Aim: How does water move through the ground?

Do now: Thinking back to our lesson on the water cycle, which term would describe water moving into the ground?

•Precipitation infiltrates the ground to become part of the groundwater supply.

I. Source of Ground Water

What happens if water does

not infiltrate?

Water will infiltrate the ground if it is…

- Unsaturated: not filled with water.

- Permeable: allows water to flow through.

Water will not infiltrate the ground if it is…

- Saturated: filled with water.

- Impermeable: does not allow water to flow through.

II. Vocabulary

What happens if water does not infiltrate?

III. Factors that influence Infiltration and Run off

1.Slope (steep vs. gentle)

2.Soil Composition (sorted vs. mixed)

3.Rate of Precipitation (heavy rain vs. light rain)

4.Vegetation (many vs. few)

With the person sitting next to you, discuss how you think these four factors influence the amounts of infiltration and

run-off.

Leave two lines of space between each

Slope- Steeper slopes cause more run off

- Gentle slopes allow for more infiltration

Soil Composition

Sorted Particles allow for more

infiltration

Mixed Particles cause more run

off

Rate of Precipitation

Heavy Rain cause more run off

Light Rain allow for more infiltration

Many plants cause more infiltration

Vegetation

Few plants allow more run off

*roots create spaces for water

to infiltrate

Closure:

From the back table obtain the Infiltration Worksheet

(top bin)

• Groundwater's movement through the soil and rock depends on porosity

and permeability.

IV. The Influence of Soil

Pores

A. Porosity – how much open space there is in a rock/soil.

Sorted Sediment

Mixed Sediment

Pores

Has larger pore spaces and more openings.

Small sediments fills in spaces creating smaller spaces and less openings.

Porosity IS NOT affected by particle size when the

sediment is well sorted.

Each container has an equal volume of sediment and pore space.

B. Permeability – water flowing through soil.

- Depends on the size of sediments.

Fine Coarse= Slowly = Quickly

LINK

C. Capillarity ––The ability of water to rise in small openings.

Closure:

From the back table obtain the Permeability, Porosity, and Capillarity Class worksheet

(bottom bin)