Post on 19-Sep-2020
Agricultural policy of Mongolia
enhancing productivity of
agricultural sector
www.mofa.gov.mn
D.Bat-Erdene
Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry
Geographical location
Locations: between China and Russia;
Territory: 1.566 thous sq. km
Land boundaries: 8,158 km, with Russia 3,485 km with China 4,673 km
Average altitude: 1,580 m above sea-level
Temperatures in the winter -15 C and -40 C, in the summer +10 C and +35 C,
Precipitation in the plains and mountains 380 mm, in the desert and Gobi areas 125 mm
State structure: administratively divided into 21
aimags (provinces)
Capital city: Ulaanbaatar
Population: 2.7 million
Density: 1.6 persons per sq. km
Sex ratio at births: 105 males per 100 females
Life expectancy: male 61 years, female 66
years
Ethnic group: Mongols (Khalkha) 86%,
Kazaks 6%, Others 8%;
Religions: Tibetan Buddhism 96%, Muslim,
Christian and Shamanism 4%
Languages: Mongolian
National currency: Tugrik (MNT)
Highlights of the current situation of
the Food and Agriculture Sector
• The Sector accounts for more than 20 per cent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Mongolia
• The sector contributes 14 per cent of the foreign currency revenues of Mongolia.
Current situation in the Sector
• Livestock sub-sector:
– Accounts for more than 80% of Agriculture production.
– Over 180,000 herder households work in the sub-sector.
– Mongolia has 42.2 million heads of livestock as per the end of 2008 with 10% increase compared to previous year.
194.7 199.6
263.0
208.9
177.1159.0
126.2 122.0
356.5
213.0
270.0
170.0216.4
142.1 142.2125.9
164.3137.4
77.0
138.6 114.7
218.4
301.6
420.0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
So
wn
are
a t
ho
usa
nd
ha
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Ha
rves
ted
yie
ld t
ho
usa
nd
to
n
Sown area Yield
Current situation Near future
Sown area and harvested yield
Potato sown areas and harvested yield
6.2
7.8
8.8
10.2
8.7
9.7 9.7
10.5
11.612.2
113.6
109
83.482.478
51.858.158.8
51.9
131.1
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
So
wn
area
th
ou
san
d h
a
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Ha
rves
ted
yie
ld t
ho
usa
nd
to
n
Sown area Yield
Vegetable sown area and harvested yield
3.6
3.2
5.45.6
7.1
6.1
5.65.8
6.1
5.8
79.1
70.4
62.5
50.6
58.9
39.744.543.9
27.3
41.7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
So
wn
are
a 0
00
' tn
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
ha
rves
ted
yie
ld 0
00
' tn
Sown area Yield
Number of tractors and combine harvesters
1980
1736
14201380
950 930
701760
820910
1506
536600
675
486
810820
13301320
1735
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
1995 1997 1999 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Tractor Combine
Present Near future
Labor force in Agricultural Sector
/Total 390,000 person/
85 %
15 %
Livestock sector
Crop productionsector
Cultivated crop land use
/in thousand ha/
Abandoned,
479.4,
Unused, 375.7
Fallow, 146.7
Sown, 194.8
“Third Crop Rehabilitation
Campaign”
National Programme
Programme Goal Programme Goal
•• Create favorable economic conditionCreate favorable economic condition
•• Increase agricultural productionIncrease agricultural production
•• Ensure food safety Ensure food safety
•• Eliminate import dependenceEliminate import dependence
•• Increase self relianceIncrease self reliance
•• Intensify development of crop productionIntensify development of crop production
To reach total arable land of
600,000 hectares
Re-cultivate abandoned crop land :
– in 2008: 50,000 ha
– in 2009: 88,000 ha
– in 2010: 100,000 ha
Supply of Agricultural Machinery
• 725 tractors, 550 combine harvesters are to be imported
• 70-80% of agricultural machinery require renovation
To reach irrigation on 54.2 thousand ha
• Renovate irrigation system on 10 thousand ha
• Build new irrigation system on 22.0 thousand ha
• Make water reservoir with capacity of 15 mio sq. m
Seed Supply
• Drought resistant, high quality varieties of wheat seeds for Mongolia’s harsh climatic conditions will be imported, as follows:
� 2008 - 6000 tons;
� 2009 - 5000 tons;
� 2010 - 4000 tons;
• Technical assistance is required for strengthening the capacity of the Seed Multiplication Centers;
Expected Results Increase in Self Sufficiency
Year Wheat Potato Vegetable
2008 49.0 % 93.5 % 58.3 %
2009 67.0 % 113.2 % 80.4 %
2010 100.0 % 131.0 % 101.8 %
(e.g. currently Mongolia produces only about 30 % of its domestic consumption of
wheat)
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Conclusion
Mongolia has vast potentials for the improvement of Agro-Production. The following problems and constraints hinder the improvement of both sub-sectors, Cropping and livestock
� Poor infrastructure- Road, bridge, irrigation systems
� Lack of safety and quality control
� Storage and transportation facilities
� Inappropriate loan portfolio
� Low level of education
� Lack of improved seeds, fertilizers and pesticides