Post on 29-Jun-2020
1 October 2019 |
AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PRIORITIES & INITIATIVES:
Dr Joy Leaner & Air Quality Officials of the Western Cape
Stellenbosch
Overview of the Western Cape
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
WESTERN CAPE GOVERNMENT PRIORITIES
Overview of AQM - 2015
Our priorities include
• Enabling a growing economy and creating jobs;
• Empowering people;
• Better public transport, mobility and spatial transformation
• Establishing safer and more cohesive communities; and
• Driving innovation, resilience and culture.
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
SYSTEMS APPROACH TO AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Overview of AQM - 2015
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
The Western Cape Government DEA&DP,
implements and provides an oversight role wrt air quality management
in the Province.
Western Cape:
1st Gen AQMP 20102nd Gen AQMP 2016
3rd Gen AQMP 2021…planning
Western Cape - Air Quality Management Plan
Vision:“Clean and healthy air for all in the
Western Cape”
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
AQMP Working Groups – Highlights
Sally Benson (A Kaffir)
Sally Benson (S Mtila)
Peter Harmse (J Schoeman)
AQMP Status AQOapproved 30
31/31drafts 1total 31
CoCT7 initiatives with “Sniffels” cat mascot (700 learners)
CWDMInteractive theatre “Doele&Daisies”: 60 schools (16 275 learners)
GRDM
Clean Fires Campaign|D: EducGrade 3: 35 schools (1 225 learners) in Oudtshoorn & Kannaland
IGTTsOudtshoorn, Saldanha Bay, St Helena Bay
AQWG CoCT, GRDM, CWDM,WCDM
Vehicle Emission
Testing (2018)
CCT (8 494 tested)GRDM (164 tested)
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLANNING
6SMART-air Strategy
Designation of Air
Quality Officers
(31/31)
Air Quality
Management Plans
(30/31)
AQM Bylaws
(13/30) – concern:
challenges
developing and
adopting bylaws on
air quality
management
0 2 4 6 8 10
DEA&DP
City of Cape Town
Overberg DM
Cape Winelands DM
West Coast DM
Central Karoo DM
Eden DM
AQM Bylaws AQO AQMP Required No.
Status in the Province: Air Quality Governance
100%
97%
43%
[Bylaw N/A]*
2nd Gen [2016]
3rd Gen[2019]
2nd Gen [2019]
2nd Gen [2018]
2nd Gen [in prog]
Garden Route DM
1
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
AIR QUALITY OFFICERS’ FORUM
7WCG-PPT Slide Gallery-01112012.pptx
YEAR LOCATION
2010 George, Beaufort West, Woodstock
2011 George; Witsand; Sea Point
2012 Langebaan; Knysna; Robertson
2013 Arniston; Matjiesfontein; Klapmuts
2014 Citrusdal; Cape Town; Calitzdorp; Cape Town
2015 Caledon; Beaufort West; Paarl; Driftsands
2016 Driftsands; Mossel Bay; Tygerberg
2017 Langebaan, Driftsands, Mossel Bay, Tygerberg
2018 Langebaan; Driftsands; George; McGregor;
Oudtshoorn
*
1
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
WC AIR QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK
Hermanus
Hout Bay
Paarl
Mossel Bay / Dana Bay
• 12 x monitoring stations; continuous reporting (see map)
• 1 x portable monitor (Shelley Point due to air pollution complaints)
• 2 x cameras (GAW Station Cape Point; Saldanha Bay)
1
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
from 01Jan2015
Daily Mean PM10 NAAQS
of 75 µg/m³ exceeded on
six occasions during 2018:
• George (1): Oct 2018
due to strong winds
and veld fires
• Vissershok (5): March 18
due to windblown dust
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
Daily max 8-hourly
mean O3 NAAQS
standard of 120 µg/m3
exceeded 19 times
during 2018:
• Khayelitsha:
175 µg/m3 in Aug
2018. likely due to
high ambient
temperatures, open
fires and emissions
from vehicles.
