Post on 13-Jan-2016
Agenda 1-22-13Bell work #30Write the complementary DNA strand of the strand below.TTAAGCGCTAATCGTACTNotes: Translation and Transcription Practice : DNA, mRNA, tRNA ( it may be homework) Closure: How does DNA differ from RNA?
Transcription and TranslationChapter 12p. 287-312
Protein StructureMade up of amino acidsPolypeptide- string of amino acids20 amino acids are arranged in different orders to make a variety of proteinsAssembled on a ribosome
Questions to be answered todayHow do we get from the bases found in DNA to amino acids? How do we get from a bunch of amino acids to proteins?
ReplicationDNA double helix unwindsDNA now single-strandedNew DNA strand forms using complementary base pairing (A-T, C-G)Used to prepare DNA for cell divisionWhole genome copied/replicated
Transcription and Translation: An Overview (aka the Central Dogma)TranscriptionTranslation
RNA vs. DNADNADouble strandedDeoxyribose sugar Bases: C,G A,T
RNASingle strandedRibose sugarBases: C,G,A,UBoth contain a sugar, phosphate, and base.
TranscriptionRNA forms base pairs with DNAC-GA-UPrimary transcript- length of RNA that results from the process of transcription
TRANSCRIPTIONACGATACCCTGACGAGCGTTAGCTATCGUGCUAUGGGACU
Major players in transcriptionmRNA- type of RNA that encodes information for the synthesis of proteins and carries it to a ribosome from the nucleus
Major players in transcriptionRNA polymerase- complex of enzymes with 2 functions:Unwind DNA sequence Produce primary transcript by stringing together the chain of RNA nucleotides
mRNA ProcessingPrimary transcript is not mature mRNADNA sequence has coding regions (exons) and non-coding regions (introns) Introns must be removed before primary transcript is mRNA and can leave nucleus
Transcription is donewhat now?Now we have mature mRNA transcribed from the cells DNA. It is leaving the nucleus through a nuclear pore. Once in the cytoplasm, it finds a ribosome so that translation can begin.
We know how mRNA is made, but how do we read the code?
TranslationSecond stage of protein productionmRNA is on a ribosome
Ribosomes2 subunits, separate in cytoplasm until they join to begin translationLargeSmallContain 3 binding sitesEPA
TranslationSecond stage of protein productionmRNA is on a ribosometRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome
tRNATransfer RNABound to one amino acid on one endAnticodon on the other end complements mRNA codon
tRNA FunctionAmino acids must be in the correct order for the protein to function correctlytRNA lines up amino acids using mRNA code
Reading the DNA codeEvery 3 DNA bases pairs with 3 mRNA basesEvery group of 3 mRNA bases encodes a single amino acidCodon- coding triplet of mRNA bases
How many bases code for each amino acid?1 base = 1 amino acid41 =
2 bases = 1 amino acid42 =
3 bases = 1 amino acid43 =
The Genetic Code
ACGATACCCTGACGAGCGTTAGCTATCGUGCUAUGGGACUG
Which codons code for which amino acids? Genetic code- inventory of linkages between nucleotide triplets and the amino acids they code forA gene is a segment of RNA that brings about transcription of a segment of RNA
Transcription vs. Translation ReviewTranscriptionProcess by which genetic information encoded in DNA is copied onto messenger RNAOccurs in the nucleusDNA mRNATranslationProcess by which information encoded in mRNA is used to assemble a protein at a ribosomeOccurs on a RibosomemRNA protein
1-23-13 Wednesday Why knock on the door of opportunity when you have the key to open it? Bell Work #31 ( I will collect yesterdays assignment) Review over how to use the codon chart/questions from yesterdays work.Independent Practice: Using what You know: DNA and Protein Synthesis ( I will do some and then you will do the rest by yourself!) Quick write: Explain how you synthesis ( make) proteins from a strand of DNA?
Objective: demonstrate an understanding of DNA replication, RNA transcription and translation. Reminders: Study Daily ( especially content related vocab). Quiz this Friday!!! ( replication, transcription, and translation) Lab: Next Monday and Tuesday ( bring .50 by Friday. letter sent home Thursday to parents
1-24-13 Thursday Why knock on the door of opportunity when you have the key to open it? Bell Work #32( I will collect yesterdays assignment if you took it home to finish) Review bell work The Codon well ( its just like the chart) Independent Practice: Transcription and Translation summary ( lets using the codon well) Closure: reminders Objective: demonstrate an understanding of DNA replication, RNA transcription and translation. Reminders: Study Daily ( especially content related vocab). Quiz this Friday!!! ( replication, transcription, and translation) Journals are going to be graded Friday! Have your bell work 30-32, and quick write ready!Lab: Next Monday and Tuesday ( bring .50 by Friday.
The Codon Wheel
Extrashttps://mail.chisd.net/owa/attachment.ashx?attach=1&id=RgAAAAAy8cCE7aZOSos7BsxUDG6wBwAMEE5srlznRp5qwja5UkCyAvJ5tEZzAAAzbTlPvYonRYPxLnVQdUvJAAAMOl5NAAAJ&attid0=BAAAAAAA&attcnt=1
Video of the notes from Mrs. Tates board
*