Post on 13-Jan-2016
Age of Discovery and TradeAge of Discovery and TradePart 1: Exploring the EastPart 1: Exploring the East
The PortugueseThe Portuguese
ObjectivesObjectives
Explain the 3 main motives for Explain the 3 main motives for exploration.exploration.
Trace the rise and fall of the Trace the rise and fall of the Portuguese trading empire.Portuguese trading empire.
Discuss the shift in power from the Discuss the shift in power from the Portuguese to the Dutch in Portuguese to the Dutch in controlling the spice tradecontrolling the spice trade
ExplorationExploration
CausesCauses– The Renaissance The Renaissance
and Reformationand Reformation– The Crusades The Crusades – opened tradeopened trade
Marco Polo Marco Polo – China 1200’sChina 1200’s
Why did they want to explore?Why did they want to explore?
1.1. Money (Gold)Money (Gold)
2.2. Religion (God)Religion (God)
3.3. Famous (Glory)Famous (Glory)
Technology made it happenTechnology made it happen
Compass Astrolabe
Carvel TriangularSail
Portugal: the first to explore Portugal: the first to explore
Prince Henry the Navigator:Prince Henry the Navigator:– CatholicCatholic– Wanted route to ChinaWanted route to China– Created a navigational schoolCreated a navigational school
Spain and Portugal 1400’sSpain and Portugal 1400’s
Prince HenryPrince Henry1394-14601394-1460
Portugal in the EastPortugal in the East
trading posts on Africa’s coaststrading posts on Africa’s coasts Bartholomew DiasBartholomew Dias: rounded the : rounded the
Cape of Good Hope, 1488Cape of Good Hope, 1488 Vasco de GamaVasco de Gama: all sea route : all sea route
directly to India.directly to India.
Bartholomew DiasBartholomew Dias
Vasco da GamaVasco da Gama
Portugal’s Trading EmpirePortugal’s Trading Empire
Direct sea route to IndiaDirect sea route to India – Ousted the Muslim traders Ousted the Muslim traders – Made Asian goods cheaper Made Asian goods cheaper by cutting by cutting
out the middle man – Italians/Muslimsout the middle man – Italians/Muslims
Portuguese EmpirePortuguese Empire
Nature of Trade
India
•Textiles •Spices (Black pepper) •Tea ( introduced from China by Europeans )
•Opium ( for export to China )
•Entrepot for goods from other countries
China•Silk •Porcelain (china) •Tea
Moluccan Islands Spices: Nutmeg, Cloves and Mace
Java Coffee, Tea
CeylonCinnamon & Pearls Elephants for India then Tea
SpainSpain
Ferdinand MagellanFerdinand Magellan: looking for a : looking for a route to Asia in the west, ended up in route to Asia in the west, ended up in the Philippines the Philippines
circumnavigated the world, 1521circumnavigated the world, 1521
Ferdinand MagellanFerdinand Magellan
Magellan strait
The Rest of EuropeThe Rest of Europe
The Dutch (the Netherlands) and the The Dutch (the Netherlands) and the English: worked together to oust the English: worked together to oust the Portuguese from AsiaPortuguese from AsiaThe Dutch dominated controlled Indonesia The Dutch dominated controlled Indonesia
and Southeast Asia; the English and Southeast Asia; the English controlled India.controlled India.
Beginnings of the British EmpireBeginnings of the British Empire
Pax Britannica 1815-1914
France entered and was not as France entered and was not as successfulsuccessful
East India Trading CompaniesEast India Trading Companies– These companies could make These companies could make
treaties, raise armiestreaties, raise armies In the East they looked for In the East they looked for
treasures and wealth; the West will treasures and wealth; the West will be differentbe different
Explorer Country location dates motives extras
Magellan Who they sailed for
Where they went
When they went
Why they went
What they found ect…
Dais
Da Gama
Prince Henry
Assignment #1Assignment #1
Why were Europeans in the East?
