R O B I N I Z Z O

A S S O C I A T E D I R E C T O R

E N V I R O N M E N T A L H E A L T H A N D S A F E T Y

P R I N C E T O N U N I V E R S I T Y

Adventures in Lab Ventilation

The Adventure Begins

!! The Cast

!! The Quest

!! The Path

!! The Obstacles

!! The Discovery

!! The Adventure Continues… !! Episode 2

!! Episode 3…

The Cast – On Location

!! Office of Design and Construction !! Architects

!! Planners

!! Facilities Engineering !! Mechanical Engineers

!! EHS !! Me

!! The Users (Chemistry Department) !! Faculty

!! Technical Staff

!! Graduate Students

The Cast – Off-Site

!! Main Architect

!! Laboratory Designers

!! Code Experts

!! Code Administrators

!! Engineering Consultants

!! Commissioning Consultants

!! Move Consultants

!! Programming Consultants

FUNCTIONAL VENTILATION SYSTEM

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

FLEXIBILITY

ENERGY SAVINGS

RELIABILITY

The Quest

The Path

!! Pre-Programming Phase !! Types and number of labs, space needs, etc.

!! Programming Phase !! Visits to colleges and universities

"!Meet with users, maintenance staff, engineers

"!EHS, Chemistry, ODC, Engineering, Consultants

!! Sample hoods and other equipment

"!3 years, 7 hoods, 4 sash positioning systems

"!Feedback from users, engineers and maintenance workers

"!Studied energy usage

!! Ask students and users what they like/dislike

E N E R G Y U S A G E

S A F E T Y V S . E N E R G Y S A V I N G S

M A I N T E N A N C E

The Obstacles

Teaching Labs

!! A hood for every student !! !! Nearly 200 hoods in teaching labs

!! Constant volume

!! 60 fpm

!! Glass, back to back

"! Instructor can view work

!! Three position control

"!On, off, prep

"!Key controlled by instructor

"!On 15 hours a week at most

!! One on permanently for storage, set-up, dilution ventilation

Research Hoods

!! Another 200

!! Want 8-foot hoods

!! Sash position !! Need to capture at full open

!! Students don’t close sash !! Argue they need it open all the time

!! Footpad study

!! How long do they actively use hood?

R A T H E R , T H E S O L U T I O N S , W E H O P E …

The Discovery

Usage

Energy Savings

Plans

!! Low flow hoods !! 60 fpm at 24 inches

!! Containment (tracer gas study) full open

!! Automatic sash closers !! Not openers

!! Timing is important

!! Vertical sash only

!! Occupancy sensors

!! Status light !! Occupied, unoccupied, trouble

!! Text messaging

!! Purge

Choosing the Right Hoods

Plans

!! ThermoFisher glass hoods for teaching labs !! 60 fpm at 18 inches, CV

!! Waldner Secuflow hoods for research !! VAV – Siemens’ controls

!! Pass ASHRAE at 24 inches

!! Pass containment portion full open

!! 75% Diversity Rate

!! Ventilation System Commissioning !! Visited factories – ThermoFisher and Waldner

!! ASHRAE – test 25% every quarter for two years

!! Compare with EHS testing

!! Modified test with live people

A N D L I N G E R C E N T E R F O R E N E R G Y A N D T H E E N V I R O N M E N T

N E U R O S C I E N C E I N S T I T U T E

C O M P L E T E V E N T I L A T I O N S Y S T E M R E T R O F I T S

The Adventure Continues

Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment

!! Original programming for one lab: !! Four 8 ft chemical hoods and 2 ducted biosafety cabinets

!! Conversations with researchers " design change: !! Two 6 ft chemical hoods

!! Two ducted enclosures

!! One slot hood

!! Two fume extractors

!! One biosafety cabinet

!! Results !! Cut thousands of cfm

!! Lower first costs and operating costs

!! More space in lab

Neuroscience Institute

!! Vivaria !! AAALAC limitations on air change rate

!! Ventilated cages

!! Neuroscience research !! Not as chemical intensive

!! Programming Stage

!! Low Flow Hoods

!! Active chemical monitoring !! Demand ventilation

!! Computational flow

!! Flow rate 6 occupied/3 unoccupied

Retrofits

!! Energy studies !! Two most energy intensive and inefficient buildings

"!Lewis Thomas Laboratory 1985 (Molecular Biology)

"!Jadwin Laboratory 1968 (Physics)

!! Cost-benefit of ventilation system upgrade

"! Increase efficiency

"!Decrease ventilation rates

"!Demand control ventilation

"!Lighting, etc.

!! Payback less than 8 years

!! Complete retrofit and recommissioning

New Normal for Labs

!! Flexible use

!! Multi-disciplinary

!! Experimental today, computational tomorrow

FLEXIBLE ! ONE SIZE FITS ALL

!! Can design specifically and maintain flexibility

Decisions, Decisions

!! Work with your design team

!! Talk to the users

!! Understand the applications and the risk

!! Look beyond those applications

!! Try the options on for size !! Installation, visits, meetings

!! Design for flexible future

Not Just for New Labs…

!! Are all hoods being used?

!! Do you need so many?

!! During annual testing, consider turning off or turning down

!! Don’t be afraid to remove or move a hood

!! Retrofit

!! Try new stuff

Questions?