Transcript of Air Pollutant Emission Calculations for Army Mobile ...
AFIT ENV 531 - Mar 199811
Lisa M. Polyak, Ryan M. Dunn & Kirsten J. HieraLisa M. Polyak,
Ryan M. Dunn & Kirsten J. Hiera US Army Center for Health
Promotion Preventive MedicineUS Army Center for Health Promotion
Preventive Medicine
Air Quality Surveillance ProgramAir Quality Surveillance Program
Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD
21010--54035403 Phone: 410Phone: 410--436436--2509 FAX:4102509
FAX:410--436436--36563656
Email: Lisa.Polyak@us.army.milEmail: Lisa.Polyak@us.army.mil
Air Pollutant Emission Calculations Air Pollutant Emission
Calculations for Army Mobile Sources and for Army Mobile Sources
and
Nonroad EnginesNonroad Engines
Joint Services Environmental Management Joint Services
Environmental Management Conference Conference -- 20072007
The views expressed in this presentation are those of the authorThe
views expressed in this presentation are those of the author and do
not reflect the official policy or and do not reflect the official
policy or position of the Department of Army, Department of
Defense, or thposition of the Department of Army, Department of
Defense, or the U.S. Government.e U.S. Government.
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What is an Emission Source ?What is an Emission Source ?
STATIONARYSTATIONARY
MOBILEMOBILE
NONROADNONROAD
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What is an Emission Source ?What is an Emission Source ? Stationary
Sources at Military BasesStationary Sources at Military Bases
Boiler Plants Generators Turbines Incinerators Engine Test Cells
Dynamometers Fire Fighter Trng Smoke Generators Firing Ranges OB/OD
Forest/Agri Burns Landfills
Fuel Storage Tanks Fuel Dispensing Facilities Printing Plants Vapor
Degreasers Organic Solvent Use Surface Coating Chemical
Distillation Pesticide/Herbicide Use Asphalt Production Plastics
Production Dry-cleaning Equipment Surface Impoundments
Wastewater Treatment Explosives Production Forging Operations Acid
Production Metal Plating Acid Etching Hospital Sterilizers Quarries
Sandblasting Carpentry Shops Smelters Remedial Activities
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What is an Emission Source ?What is an Emission Source ? Mobile
Sources at Military BasesMobile Sources at Military Bases
WHEELED VEHICLESWHEELED VEHICLES POVsPOVs Trucks Trucks -- Light
& Heavy DutyLight & Heavy Duty HMMWVsHMMWVs
TRACKED VEHICLESTRACKED VEHICLES TanksTanks Armored Personnel
CarriersArmored Personnel Carriers
AIRCRAFTAIRCRAFT Fixed Wing: Planes, JetsFixed Wing: Planes, Jets
Rotary Wing: HelicoptersRotary Wing: Helicopters
MARINE VESSELSMARINE VESSELS Inboard Powered: ShipsInboard Powered:
Ships Outboard Powered: BoatsOutboard Powered: Boats
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What is an Emission Source ?What is an Emission Source ? Nonroad
Sources at Military BasesNonroad Sources at Military Bases
Aerospace Aerospace Ground Ground EquipmentEquipment MowersMowers
Chain SawsChain Saws ShreddersShredders EdgersEdgers
TrimmersTrimmers ExcavatorsExcavators
Mobile CranesMobile Cranes Air CompressorsAir Compressors
Motor GradersMotor Graders Snow throwersSnow throwers
BackhoesBackhoes TractorsTractors ForkliftsForklifts
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Typical Stationary Source Emissions Typical Stationary Source
Emissions at an Army Baseat an Army Base
Actual Emissions (TPY) Source Category
NOX SO2 CO VOC PM10
Boilers (Natural Gas) 4.77 0.03 4.01 0.26 0.36
Boilers (Fuel Oil) <0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Degreasing --- --- --- 3.01 ---
Fuel Storage and Dispensing --- --- --- 0.05 ---
Generators 0.57 0.06 0.13 0.03 0.03
Landfills --- --- 0.65 8.60 ---
Surface Coating --- --- --- 1.08 0.02
Training Aids --- --- --- 0.17 <0.01
Woodworking --- --- --- --- <0.01
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Typical (?) Mobile & Nonroad Emissions Typical (?) Mobile &
Nonroad Emissions at an Army Baseat an Army Base
1 Emission factors for combat vehicles were not available. 2
Activity levels for engineering equipment were not available.
Actual Emissions (TPY) Source Category
NOX SOX CO HC PM
Aviation Vehicles 11.76 25.54 21.37 2.96 0.90
Combat Vehicles1 - - - - -
Engineering Equipment2 - - - - -
Nonroad Vehicles/Equipment 37.35 4.63 61.32 6.44 4.11
Privately Owned Vehicles (POVs) 84.99 1.14 885.61 72.27 2.62
Tactical Vehicles 243.50 8.35 618.62 48.71 16.86
Total Emissions (TPY) 378.25 39.67 1,593.97 130.88 24.50
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Actual Emissions (TPY) Source Category
NOX SOX CO HC PM
Stationary Sources 10.35 0.41 15.71 14.97 2.6
Mobile Sources 378.25 39.67 1,593.97 130.88 24.50
Absolute Difference (Mobile - Stationary) 367.90 39.26 1,578.26
115.91 21.90
Relative Difference (Mobile / Stationary) 37 97 101 9 9
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What does it all mean ??What does it all mean ??
