AIRCorrelating Transportation, Energy Efficiency,

and Urban Heat Island Mitigation

Richard M. Daley, Mayor

City of Chicago

David Leopold, Project Manager

Streetscape and Sustainable Design Program

Source: CNT.org

FIVESTRATEGIES

Leadership: Chicago Climate Action Plan

Corresponding Project Goals

•Alternative Modes of Transportation

•Urban Heat Island Effect

•Light Pollution

•Construction Emissions

•Regional Materials

Alternative Transportation

•Implementing the CDOT Complete Streets Policy

•Improving facilities for pedestrians and cyclists

•Improving access to public transportation

Alternative Transportation – Pedestrian Basics

ADA Compliant Sidewalks and Ramps

Clearly Marked Crossings

Alternative Transportation – Design Elements

Landscaped buffers between pedestrians and traffic

Alternative Transportation – Design ElementsBlue Island Avenue

•Cars and Trucks parking on the existing sidewalk

5’

Alternative Transportation – Design ElementsBlue Island Avenue

•Narrow sidewalk 5’ to shadow parking midblock, allowing for the addition of a bike lane

Alternative Transportation – Design ElementsBikeway Infrastructure

•Providing Linkages to the Existing Bikeways Network

•Adding parking for cyclists and bike-to-transit

Alternative Transportation – Design ElementsPublic Transportation

•Relocating bus stops

•Reconstructing ADA compliant bus stop areas.

Alternative Transportation – Design ElementsSide Street Bump-Outs

•Reduced Pedestrian Crossing Distances

•Opportunities for Landscaping and stormwater infiltration

•Discourage truck access to residential blocks to the North

Urban Heat Island Effect

Goal: Reduce ambient summer temperatures on streets and sidewalks through use of reflective pavements on roadways, light colored materials on sidewalks and use of trees for shading

Urban Heat Island Effect

180 New trees will be planted in landscaped planters and bioswales.

Planting conditions designed to optimize canopy growth

Urban Heat Island Effect

Maximize streetscape surface area in roadway, sidewalks, and plazas with minimum .29 Solar Reflective Index.

•Permeable Pavers (over 50,000 sq ft)

•Roadway pavers with with Photocatalytic Cement

•Sidewalk Concrete (over 130,000 sq ft)

•Microthin Concrete Overlay (over 100,000 sq ft)

½ Inch Paver Facemix

Photocatalytic Cement in Pavements

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Time (min)

Co

nc

en

tra

tio

n (

%)

NO

NOx

NO2

UV DarkDark

Depollution Process on Tested Paver SamplesReduction in NO, NOx, NO2 Gases

Source: Axim Technology Center

Air Quality Pre-Data Collection

1’

3’

6’

Data Points Include: NO, NO2, NOx, Wind Speed, UV

Energy Efficiency - Lighting

•Achieve 49% reduction in energy use over a streetscape baseline

•Utilize a white light source

•Eliminate light trespass into the night sky

Energy Efficiency - Lighting

•400 W / 310 W HPS Gateway 2000 Fixtures

•100 W HPS Pedestrian Lights

•210 W/ 140 W Metal Halide Fixtures with Electronic Ballast

•40 W LED Pedestrian Lights

Baseline Sustainable Streetscape

Energy Savings = 49% reduction from the Baseline

Energy Efficiency - Lighting

•Technology comparison to HPS.•Roadway pavement design used to improve uniformity and visibility for drivers and pedestrians.•Technology barriers experienced throughout design•Energy use costs vs. life cycle costing•Full-cut off decision-making•Smart fixtures

Construction Emissions

•Construction Vehicles: ULSD Fuel and Idling Requirements

•Warm Mix Asphalt Technology

CDOT Piloted two Warm Mix Asphalt Demonstrations in 2008 typically resulting in:

•Temperatures more than 100 degrees lower than hot mix

•55% reduction in fuel consumption

•46% reduction in greenhouse gases

•58% decrease in nitrogen oxides

•81% drop in sulfur dioxide

Regional Materials

•Attain 40% of all materials from sources within 500 miles of the project site