156

• Quiz Friday!!!!!

• Capitoline Wolf

• Capitoline Wolf

• c. 500-480 BCE

• Capitoline Wolf

• c. 500-480 BCE

• Bronze

These two were

added in the 1400s

The Etruscans

Trade and Geography forced the

Greeks to establish colonies.

Cultural Impact?

Early People of Italy

– The Etruscans-

• Independent city-states

• Cities organized in a grid

pattern

• What does this tell you

about the civilization’s

values?

Early People of Italy

– The Etruscans-

• Established independent city-states

• Farmers

• Strong Military

• Heavily influenced by the Greeks

• Significant influence on Roman culture• The Kingdom of Rome

was taken over by the Etruscans – corruption led to their overthrow

What we lack…

• An understanding of their text

• Allegedly the last person to

understand Etruscan was the

Roman Emperor Claudius

What we lack…

• And we lack primary

documents written by others

Role of Family

• Importance of familial

lines

• Family burials

• Sarcophagus of the Spouses.

• Etruscan. c. 520 B.C.E.

• Terra cotta.

Role of Women Compared

To Greece?

Role of Women

• More substantial public

role than in Greece

• Greater emphasis on the

family

The Arts

• Looks like Greek…but it is

Etruscan!

They Liked Greek Myths,

Too• “Hercules Slaying the

Hydra”

Avoid

Avoid

Avoid