• Malmesbury:
a seasonal cycle,
approaching the
NAAQS standard
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
CITY OF CAPE TOWN AQM NETWORK
• 14 x monitoring stations
• First commissioned
station at Molteno in
1992 – current
1
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
Daily Mean PM10 NAAQS
of 75 µg/m³ exceeded
16 times during 2018:
• Foreshore (4): 83 µg/m³
(max average)
• Wallacedene (12): 143 µg/m³
(max average)
CITY OF CAPE TOWN AQM NETWORK1
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
Daily max 8-hourly mean O3
NAAQS standard of 120 µg/m3
exceeded in 2018:
• Plattekloof (3): 131 µg/m3
(max average)
• Atlantis (2): 128 µg/m3
(max average)
CITY OF CAPE TOWN1
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
WEST COAST DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY
• Velddrif in June 2017
• Measures H2S due to complaints of odour (fish processing)
1
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
GARDEN ROUTE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY1
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
CENTRAL KAROO DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY
• Potassium detected.
• Molybdenum, Thorium
and Uranium levels
below the detection
limit
• Thorium was detected
during first sample
however not in the
second sample at
Hillside Clinic
• PM-10 levels SA-AAQS
of 75μg/m3 as a daily
average.
1
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
SALDANHA BAY LOCAL MUNICIPALITY
• 2 x monitoring stations:
SO2, O3, NOx, NO2, PM10
and PM2.5 were all
generally below the
NAAQS during 2018
• 7 x dust buckets:
all below the dust
thresholds
1
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
SMART-air PROGRAMME
18SMART-air Strategy
1. SMART-air Emission Abatement and Mitigation Technologies
Recognises the role that industry plays in reducing air pollutant and
greenhouse gas emissions through the emission abatement and
mitigation technologies they use.
2. SMART-air Mentorship and Artisanal Training
Engage with industry, tertiary education institutions, etc. to train youth,
government officials and unemployed.
3. SMART-air 2Precious2Pollute Recognition
Awards Ceremony
3. SMART-air Emissions Inventory
Air pollutant and greenhouse gas Emissions Inventory.
5. SMART-air Awareness Raising
2
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY 20192
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
MUNICIPAL INITIATIVES2
George Agricultural Show (GRDM)• GRDM Air Quality Management
• Monitoring equipment
• Distributed air quality educational pamphlets
Knysna and Plettenberg Bay (GRDM)• Lesson plans aligned with National Curriculum (CAPS)
• Resources on air pollution: Life Skills for Grade 3
learners (A3 posters, games and content for
interactive whiteboard use)
• Grade 3 teachers trained
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
SUMMARY: PAEL/AEL as at 31 DEC 20183
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
CAPACITY BUILDING3
Noise Control Forum & Training• Noise Control Task Team:
M van As, S Maree, P Harmse
• In-house capacity building
• Platform to share
understanding of how to
handle noise matters
NAEIS Training• NAEIS workshops at Mossel Bay office, working
separately with the different industry sectors.
• GRDM Air Quality unit presented and assisted the
industries to submit their NAEIS reports.
• DEA&DP / DEA presented to industry
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
DRONE TECHNOLOGY3
Noise Control Forum & Training• 3 PILOTS TRAINED AND LICENSED• PORTABLE AIR SAMPLING UNIT (FLYING LABORATORY)• DRONE TECHNOLOGY EXPLORED
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
SPECIAL INITIATIVES IN THE SMART-air PROGRAMME
24Go to Insert > Header & Footer > Enter presentation name into footer field
BAVARIA AND WCG MOA – ACTION PLAN
The Western Cape Government and the Free State of Bavaria has signed an Action Plan (2016-2018) in July 2016 stating cooperation on many topics such as business education, science and research, local government promotion and cooperation, climate change, environment, urban development and youth exchange among others.