Causes1. Supporting detail
Cause1. Supporting detail
Cause1. Supporting detail
Part 2 Part 2
The SpanishThe Spanish
objectivesobjectives
Explain why the Spanish set out west Explain why the Spanish set out west to find the eastto find the east
Describe the effects of Spanish Describe the effects of Spanish settlement on the Native Americanssettlement on the Native Americans
SpainSpain
Before Spanish enslavement Spanish enslavement
Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus
Sponsored by Spain to find an all sea Sponsored by Spain to find an all sea route to Asia going westroute to Asia going west
Spain’s rival was PortugalSpain’s rival was Portugal In 1492 Columbus discovered what he In 1492 Columbus discovered what he
thought was the East Indies thought was the East Indies (Indonesia) hence the name “Indians”(Indonesia) hence the name “Indians”
RealityReality
it was the Caribbeanit was the Caribbean All islands All islands
“discovered” were “discovered” were claimed for Spainclaimed for Spain
his goal was to settle his goal was to settle these lands these lands ((colonizationcolonization))
Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus
Amerigo VespucciAmerigo Vespucci
Amerigo Vespucci worked for Amerigo Vespucci worked for PortugalPortugal– after his voyage he said this land was a after his voyage he said this land was a
“new world”, not Asia“new world”, not Asia In 1507, the whole new area was In 1507, the whole new area was
named after him: Americanamed after him: America
Spain Builds An EmpireSpain Builds An Empire
The Spanish were the first settlers in The Spanish were the first settlers in the new world - St Augstine, FLthe new world - St Augstine, FL– Spain builds colonies in North, Central Spain builds colonies in North, Central
and South Americaand South America Spanish explorers were called Spanish explorers were called
conquistadorsconquistadors (conquerors) (conquerors)
Cortes and AztecsCortes and Aztecs
Hernando CortesHernando Cortes: landed in Mexico : landed in Mexico looking for goldlooking for gold
Montezuma II, thought Cortes was a Montezuma II, thought Cortes was a godgod– Cortes took their gold and forced them Cortes took their gold and forced them
to mine for moreto mine for more
Aztecs honoring CortezAztecs honoring Cortez
1520, Aztecs rebelled1520, Aztecs rebelled 1521, Cortes had conquered the 1521, Cortes had conquered the
Aztecs. Aztecs. How?How?
1. Many Aztecs joined Cortes1. Many Aztecs joined Cortes2. Better weapons2. Better weapons3. Disease: this was the #1 killer of all 3. Disease: this was the #1 killer of all
native peoples in the America’snative peoples in the America’s
Spanish conquer the AztecsSpanish conquer the Aztecs
How did Spain colonize?How did Spain colonize?
Married native women and produced a Married native women and produced a mestizo mestizo population (Native and Euro mix)population (Native and Euro mix)
Spain gave land to settlers and used Spain gave land to settlers and used Natives to work itNatives to work it– Called the Called the encomendia systemencomendia system
Catholic priests followed and spread Catholic priests followed and spread CatholicismCatholicism
Based on what I have told you… Based on what I have told you…
List 3 reasons the Aztecs were List 3 reasons the Aztecs were defeated by Cortezdefeated by Cortez
List 3 reasons Spanish Came to the List 3 reasons Spanish Came to the “new world”“new world”
Define these termsDefine these terms– Mestizo Encomendis Mestizo Encomendis
ConquistadorsConquistadors–
CortesCortes
Aztecs human sacrificeAztecs human sacrifice
Cortes and MontezumaCortes and Montezuma
Other Conquerors Other Conquerors
Francisco Pizarro Spanish Francisco Pizarro Spanish conquistadorconquistador– conquered the Incan Empire in 1532conquered the Incan Empire in 1532
Pedro Alvares Cabral Pedro Alvares Cabral – Claimed Brazil for Portuguese Claimed Brazil for Portuguese
PizarroPizarro
Incan EmpireIncan Empire
Incas and SpaniardsIncas and Spaniards
Incas and PizarroIncas and Pizarro
Look closelyLook closely
Converting and branding Converting and branding nativesnatives
IncasIncas
Incan remainsIncan remains
Spain moves on for more gold, Spain moves on for more gold, God, and gloryGod, and glory
Spain pushed north Spain pushed north Coronado Coronado
– led men into southwest region of the led men into southwest region of the U.S.U.S.
