AFRICA REVIEWAFRICA REVIEWBANTU MIGRATIONS (100-1000 AD)–BANTU MIGRATIONS (100-1000 AD)–Herders/farmers – moved W to E and S. Herders/farmers – moved W to E and S. Africa.Africa.Brought common language (mixes with Brought common language (mixes with Arabic – becomes Swahili)Arabic – becomes Swahili)Brought Iron, oral tradition (no writing), Brought Iron, oral tradition (no writing), and slavery.and slavery.Cultural diffusers – (see above) and add Cultural diffusers – (see above) and add use of cereal grains and terracing crops.use of cereal grains and terracing crops.

Sahalan Empires (West Africa)Sahalan Empires (West Africa)

Ghana – 300 A.D.- 1100 A.D.Ghana – 300 A.D.- 1100 A.D.““land of gold” in Sahel – savannah land of gold” in Sahel – savannah grasslands south and west of the Sahara.grasslands south and west of the Sahara.Ruled by a king. Mix of Muslims and Ruled by a king. Mix of Muslims and non-Muslims.non-Muslims.Arabs traded copper, horses, textiles and Arabs traded copper, horses, textiles and figs for gold, honey, slaves, and ivory from figs for gold, honey, slaves, and ivory from Ghana.Ghana.

Sahalan - MaliSahalan - Mali

Mali – 1100 A.D.-1350.Mali – 1100 A.D.-1350.Griots – professional oral historians, Griots – professional oral historians, keepers of traditions, advisors to kings.keepers of traditions, advisors to kings.More Muslim convertsMore Muslim convertsMansa Musa – devout Muslim – 1324 Mansa Musa – devout Muslim – 1324 made pilgrimage to Mecca with much made pilgrimage to Mecca with much gold (draws more traders to Africa).gold (draws more traders to Africa).

MaliMaliTimbuktu – political, economic, and Timbuktu – political, economic, and cultural center of all West Africa during cultural center of all West Africa during this time period.this time period.

On trans-Saharan trade route On trans-Saharan trade route exchanging gold from the south for salt exchanging gold from the south for salt from the desert. Also traded ivory and from the desert. Also traded ivory and slaves. Islamic social structure with slaves. Islamic social structure with many mosques and a center of Islamic many mosques and a center of Islamic learning.learning.

Christianity in AfricaChristianity in Africa

Egypt (Coptics) and Ethiopia. Egypt (Coptics) and Ethiopia. Christians allowed to practice even Christians allowed to practice even with the coming of Islam.with the coming of Islam.