The points of cooperation are specified as
follows:
a. Exchange of RAC-Experts
b. Establishing training concepts for the
use of natural refrigerants
c. Highlighting climate friendly solutions
for agricultural processes and buildings
d. Enhancing regulations in the RAC-
sector
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
South Africa: Montreal Protocol & GHGs
25
2014Regulations
regarding the
Phasing-out and
Management of
Ozone-Depleting
Substances,
Regulation 351
08May2014
1987Montreal
Protocol on
Substances
that Deplete the
Ozone Layer
16Sep1987
2016 HFC Phase-
down under the
Kigali
Amendment to
the Montreal
Protocol
01Jan2019
1997Listed under
the Kyoto
Protocol
2019 South Africa
ratified the Kigali
Amendment
01Aug2019
International
South Africa
Phase-out Schedule: HCFCs +
Equipment charged with HCFC22,
full phase out by 2040.
2017National GHG
Reporting
Regulations
G.N.40762
03Apr2017
2019 Carbon Tax Act
No.15 of 2019
Jun2019
2016Declaration of
GHGs as
Priority
Pollutants
Regulation 6
08Jan2016
2016National
Pollution
Prevention
Plans
Regulation 5
08Jan2016
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
Western Cape Air Quality
Management Plan 2016Bavaria is actively involved in the following three areas:
26
Goal 4: Support air quality and climate
change response programmes,
including promoting & facilitating GHG
emission reduction
Reduce ozone depleting
substances & GHG emissions…
Vision: “Clean and
healthy air for all in the
Western Cape”
Western Cape AQMP the
SMART-air Programme
Source: WCG DEA&DP
Bavaria‘s Climate Policy
Reducing greenhouse gas
emissions
Adapting to the
consequences of climate
change
Supporting research and
development
1
2
3
Bavaria’s climate policy is based on
close cooperation among policy-makers,
the business community and society
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
RAC Sector: a significant contributor of GHG emissions | climate impact
all sectors globally: 3 830 Mt Year 2000
Source: www.green-cooling-initiative.org/ Edgar Timm, HEat GmbH 27
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
28Source: 1GCI 2014/ IEA 2012 (data both 2012); 2GCI 2014
Climate impact of refrigeration and air-conditioning
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
29
• Former US Secretary Kerry: “It is likely the single most
important step we could take at this moment to
limit the warming of our planet and limit the
warming for generations to come.”
• Objective: Reduction of 72 GT CO2eq until 2050
2016 Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol:
phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
Source: Velders et al., 2016https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060074175 https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/environm
entalists-buoyant-kigali-amendment-enters-force
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
Global Warming Potential (GWP)• developed to allow comparisons of the global
warming impacts of different gases.
• it is a measure of how much energy the emissions
of 1 ton of a gas will absorb over a given period of
time, relative to the emissions of 1 ton of carbon
dioxide (CO2).
• the larger the GWP, the more that a given gas
warms the Earth compared to CO2 over that time
period; the time period usually used for GWPs is 100
years.
Source: https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/understanding-global-warming-potentials
Natural refrigerants
30
HCFC
Freon
R22
odourless
non-
flammable
GWP 1810
Refrigerant options and their climate impact
Hydro
carbons
ButaneR600
flammable
GWP 3
Carbon
Dioxide
R744
High pressure
GWP 2
Hydro
carbons
Propylene
R1270
flammable
GWP 1
Ammonia
R717low
flammability
material
compatibility
corrosion
GWP 0GWP 3
Hydro
carbons
PropaneR290
flammable
HFC
Freon
R134a
synthetic
non-
flammable
GWP 1430
Appliances with natural refrigerantswith same or better energy
efficiencies
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
Cooperation project on the transition to climate-friendly Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
Project TimeframeOct 2017 – Sep 2020
31
Source: AKS - Fotolia
Project Goals
• Support the reduction of HFC-based
emissions
• Dissemination of information and
knowledge about climate-friendly cooling
technologies
• Facilitate exchange and discussion
among experts and stakeholders
• Support the successful transition to
climate friendly cooling technologies
Facilitating Exchange and Dialog
Raising Aware-
ness
Capacity Building
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
Project activities – Cool Training “training the trainers“
32
GIZ Proklima 2 week “Cool Training“ course:
• 8 experts from South Africa trained at the
Vocational Training Center for Cooling
Technology Maintal, Frankfurt:
• safe application of natural refrigerants, e.g.
hydrocarbons and CO2
• refrigerant circuit pipes joining and
installation methods
• leak finding and tightness test activities etc.