Ponce de Leon Ponce de Leon – explored Floridaexplored Florida
The NativesThe Natives
Encomienda systemEncomienda system– Abolished 1542Abolished 1542
20 million natives died from disease 20 million natives died from disease – No one to work landsNo one to work lands
SmallpoxSmallpox
Slave TradeSlave Trade
objectivesobjectives
Summarize the evolution of the slave Summarize the evolution of the slave trade trade
Describe the triangular tradeDescribe the triangular trade Describe slave lifeDescribe slave life Identify the consequences of the Identify the consequences of the
slave tradeslave trade
SlaverySlavery
Slavery is as old as society it’s selfSlavery is as old as society it’s self slaves were mostly POW’s slaves were mostly POW’s Based on nationality or religionBased on nationality or religion; ; not not
racerace slaves had rightsslaves had rights children were not born into slaverychildren were not born into slavery
Slave transportSlave transport
Need for slavesNeed for slaves
Increased demands for goods in Increased demands for goods in EuropeEurope
Cash crops like sugar and tobacco Cash crops like sugar and tobacco were labor intensive were labor intensive
Cash crops made many richCash crops made many rich
Why the shift from Indian to Why the shift from Indian to African?African?
Natives knew the land and could run Natives knew the land and could run awayaway
Natives died from diseasesNatives died from diseases
Benefits of African SlavesBenefits of African Slaves
already knew how to farm cash cropsalready knew how to farm cash crops immune to diseasesimmune to diseases did not run awaydid not run away
Slavery how it startedSlavery how it started
Spain and PortugalSpain and Portugal Grew crops like sugar cane and Grew crops like sugar cane and
tobaccotobacco first plantations set up by the first plantations set up by the
PortuguesePortuguese
The middle passageThe middle passage
The voyage from Africa to the The voyage from Africa to the America’sAmerica’s
20% never made it20% never made it
Packing of the shipsPacking of the ships
Slave shipSlave ship
The AuctionsThe Auctions
If they made it they were sold at If they made it they were sold at auctionsauctions
Families separated and sold to the Families separated and sold to the highest bidderhighest bidder
Slave AuctionSlave Auction
Coping with slave lifeCoping with slave life
Slaves looked to religionSlaves looked to religion Kept heritage alive-music-stories and Kept heritage alive-music-stories and
traditionstraditions
Life as a slaveLife as a slave
Worked in minesWorked in mines In fieldsIn fields As servantsAs servants Little food, clothing or shelterLittle food, clothing or shelter No legal protections, they are private No legal protections, they are private
propertyproperty Whipped or beatenWhipped or beaten
Some did resistSome did resist
Open rebellion-killing owners Open rebellion-killing owners Silent rebellion-breaking tools-slow Silent rebellion-breaking tools-slow
work-fireswork-fires
Consequences of slaveryConsequences of slavery Africa was robbed of its young and Africa was robbed of its young and
strong people-strong people- guns promoted war guns promoted war Families were torn apartFamilies were torn apart People in Europe and America go People in Europe and America go
richrich African farming techniques improved African farming techniques improved
crop productioncrop production Blending of culturesBlending of cultures
Age of Discovery and Age of Discovery and TradeTrade
Part 3: North AmericaPart 3: North America
ObjectivesObjectives
Compare the settlements of the Compare the settlements of the English, Spanish and FrenchEnglish, Spanish and French
Explain the origins of the French and Explain the origins of the French and Indian WarIndian War
Spain and PortugalSpain and Portugal
By 1600 Spain and Portugal were By 1600 Spain and Portugal were about to fight over land claims in the about to fight over land claims in the new worldnew world
the Treaty of Tordesillas was created the Treaty of Tordesillas was created in 1494 to prevent warin 1494 to prevent war– an imaginary line north-south and split an imaginary line north-south and split
South America in halfSouth America in half
FranceFrance found riches in the fur found riches in the fur
tradetrade Set up trading posts Did Set up trading posts Did
not colonizenot colonize
The English and Joint Stock The English and Joint Stock CompaniesCompanies
Jamestown – gold – no foodJamestown – gold – no food John SmithJohn Smith John RolfJohn Rolf PocahontasPocahontas
Brown GoldBrown Gold
Tobacco saves the Tobacco saves the towntown
EnglandEngland
Pilgrims: left England because of Pilgrims: left England because of religious persecutionreligious persecution
