Post on 01-Jan-2016
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Hundreds and thousands of people have been slaughtered from a number of conflicts and civil wars,
and “there have been over 9 million refugees and internally displaced people from conflicts in Africa”. UNHCR
Why these conflicts ?
There are a number of reasons :• Internal battles to gain control of an existing
state• Ethnic groups seeking greater autonomy or
striving to create an independent state for themselves .
• Failed states.• IGNORANCE !
A look at some of the recent conflicts :
ANGOLA ( civil war )• Casualties: more than
500,000 killed and over 1 M internally displaced .
• Duration :1975 -2002• Savimbi militarily trained in
China • Found UNITA in 1966• Fought along MPLA for the
independence of Angola Jonas SAVIMBI
• Santos ,Comunist president of the republic and president of MPLA : 1979-present
• Peace accord and free elections:1992
Savimbi 40 % Dos santos 49 %.• Death of Savimbi envoy
( his VP )…No 2nd round! • Death of Savimbi: 2002
José Eduardo dos Santos
CONGO(DRC)
KIVU conflict • General in FARDC • 2004 : formed CNDP cause : marginalization of his
minority people and threat caused by FDLR
• 2009: arrested in Rwanda and CNDP became a political
party • 2012 : M23 movement • Late 2012 : withdrawal
following kampala meeting Gen . Laurent NKUNDA
• Nkunda total army : 6000-8000 men
• Congolese total army : 144,000-159,000 men
• MONUSCO : 16,000men
• Death toll : 5.4 million people 1998-2008.
ranked the world’s deadliest conflict since World War II!!
• Human right crimes
CHILD soldiers
CAR (Central African Rep.)
• 2003 : Coup d’etat by the current president Francois Bozize .
• 2004-2007 : CAR Bush war .• 2007 : Peace agreement
with the rebels integration.• 2012 : conflicts resumed .
Cause : Government trying to play smart.
• 2013 : Peace agreement but keep the seized territorry. Francois BOZIZE .
KENYA 2007-2008 post- presidential election crisis
• Contesters : Mwai KIBAKI (inc. president)
vs Raila ODINGA (opposition)• Early results : ODINGA’s victory
• Official results : KIBAKI victory.• Within minutes VIOLENCE
broke out …
Mwai KIBAKI
Raila ODINGA
• casualties: Death toll : more than a
1000 people Displacement : More
than 600,000 people• End of violence : early
2008. agreement on power sharing followed by creation of PM post .
ZIMBABWE
2008 Election crisis Probably the most hated
human being alive … In office : 1987 –present ( tech. since independence
1980 as PM )• Present GAMAL Abdel
Nasser (Egypt 1956-1970 ) ?• ………… Robert MUGABE NASSER
• Land reform policies White minority : < 1% of the
country’s population . Owned : 47% of the country’s arable
land . 70% of the best farming land .2000 : MUGABE distibuted the land
to the black community ….thus the start of the so called
international community sanctions .
Aftermath : the once prosperous agricultural industry suffered badly ….and the country went into a deep mess,
Food insecurity
• 2008 elections : 1st round results delayed for a month : MUGABE 43 % TSVANGIRAI 48 %
• Disappointed MUGABE started going after his opponent’ supporters .
• TSVANGIRAI withdrawal2nd round : MUGABE 83 % TSVANGIRAI 9 % !
• Political violence • Power sharing , TSVANGIRAI appointed
as PM.
Robert MUGABE Morgan TSVANGIRAI
COTE D’IVOIRE • 2000 : Gbagbo’s victory over
Gen. Robert Guéï , the latter refused .
street protests bring gbagbo to power .
• 2002-2005 : civil war due to discremination of the notherners mostly foreign descent .
• 2005 : Cease –fire and peace agreement
Laurent GBAGBO
Alasanne OUATTARA
• 2010 : Presidential election after being postponed 6 times (6 years ).
• Ouatara victory over Gbagbo . Gbagbo refused to recognize the result and self proclaim the winner !
• Specialty : 2 president in in the country !
• 2010-2011: Crisis and Gbagbo arrest by Ouattara forces .
MALI
NOTHERN MALI conflicts • For sometime Tuaregs from
the north had formed a rebellion (MNLA) …seeking for independence .
• March 2012 : coup d’etat by angry low rank officials grouped in CNRDR
cause : president’s handling of the crisis in the north.
coup leader : Cap.Amadou SANOGO
Frm pres. Amadou TOURE
Capt. SANOGO
Consequences :• April 2012 : Touareg rebels
backed by islamist group ANSAR DINE took over the north and declare independence
• ANSAR DINE imposition of strict sharia law
• Misunderstanding between ANSAR DINE and MNLA
• ANSAR DINE take -over
TOUAREGS
ANSAR DINE
Foreign intervention • January 2013 : French
military (major player )• AU forces …• February 2013 : Nothern
MALI retaken ….
NIGERIA’s BOKO HARAM
“Since its founding in 2001, they have been responsible for between 3,000 to 10,000
deaths.” :wikipedia
References :• http://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War• http://
www.responsibilitytoprotect.org/index.php/crises/crisis-in-zimbabwe
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kivu_Conflict• http://
www.globalissues.org/article/87/the-democratic-republic-of-congo