• Visit companies in Bavaria that implement
cooling technologies with natural
refrigerants Fotos: LfU
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
Best Practice: CO2 Refrigeration in South Africa
33
Source: http://www.myschool.co.za/blog/431-woolworths-opens-its-greenest-store
Source:
https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/457/191687.htm
l
2010
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
DEA&DP- Strategic Planning Session 25-26 July
34
• New technologies when
switching to climate-friendly
refrigerants to reduce
carbon emissions, hence GHGs & reporting
• Economic growth supported
by skills development & job
opportunities iro new
technologies to reduce
carbon emissions, managed in the AEL regulatory space
• Monitoring & reporting on air
quality in areas where
previous studies done(HHRA,
Brown Haze, KAPS) & suburban growth → sensors.
• RAC skills development
focuses on women & youth in
SMART-air Programme (s31 of
AQA)
▪ Better transport infrastructure
development reduce carbon
emissions / brown haze in our
cities. Track air quality
(carbon emissions) from
congestion / cars along our transport routes → sensors.
NATIONAL PRIORITIES| PROVINCIAL PRIORITIES | MANDATES – NEM:AQA |VULNERABLE GROUPS
• Disaster burden heaviest on
poor, women & children hence risk reduction benefits them most
• RAC Sector = jobs for women and youth
promoted,
• Economic
transformation and
job creation;
• Education, skills and
health;
• Consolidating the
social wage
through reliable
and quality basic
services;
• Spatial integration,
human settlements
and local
government;
• Social cohesion
and safe
communities;
• A capable, ethical
and
developmental
state and
• A better Africa and
World.
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
WESTERN CAPE - AIR POLLUTANTS OF CONCERN
• Notwithstanding that increased air pollutants and greenhouse gases has
been driving climate change, our data is showing us that climate
change is impacting on air quality!
• The Western Cape has experienced its worst drought ever during the
past two years!
• Stations recording elevated trends in PM10 levels, mostly attributed to
windblown dust and the occurrence of veld fires due to the severe
drought conditions experienced.
• Similarly, ozone levels are increasing in areas, likely the result of high
ambient temperatures, open fires and emission sources from vehicles.
• Levels of H2S remains a challenge in our areas.
• While air pollution remains a challenge independently, it is crucial to
note the strong link between air pollution and climate change.
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
CHALLENGES
• Budget constraints in the current economy SEVERELY impacting
our monitoring networks
• Security of monitoring stations and equipment
• Factors affecting data recovery and quality:o Aging infrastructure
o Unforeseen equipment breakdown and repair process often
takes long (SCM)
o Inconsistent power supply at some monitoring stations
o Communication problems, no mechanisms to remotely
access monitoring stations
• Portable and multi-parameter instruments are costly
• Time and cost of training in Air Quality is expensive
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
OPPORTUNITIES
• Increased intergovernmental involvement in monitoring station
management, via partnerships:
– Encouraging Municipalities to invest in air quality monitoring
equipment relevant to their requirements (Worcester / Bredasdorp /
Garden Route / Bergrivier)
– Install new Particulate Matter analysers at Worcester and George;
explore with DEFF
– Consider low-cost sensors to screen air quality in areas
– Partnerships: SAWS; D: Health
• Improve data logging and management through Air Quality
Management Software (Envidas, WRPlot)
• Improve security of monitoring stations through security fencing
installations in May 2019
• Secured Laboratory work space in revamped building
• Future station housing units (rental of container - saving on CAPEX)
• Free/Online training in Air Quality, where possible
© Western Cape Government 2012 |
Thank you
Tel: Fax:
www.westerncape.gov.za
Contact Us
Joy Leaner (PhD)
Directorate: Air Quality Management
+27 21 483 2888 +27 21 482 3254
Joy.Leaner@westerncape.gov.za