founded Plymouth colonyfounded Plymouth colony
Puritans wanted purify the Anglican Puritans wanted purify the Anglican church-No catholic practiceschurch-No catholic practices
Founded Massachusetts Bay ColonyFounded Massachusetts Bay Colony Settled in America and founded Model Settled in America and founded Model
societies with familiessocieties with families
The DutchThe Dutch
Came for the money - furCame for the money - fur Founded New Netherland Founded New Netherland Tolerant Tolerant People to come and live there; People to come and live there;
regardless of religionregardless of religion
The 3 countries fightThe 3 countries fight
English fight the DutchEnglish fight the Dutch French were to the West - they fight French were to the West - they fight
each other using the natives as allieseach other using the natives as allies This is the This is the French and Indian War French and Indian War
The NativesThe Natives
French and Dutch traded with nativesFrench and Dutch traded with natives Natives were a $ sourceNatives were a $ source English did not get along with the English did not get along with the
natives; pushed them off of their landnatives; pushed them off of their land The English were colonizingThe English were colonizing Disease drastically decreased Native Disease drastically decreased Native
numbersnumbers
Copy this chartCopy this chartCountryCountry SpainSpain FranceFrance EnglandEngland
Source of Source of WealthWealth
GoldGold FurFur TobaccoTobacco
Treatment Treatment of Nativesof Natives
Mixed Mixed freelyfreely
Traded and Traded and mixedmixed
IsolatedIsolated
Prime Prime locationlocation
Central & Central & South South AmericaAmerica
W & W & Central N. Central N. AmericaAmerica
East N. East N. AmericaAmerica
Religious Religious tolerancetolerance
Must be Must be CatholicCatholic
Catholic/Catholic/ProtestantProtestant
ProtestantProtestant
VocabularyVocabulary
French and Indian warFrench and Indian war JamestownJamestown New NetherlandsNew Netherlands PuritansPuritans Treaty of TordesillasTreaty of Tordesillas
Age of Discovery and Age of Discovery and TradeTrade
Part 4: The Old World and Part 4: The Old World and New World CollideNew World Collide
To understand the Columbian To understand the Columbian Exchange and how it has affected Exchange and how it has affected the world today.the world today.
To understand the business practices To understand the business practices of the age of trade.of the age of trade.
To connect the destruction of To connect the destruction of cultures with colonization and the cultures with colonization and the Columbian Exchange. Columbian Exchange.
The mixing of the old and newThe mixing of the old and new
new goods came to and from the new new goods came to and from the new worldworld
Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange: is a The Columbian Exchange: is a transfer of foods, livestock, disease transfer of foods, livestock, disease and slaves from Europe to the and slaves from Europe to the Americas Americas
This is the beginning today’s global This is the beginning today’s global marketmarket
Capitalism and CommercialismCapitalism and Commercialism
CapitalismCapitalism: economic system based : economic system based on competition, investment and on competition, investment and private ownershipprivate ownership
We shift from mercantilism to We shift from mercantilism to capitalismcapitalism
This change is known as the This change is known as the Commercial Revolution Commercial Revolution (wealth + (wealth + growth in trade)growth in trade)
Other changes Other changes
mercantilismmercantilism Lots of $ coming into EuropeLots of $ coming into Europe Not enough goods to buy = inflation, Not enough goods to buy = inflation,
prices of the goods go upprices of the goods go up Law of supply and demandLaw of supply and demand Joint-stock companiesJoint-stock companies::
consequencesconsequences
This era of exploration, colonization This era of exploration, colonization and trade, created the economy of and trade, created the economy of todaytoday
All foods are available globallyAll foods are available globally All cultures have been in contactAll cultures have been in contact Millions of people have perished, or Millions of people have perished, or
left their home countryleft their home country Cultures and population have been Cultures and population have been
built and destroyedbuilt and destroyed
Terms: Part 3 and Part 3Terms: Part 3 and Part 3
1. Columbian Exchange1. Columbian Exchange 2. Capitalism2. Capitalism 3. Commercial Revolution3. Commercial Revolution 4. joint-stock company4. joint-stock company
1. Treaty of Tordesillas1. Treaty of Tordesillas 2. Jamestown2. Jamestown 3. Puritans3. Puritans 4. French & Indian War4. French & Indian War