Mobile & nonroad emissions are SIGNIFICANTLY Mobile &
nonroad emissions are SIGNIFICANTLY greater than stationary source
emissionsgreater than stationary source emissions Mobile &
nonroad emissions are more difficult to Mobile & nonroad
emissions are more difficult to calculate than stationary source
emissionscalculate than stationary source emissions
Fewer emission factors & algorithms availableFewer emission
factors & algorithms available Available algorithms are harder
to useAvailable algorithms are harder to use Many more types of
sourcesMany more types of sources Less accessible activity data for
sourcesLess accessible activity data for sources
General conformity & NEPA require mobile & nonroad General
conformity & NEPA require mobile & nonroad emissions to be
consideredemissions to be considered
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How to evaluate mobile & nonroad How to evaluate mobile &
nonroad emission sources ?emission sources ?
Type of sourceType of source Aircraft, Combat, Engineering, GOV,
Nonroad, POV, TacticalAircraft, Combat, Engineering, GOV, Nonroad,
POV, Tactical
Activity levelActivity level Hours of operation, mileage, fuel
useHours of operation, mileage, fuel use
Source attributesSource attributes Model year, engine type, #
engines, operating mode, fuel typeModel year, engine type, #
engines, operating mode, fuel type
Emission factorsEmission factors EPA, manufacturer, contract
specification, stack testEPA, manufacturer, contract specification,
stack test
Emission algorithmsEmission algorithms Good luck.Good luck.
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Online relational databaseOnline relational database Tracks
operating and support data for 1,000Tracks operating and support
data for 1,000++ Army Army weapon/material systemsweapon/material
systems Can sort by weapon category or individual item Can sort by
weapon category or individual item Can be queried from MACOM to
battalion levelCan be queried from MACOM to battalion level
Contains activity data for all items; differentiates Contains
activity data for all items; differentiates between garrison and
deployed usagebetween garrison and deployed usage Weapon categories
include: Weapon categories include: artillery/missile,
artillery/missile, aviation, combat, electronic, engineering &
tacticalaviation, combat, electronic, engineering &
tactical
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Emission FactorsEmission Factors: Air Emission Inventory Guidance
Document for Mobile Sources at Air Force Installations, Section 3
(Aircraft Engine Emissions) EPA 450/3-78-117, Air Pollutant
Emission Factors for Military and Civil Aircraft, October
1978
Example CalculationExample Calculation: Emissions (lbs/yr) = Fuel
Rate (lbs fuel/hr) x Operating Hours
(hrs/yr) x EF (lbs pollutant/1,000 lbs fuel-engine) x #
engines/aircraft
Data NeedsData Needs: Aircraft type, engine type, #
engines/aircraft, fuel flow rate (lbs/hr), time in power setting (%
or hrs/yr), total operating hours (hrs/yr), fuel sulfur content
(%)
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How to Calculate EmissionsHow to Calculate Emissions Cars and
TrucksCars and Trucks
Emission FactorsEmission Factors:
EDMS:www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ae
p/models/edms_model/ Mobile6: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/m6.htm
Example CalculationExample Calculation: Emissions (lbs/yr) = EF
(g/mile) x Mileage (mi/yr) x (lb/g)
Data NeedsData Needs: Vehicle model year, vehicle weight (lbs),
average speed (mph), annual mileage (mi/yr), local elevation (ft
above sea level), fuel type
Emission FactorsEmission Factors: NONROAD software:
www.epa.gov/otaq/nonrdmdl.htm Air Emission Inventory Guidance
Document for Mobile Sources at Air Force Installations, Section 7
(Nonroad Vehicles/Equipment)
Example CalculationExample Calculation: Emissions (lbs/yr) = EF
(g/hp-hr) x Engine Rating (hp) x
Operating Hours (hrs/yr) x [Load Factor/100] x (lb/g) Data
NeedsData Needs:
Fuel type, vehicle model year, engine rating (hp), load factor (%),
operating hours (hrs/yr), emission conversion factor
(bhp-hr/mi)
Emission FactorsEmission Factors: Production contract specification
for engine exhaust
(Meets EPA emission standard ??) Example CalculationExample
Calculation:
Emissions (lbs/yr) = EF (g/hp-hr) x Conversion Factor (bhp-hr/mi) x
Mileage (mi/yr) x (lb/g)
Data NeedsData Needs: Fuel type, vehicle weight (lbs) , annual
mileage (mi/yr), engine emission conversion factor
(bhp-hr/mi)
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What is an Emission Source ?Stationary Sources at Military
Bases
What is an Emission Source ?Mobile Sources at Military Bases
What is an Emission Source ?Nonroad Sources at Military Bases
Typical Stationary Source Emissions at an Army Base
Typical (?) Mobile & Nonroad Emissions at an Army Base
Let’s compare…
How to evaluate mobile & nonroad emission sources ?
OSMIS
OSMIS
How to Calculate EmissionsCars and Trucks
How to Calculate EmissionsNonroad Engines
How to Calculate EmissionsTactical Vehicles